Hypothalamic-pituitary uhlelo

uhlelo Hypothalamo-pituitary Uyisibopho kwesakhiwo pituitary morphofunctional (inqubo neseleko engezansi yobuchopho) kanye ngxenye (ikhadi diencephalon) abathintekayo ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi autonomic emzimbeni main.

Ikhishwa emnyangweni diencephalon hormone nomphumela ngqo inhibitory noma umfutho uketshezi hormone neseleko cerebral aphansi. Kulokhu kohlelo hypothalamo-pituitary futhi has a umsebenzi impendulo. Yenzelwe isiqondiso hormone uketshezi futhi zamagama (ngokwandisa ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone e endocrine nezindlala kuyehla uketshezi yama-hormone i-diencephalon umnyango). Hypothalamic-pituitary ukuhlolwa uhlelo impendulo, lisiza ekulondolozeni ukuqinisela emzimbeni.

Gipofizotropnye-hormone diencephalon ikhadi ihlukaniswe liberiny (yokugcizelela) kanye statin (unyathela amabhuleki) ukukhiqizwa abafanele hormone utho. Lesisemkhatsini kwesigaba isizukulwane wenziwa neuropeptides ubuchopho (uhlobo amaprotheni molecule).

Ngo-hormone amaningi hypophysis ngxenye inkanuko umphumela, njengoba kuqhathaniswa prolactin - uketshezi ingaphansi tonic inhibitory ithonya ngxenye.

Uma umonakalo (transection aphansi) ngezansi ubuchopho stem neseleko alondolozwe uketshezi of oxytocin futhi vasopressin axons e ukuphakama lesemkhatsini. Ngakho-ke, akwenzeki ngokuphazima sikashukela insipidus. Ukususwa kwezimiso hypothalamus noma transection eliphezulu imilenze kuvusa oxytocin ukulahlekelwa ukukhiqizwa, vasopressin, futhi zonke kodwa hormone prolactin kule ndlala pituitary.

Ngakho, imisebenzi kohlelo hypothalamic-pituitary.

Physiology eqala ubuhlobo ukugcwaliseka emithanjeni Ingosi adenohypophysis. Umhlinzi odongeni permeability ezahlukene amaprotheni ezinkulu. Amaqembu akhethiwe iseli nuclei akhiwa kule ngxenye. Phakathi kwabo kukhona 32 ngazimbili. Bazibandakanye ukulawulwa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Kule ndawo bagxila izikhungo ephakeme zezigaba nozwela futhi parasympathetic ka autonomic nervous system e. Ngakho, umfutho wegazi isiqondiso Kwenziwa, ukushisa, ubuthongo, ukukhiqizwa ukushisa, ukungakuthandi ukudla, kanye nezinye permeability semithambo.

Hypothalamic-pituitary uhlelo kuhileleke hhayi kuphela ekulondolozeni ukuqinisela imvelo yangaphakathi yomuntu. Liphinde lunikeze ngenyanga, nsuku zonke, ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, nezinye Rhythmic iyehla iyenyuka hormone.

HPA-eksisi (-eksisi hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) uyakwazi nomthelela obonakalayo inhibitory ku ukusebenza insikazi uhlelo zokuzala emazingeni ehlukene. Ikhishwa ngaphansi kwethonya CRH (KTRG - hormone okuthiwa i corticotropin-ukukhulula) peptides proopiomelanocortin kunethonya nomphumela inhibitory lapho kuvezwa hypothalamic i-hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa. Glucocorticoids zivimbela ukukhiqizwa LH (luteinizing i-hormone) pituitary futhi progesterone futhi estrogen e ezikhiqiza amaqanda, ukuzwela engezansi kwezicubu ezahlukene estradiol.

Ngakho, indima ebalulekile ye-eksisi HPA kunqunywa lapho obumba amenorrhea ukucindezeleka (yokuntuleka esikhathini ngesikhathi izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-6), "hypothalamic". Njengoba sihambisana nale, kuba nomphumela ngqo ukuvuselela i-estrogen isakhi sofuzo umgqugquzeli (esandulele ukulandelana nucleotide), okuyinto obangela KTRG zamagama kanye izakhiwo noradrenergic ku CNS. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kwenzeka khona hypercortisolism omnene (kwenyuke ukusebenza adrenal cortex), ukukhathazeka, semizwa, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, amehlo esesuthi iziyaluyalu nezinye izimpawu.