Mechanical Plant izicubu: izici kwesakhiwo nemisebenzi

Kanye nezilwane, ezindikimbeni izitshalo, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene kwezicubu. It is emizimbeni, okuyinto yena, yakha uhlelo eyakhelwe. Iyunithi kwesakhiwo sonkana kuyafana - iseli.

Nokho, izicubu isitshalo nowezilwane futhi kuhluke isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Ngakho-ke, zama ukuqonda ukuthi yini lezi amaphethini flora. Ukuhlolisisa lokho mechanical isitshalo izicubu.

izicubu isitshalo

Ubude amaqembu 6 bungabonakala ezicutshini zomzimba isitshalo.

1. Sikhungo kuhlanganisa isilonda, apical, futhi ohlangothini gusset hlobo. Yakhelwe ukubuyisela isakhiwo izitshalo, izinhlobo ezahlukene ukukhula, ohilelekile kumiswa nezinye izicubu, ukwakha amangqamuzana amasha. Kuye umsebenzi kuyacaca okuzokwenziwa izingxenye nge yenziwe yaba yasendaweni indwangu sezemfundo: petioles, internodes, impande ithiphu, engxenyeni engenhla stem.
2. Isifinyezo siqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene parenchyma (columnar, womoya, sithambile, Stocking, amanzi esindayo) kanye izingxenye photosynthesis. Umsebenzi oluhambisana igama: kugcinwe amanzi, inqwaba reserve izakhamzimba, inqubo ye-photosynthesis, igesi exchange. Kwasendaweni in the amaqabunga, sifanamsindvo, izithelo.
3. Conductive Indwangu - xylem futhi phloem. Inhloso esemqoka - zokuthutha amaminerali namanzi ukuba amaqabunga neziqu kanye ukuphinda ithunyelwe compounds izakhi izindawo isitoreji. Akhiwe izitsha zokhuni, ezikhethekile amaseli phloem.
4. izindwangu Ukumboza afaka isibalo samalungu alo izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo: kukakhokho, Cork, le epidermis. indima yabo kwasekuqaleni - Ukuvikelwa, kanye transpiration kanye negesi lokushintshisana. Indawo emzimbeni zalesi sihlahla: kobuso namaqabunga, amagxolo, izimpande.
5. ukukhiqizwa Secretory kwezicubu wenziwa juice, nectars, imikhiqizo umzimba, umswakama. Kubekwe ezikhungweni ezikhethekile (nectaries, mlechnikah, izinwele).
6. Mechanical izicubu isitshalo, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi wayo kuzoxoxwa ngezansi kabanzi.

izicubu Mechanical: izici jikelele

Complex futhi heterogeneous sezulu izimo, catharsis zezulu, akuyona senhliziyo ezithambile bemvelo njalo - Kuvikela ekhaya kuzo zonke lo muntu. Futhi ngokuvamile lokhu litheku izitshalo babe izilwane. Futhi ngubani ukuzisindisa? Ngakho ukuthi bayakwazi ukumelana nomoya esindayo nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nesichotho, liqhwa nezikhatha iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo? It kuvela, kubasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuzimela kufakwe isakhiwo - izicubu lokukhanda.

isakhiwo esinjalo njalo ngokulinganayo basakaza kwelinye nesitshalo esifanayo. Futhi, okuqukethwe kwayo akuyona abameleli ngekufana nekwehluka kwato. Kodwa ngezinga elithile kuba nhlobo. Mechanical izicubu isitshalo has a isakhiwo ekhethekile, ngezigaba kanye nemisebenzi.

Ukubaluleka obusebenzayo

Igama elilodwa lokhu isakhiwo ukhuluma ngendima futhi ukubaluleka ukuthi analo izitshalo - mechanical amandla, nokuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa. Ngokuvamile, akhiwa nge mechanical izicubu valve. Lokho uhlobo skeleton Uhlaka, onikeza akusekele futhi akunike amandla kulo umzimba isitshalo.

Lezi zici izicubu kubalulekile kakhulu lokukhanda. Ngenxa yobukhona babo isitshalo uyakwazi ukubekezelela esiqine sezulu esibi sezulu, ngenkathi sigcina ubuqotho zonke izingxenye. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi izihlahla ezinyakaziswa imimoya enamandla. Nokho, lokho akusho zephuke ekuboniseni izimangaliso plasticity namandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi izakhiwo mechanical kwezicubu. Ungaphinde ubone nokuzinza nezihlahla, utshani obude, nezihlahla into encane, izihlahla ezincane. Bonke sesimweni esihle, like I Ugxilile Tin Soldier.

Yiqiniso, lokhu kuchazwe izici isakhi izakhiwo cell kanye ezihlukahlukene izicubu lokukhanda. Ungakwazi utihlukanise tibe.

ngezigaba

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko izakhiwo ezinjalo, ngalinye elikwazi inezici ayo isakhi izicubu lokukhanda.

1. Collenchyma.
2. Sclerenchyma.
3. Sklereidy (ngokuvamile kubonakala njengengxenye sclerenchyma).

Ngayinye yalezi kwezicubu zingase zimiswe kusuka kokubili okuyinhloko kanye we meristem yesibili. Zonke izicubu amaseli mechanical babe obukhulu okuqinile iseli izindonga, okuyinto kakhulu uchaza ikhono le misebenzi. Okuqukethwe kweseli ngayinye kungaba ophilayo noma osewafa.

Collenchyma futhi oyiyo

Ukuvela lolu hlobo sakhiwo kwezicubu ezinkulu izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, iningi collenchyma chlorophyll iqukethe sombala futhi uyakwazi ekusebenziseni i-photosynthesis. Leli ndwangu kuphela izitshalo abasha, kuvuleke iziphathimandla ilungelo labo ngaphansi ikhava, ngezinye izikhathi kancane ezijulile.

A imfuneko collenchyma - turgor amaseli, kodwa kulokhu-ke uyakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi walo ukuqinisa, ukwesekwa. isimo esinjalo kungenzeka, njengoba wonke amaseli ijwabu - abaphilayo, ezikhulayo futhi sokuhlukanisa. Izikhumba obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa ikhule ezimbotsheni agcinwayo lapho kukhona umswakama kanye kocingo nokufaka ezithile turgor ingcindezi.

Futhi, isakhiwo mechanical lolu hlobo izindwangu kuhilela izinhlobo eziningana okuhlangana amaseli. Ngalokhu umbandela uhlukaniswe ezintathu izinhlobo collenchyma.

1. Plate. Izindonga cell abizwa uqweqwe ngokwanele nombala ahlelwe eduze komunye nomunye, zifana kuya stem. Elongate isesimweni (isibonelo isitshalo equkethe lolu hlobo Indwangu, - sunflower).
2. collenchyma Angled - igobolondo uqweqwe Ukuboshelwa, ezisemagumbini futhi phakathi. Interlock nomunye yilezi izingxenye, ukwakha isikhala esincane (nokunye okufana nokolweni, ithanga, Sorrel).
3. Friable - igama liyazikhulumela. Izindonga mkhulu cell, kodwa uxhumano yabo - kunezikhala ezinkulu intercellular. Ngokuvamile wenza umsebenzi photosynthesis (Belladonna, nonina nosingamama sika).

Ngaphinde kufanele aveze ukuthi collenchyma - lokhu Indwangu usemncane kuphela, izitshalo odnogodovalyh futhi amahlumela. I kwasendaweni ayinhloko endikimbeni isitshalo - petioles kanye emithanjeni emikhulu e isiqu sama-izinhlangothi esime a isilinda. Leli bhukwana liqukethe eziphilayo izicubu kuphela, amaseli neodrevesnevshie ukuthi musa kuthinte ukukhula kwezitshalo izidumbu zabo.

imisebenzi

Ngaphandle photosynthesis, kungase futhi kube ngokuthi njengoba eyinhloko eziveza umsebenzi. Nokho, engawuboni idlala indima enkulu kangaka eziphila kuleli, njengoba sclerenchyma. Noma kunjalo collenchyma amandla eqine ifaniswe ngamandla izinsimbi (aluminium, isibonelo, nomthofu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi walolu hlobo kwezicubu mechanical echazwa ngokuthi akwazi ukwakha inhlobo yesibili bok igobolondo e plant izitho ubudala.

Sclerenchyma izinhlobo amaseli

Ngokungafani collenchyma, amaseli izicubu ngokuvamile igobolondo lignified kakhulu uqweqwe. okuqukethwe bukhoma (protoplast) uyafa ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile sclerenchyma iseli netakhi afuthwe ngesibulali isakhi esithile esikhethekile - lignin, okwandisa amandla amaningi izikhathi zabo. amandla ukwa at sclerenchyma engaqhathaniswa ngensimbi Ukwakhiwa nemingcele.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu amangqamuzana akha Indwangu ezifana imi kanje:

• Imicu yotshani;
• sklereidy;
• izakhiwo kufakwe conductive izicubu, xylem futhi phloem - Imicu yotshani Bast nezinkuni (libriform).

I imicu eminingana side futhi waveza upwardly prozenhimnye isakhiwo ulwelwesi kakhulu lignified futhi uqweqwe, ikhule ezimbotsheni mancane kakhulu. Zitholakala ezindaweni ekupheleni ukukhula izinqubo zezitshalo: stem interstitial, incenye lemcoka kulomkhakha kufihlizwe impande.

Bast nezinkuni Imicu yotshani kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu njengoba mfanekiso kwezicubu conductive elibazungezile.

Izici isakhiwo sclerenchyma mechanical izicubu liqukethe yokuthi wonke amangqamuzana afile, kanye eyakheke kahle ukhuni igobolondo. Bebonke, bakusekela ekwazi ukumelana omkhulu izitshalo. kwakhiwa Sclerenchyma is kusukela eyinhloko meristem, cambium futhi procambium. Isebenze iziqu (sifanamsindvo), umoba, izimpande, umoba, isitsha, Isiqu namaqabunga.

Indima emzimbeni isitshalo

Wenza umsebenzi mechanical izicubu sclerenchyma kucacile - ukukuhlinzeka ngohlaka ephelele eqinile, sibe namandla anele, eguquguqukayo kanye namandla okuma imiphumela static futhi ashukumisayo abangelwa yisisindo coronal (ezihlahleni) nezinhlekelele zemvelo (zonke izitshalo).

photosynthesis umsebenzi sclerenchyma cell into engavamile ngenxa lilokhu libuna okuqukethwe bukhoma.

Sklereidy

Lezi zici ezihlelekile athutha Indwangu kwakhiwa ezivamile amaseli mncane-ngodonga befa by ukuhlukaniswa izigaba protoplast sklerifikatsii (lignification) amagobolondo thickenings kwabo okuphindaphindiwe. amaseli okunjalo ukuthuthukisa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• ka meristem eyinhloko;
• ka parenchyma.

Qinisekisa amandla futhi rigidity kungenziwa sklereid, elisho indawo kwasendaweni yabo izitshalo. Phakathi kwazo nutshells, izithelo imigodi.

Ngokusho la ifomu izakhiwo zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ngakho, ukukhululwa:

• amaseli iDemo oyindilinga enamadwala (brahisklereidy);
• branched;
• kakhulu side - fibre;
• osteosklereidy - ezibumbeke njengebholo tibia womuntu.

Ngokuvamile izakhiwo ezinjalo zitholakala ngisho uginindela we izithelo, esivikela kuzo ukudla ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni nezilwane. Sklereidy zonke izinhlobo akha izicubu mechanical ikakhulukazi, ebasiza ukuba enze imisebenzi.

Inani simila

Indima amaseli esinjalo kuphela yokugcizelela imisebenzi. Sklereidy futhi sisize izimila:

• ukuvikela imbewu okushisa;
• ukugwema Fetus amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta, kanye isilwane Ukulunywa;
• ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinye izicubu mechanical umnyuziki esitebeleni Uhlaka lokukhanda.

Ukuba khona izicubu mechanical izitshalo ezahlukene

Ukusatshalaliswa zalezi zinhlobo Indwangu akufani e kwezinhlobo ezahlukene yezimila. Ngokwesibonelo, sclerenchyma okungenani aqukethe engezansi izitshalo emanzini - ulwelwe. Emva ukudlala emanzini, umfutho lomsebenzi wabo support.

Futhi hhayi kakhulu lignified futhi Stocking izitshalo tropical lignin, bonke abamele izindawo ezimanzi. Kodwa abakhileyo Isomiso kwezicubu mechanical uthole esiphezulu. Lokhu kubonakala isihloko imvelo yabo - Sclerophyll.

Collenchyma sici esengeziwe yonyaka dicotyledons abamele. Sclerenchyma, kunalokho, iningi buyingxenye e monocotyledonous utshani zisetshenziswa, kwezihlahla notshani.