Isitshalo izicubu kanye nencazelo emfushane

Plant kwezicubu zahlukahlukene ngempela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izici morphological isakhiwo ngasinye kuncike ngokuqondile ku elisebenzisekayo yayo imisebenzi. It isinqumo ukwaba ezinye izinhlobo zawo:

• imfundo;
• enamathela;
• ngemishini;
• conductive;
• eziyisisekelo.

isakhiwo ngasinye inezici ezithile okuzokwenziwa ngazo ngezansi.

Sikhungo izicubu isitshalo

izicubu Sikhungo abizwa ngokuthi meristems. Lesi sakhiwo siqukethe encane, amaseli polyhedral enezindonga mncane. Basuke ivaliwe uvalwe ndawonye. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope ungabona ukuthi ane-nucleus esikhulu vacuoles eziningi ezincane. Isici esikhethekile sale Indwangu yikhono amaseli ayo ukwehlukana ngokuqhubekayo. Yilokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhula njalo zalesi sihlahla. It isinqumo ukwaba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• meristem Primary - isitshalo omdala lo Indwangu lilondolozwe amathiphu of amahlumela namathiphu impande. It wenziwa sibonga eyinhloko ukukhula kwakhe isitshalo ubude.
• meristem Secondary - cambium obubekwe ngaphambili futhi fellogenom. Lezi izindwangu ukunikeza ekwandeni yesibili stem kanye nezimpande ubukhulu. Ngendawo isehlane apical, ezilingene yesibili meristem ejotshelelwayo.

izicubu esinemthombo isitshalo

Ikhava indwangu ibekwe phezu komzimba simila. umsebenzi Its main - kuyisivikelo. izakhiwo ezinjalo banesibopho ukumelana izitshalo ukuze ukucindezeleka mechanical, ukuvikela okushisa okusheshayo futhi ukuhwamuka ngokweqile umswakama, ukuvikela ngokumelene ingress kwamagciwane. Amalungu ikhava zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Epidermis (isikhumba) - yiyona izicubu eyinhloko ukuthi siqukethe encane, okusobala, futhi uvalwe ivaliwe phakathi amaseli. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo Indwangu ihlanganisa ebusweni amaqabunga amahlumela amasha. Isendlalelo epidermal amahlamvu kuhlanganisa stomata - kumiswa okuyinto banesibopho izinqubo of negesi lokushintshisana futhi transpiration.
• Periderm - secondary enamathela lendwangu, okuyinto ibekwe phezu stem kanye ebusweni impande. Siqukethe feloggena kanye ukhokho. Cork kuyinto efile cell ungqimba, izindonga zazo elifakwe nge waterproof izidakamizwa suberin.
• Cork - izicubu, okuyinto sici kwemithi isithunzi ngiyocasha ehlathini. Lesi sendlalelo ukusibekela izicubu ingxenye kwangaphandle ngesivalo.

Ukuqhuba izicubu izitshalo

Umsebenzi osemqoka leli qembu izicubu - ezokuthutha amanzi namaminerali emzimbeni zalesi sihlahla. Ukuze ahlukanise phakathi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izakhi conductive:

• Xylem - ihamba amanzi namaminerali ziyoncibilika kusukela empandeni kuya ezingxenyeni phansi nesitshalo. Siqukethe esibuthakathaka okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi kuqhoqhoqho kanye tracheids.
• Phloem - indwangu, esihlinzeka wamanje phezulu. Ngokusebenzisa amashubhu ngesihlungo zonke izakhi organic, okuyinto kuhlelwe umqondo ngu amahlamvu basakazekela kwezinye izitho zalesi sihlahla, kuhlanganise uhlelo impande.

Indwangu main zezitshalo: parenchyma

Lokhu ndwangu akhiwa amangqamuzana amancane eziphilayo enezindonga mncane. Ukuthi ngesisekelo zonke izitho. Kuhlanganisa:

• Nokwenziwa izicubu - ziqukethe amaseli amaningi futhi chloroplast banesibopho izinqubo photosynthesis kanye kumiswa izinto eziphilayo. Eziningi zalezi kwezicubu eziqukethwe amahlamvu.
• Isitoreji izicubu - maseli imali izakhamzimba. Lokhu izicubu bagxila e izithelo, izimpande kanye nembewu.
• Amanzi esindayo izicubu - asetshenziselwa ekuqongeleleni kanye nokulondolozwa amanzi. Lezi izicubu nobuntu izitshalo ophilayo kushisa futhi omile, ezifana cactus.
• Indwangu womoya - izindwangu abanjalo bangabaphostoli izimbotshana ezinkulu intercellular zazo zigcwele umoya. Aerenchyma nobuntu marsh futhi ezimila emanzini.

izicubu isitshalo Mechanical

Lubhekele kudalwa uzimele oqinile. Asekela ifomu zalesi sihlahla, okwenza kube livikela kakhulu ithonya lokukhanda. Siqukethe Indwangu ezifana ne izikhumba obukhulu amaseli. Kakhulu kakhulu izicubu mechanical ithuthukiswe isiqu sama isitshalo.