Uyini Congo? Izwe Congo. The Congo emfuleni

Kuyini ngamunye wethu, lapho ezwa igama elithi "Congo"? Abantu abamnyama loincloths? Mhlawumbe expanses of Savannah? Noma abami emfuleni Afrika, lapho izingwenya ezinkulu zitholakala? It kuvela ukuthi leli gama inezincazelo eziningi. Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi yini ezokwenzeka Congo.

okusho

• Abantu abahlala e-Afrika Ephakathi. Elinye igama lakhe - "Bakongo".

• Ulimi abantu kufakwe uBantu iqembu limi. Elinye igama lakhe - "Kicking".

• Umfula e -Afrika Ephakathi. It nguye ngobukhulu kule izwekazi, namanzi esindayo futhi umcengezi - lomfula wesibili emhlabeni.

• Ukucindezeleka eCongo Basin.

• Democratic Republic, ngaphambili eyayaziwa Zaire. Capital - idolobha laseKinshasa.

• I-Republic, iyikoloni wangaphambili French. Capital - emzini Brazzaville.

EDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Izwe itholakala e-Afrika Ephakathi, inhloko-dolobha - idolobha laseKinshasa. Ufana imingcele yamazwe ezifana Central African Republic, e-Uganda, South Sudan, Burundi, eRwanda, eTanzania, e-Angola, Zambia kanye Republic of Congo. Afrika - lapho kudabuka khona temave latfutfuke nokuthuthukisa. EDemocratic Republic of the Congo ingenye lokuqala. Ngokwe-IMF ngoba ngonyaka 2012, kuba isimo esibi kakhulu kule planethi yethu. Kungani lokhu Republic emuva ekuthuthukisweni kwabo? Okokuqala, ngoba kwaba ezweni wamakoloni isikhathi eside. Esanda kutholakala, ngo-1960, isimo uyekile incike ezweni asethuthukile European nezwe laseBelgium. Ngaphambi kwalokho, republic kwaba koloni yayo. Into yesibili ukuthi ebambezela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe - isimo sezulu of the Congo (Republic). Kuyinto ikakhulukazi bhé, okusho ukuthi kukhona njalo kushisa. Sizzling ilanga lishisa izitshalo isiko labantu. imvula eyanele kuphela loMfula imifula. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo uthiywa amaqoqo waphawula lapha zidlulisela isifo ethutha izifo eziyingozi.

Umlando yentuthuko yezwe

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, ensimini ka-republic yesimanje lalihlala AbaThwa. Lezi Afrika undersized wahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini, wahlanganyela kanye nokunye ukuhlangana. Phakathi II yeminyaka BC. e. izwe Congo abe litheku uBantu wezolimo izizwe. Laba bantu babehilelekile ezolimo. Bafika lapha ezolimo nelesimbi. Babazi ukuthi uyenza kanjani amathuluzi yensimbi. Bantu esungulwe endaweni isimo ngowokuqala, omunye okwakubizwa ngokuthi uMbuso Kongo. Kwakubonakala ekhulwini XIV. Inhlokodolobha okwakuseduze layo umuzi M'banza-Kongo (manje San Salvador). Ekupheleni kwekhulu xv endaweni kwakungamadodana isiPutukezi. Bafika-ke soMfula iCongo. Lapha iqala ikhasi omnyama emlandweni wethu, ukuhweba ngezigqila. Ngokushesha ngemva isiPutukezi ukuze Afrika baphuthuma nezinye imibuso yaseYurophu for "lezimpahla inzuzo." Ukuhweba ngezigqila kwaba indlela inzuzo kakhulu ekwandiseni amazwe athuthukile. Yonke indawo yezwekazi lase-Afrika ngokushesha ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu e amakoloni. Ngezinye zezigqila uMbuso Kongo abangu akhishelwe khona ikakhulukazi ukusebenza emasimini of America. Ngo-1876, ensimini ka isimo singene baseBelgium lithanda. Kusukela 1908, leli lizwe isibe ikoloni kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 kwadingeka alinde isikhathi izizwe wezigqila basebenza ukuze bazimele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1960. Onyakeni owawandulele National Movement iholwa uPatrice Lumumba won ukhetho ephalamende wendawo. Ngo-1971, i-Republic of the Congo iqanjwe kabusha Zaire. Ngo-1997, it wathola igama layo lamanje.

labantu

Ngo-Democratic Republic of Congo inabantu nje kwetigidzi letili-70. Leli zwe nezokulima. Ngakho-ke, iningi labantu uhlala emizaneni. Izakhamizi ezakha% 34 kuphela inombolo ephelele yabantu. Isikhathi esivamile okulindeleke ukuba uphansi: kwabesifazane - iminyaka engu-57 ngoba amadoda - '53. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo esinzima kwezomnotho e-republic. Izinga eliphansi imithi kunomthelela omkhulu bebeletha. Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga ocebile yayo kakhulu: inezinhlobo amaqembu angaphezu kuka-200 ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene, phakathi lapho amaqembu main - Bantu, Luba, Mongo, Mangbetu-Zande neCongo. Ulimi olusemthethweni - French.

umnotho wezwe

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-State iyona ampofu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Democratic Republic of the Congo - ehola khona kule emathunjini omhlaba amaminerali amaningi. Kukhona ezinkulu zosizo ayibe, tantalum, germanium, idayimane, ithusi, zinc, ithini, nokunye. Kukhona ezifakwa enkulu namafutha, itshe-nsimbi, amalahle, igolide nesiliva. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingcebo yezwe - amahlathi alo nezizinda zamanzi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, isimo kuba izwe kwezolimo. Futhi lapha basuke benza ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni isivuno. Minyaka yonke, izwe akhishelwe khona phesheya, ushukela, ikhofi, itiye, amafutha esundu, i-quinine, ubhanana kanye nezinye izithelo, ummbila, impande izitshalo. Ngo-2002, kuye kwaba nokukhula kwezomnotho esitebeleni. Nokho, kusukela ngo-2008, uye behlisa ngenxa yokufunwa bangawi bese amanani ukuthekelisa impahla.

Republic of the Congo

Leli zwe futhi e-Afrika Ephakathi. Inhloko-dolobha yaso - emzini Brazzaville. Ufana imingcele yamazwe ezifana Cameroon, eGabon, eCentral African Republic, Angola neDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Isimo sezulu ikakhulukazi enkabazwe kanye kuphela eningizimu - subequatorial. Enyakatho yezwe kuhlale ezinomswakama kakhulu.

Umlando yentuthuko

Uma insimu ka AbaThwa izwe abahlala yesimanje. Khona-ke lapha kwafika uBantu, wahlanganyela hoe futhi slash-no-ushise indawo ukuze kulinywe. Bakhulisa okwenziwe ngento efana namazambane, ubhontshisi, amabele. Ngo 1482, izwe Congo baba isayithi eyodwa bomkhankaso isiPutukezi. Futhi lapha ekhulwini xv kwafika isiFulentshi, owenza protectorate isivumelwano zonke izizwe ugu. Kusukela 1885 kuya ku-1947 uMbuso ikoloni yeFrance, engesiyo njengefanele izigqila kuphela ethengwe lapha, kodwa uyabandakanyeka isizinda zethusi ore lapha. Ngo-1960, leli zwe lalikhungethwe uyakwazi ukufeza ekubusweni kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Khona-ke izwe ukufunda ngalokho Congo. Waba ngumengameli wokuqala lapha Fulber Yulu, okwakubekelwa ngokushesha yaxoshwa kokuthunyelwe kwakhe. Phambili yezwe belinde linemibhikisho ezimbalwa, lapho amandla lidlule komunye owalandela.

Climate, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene: incazelo

Congo - ezweni elihle. Uma ngamagama ambalwa ukusho mayelana sezulu layo, bese-ke izobukeka kanje: lapha ezinomswakama unomphela futhi kushisa. Lonke isizini yezimvula kuleli zwe ezimbili: kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi futhi kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-May. Izinyanga ebanda kunazo - July no-August. Isigamu ala masimu elalihlala ese enkabazwe. Flora okuchazwe lapha kungenye ebanzi kakhulu: mahogany, zokwenziwa, Sapele, wamasundu chitola, SSA, nokuningi. Izwe isilwane, futhi, ecebile. Lihlala buffalos, izindlovu, izimvubu, izingwe, izinkawu, izinyoka izinyoni.

Umnotho nempucuko

Ezokuvakasha kuyinto ampofu e-Republic of Congo. Ikakhulukazi sezulu layo okungekuhle ukuba baseYurophu, ungavumeli ukusungula kwenkululeko wemboni umnotho. Ngesisekelo umnotho wezwe ukubuya - isizinda kanye nokukhishwa uwoyela. Ezolimo ayiqondakali athuthukile. Khula ikakhulu tapioca, irayisi, ummbila, umoba, ukhokho, ikhofi kanye nemifino. Kukhona futhi ukukhiqiza insipho, ugwayi, ubhiya, kanye usimende. Eziningi zalezi izimpahla akhishwa. Abathengi elikhulu imikhiqizo yezwe - lena Melika, China neFrance.

isiko labantu

Bendzawo unothile kakhulu futhi temdzabu esiyingqayizivele. Izingoma futhi abantu emidansweni - isisekelo salo. Izingcweti yezwe wahlanganyela ukhuni eqoshwe. Ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela zobumba, ezihlukahlukene izinto, ifenisha, izitsha uhawukele. Futhi, kukhona abaculi abaningi abanamakhono abasungula imidwebo yabo, esekelwe ngamasiko endawo.

Ezijulile Congo - lo mfula ongowesibili zaleli zwekazi

eziningi eziyimfihlakalo ngokwako uyazifihla izwekazi okuyimfihlakalo Afrika. Omunye wabo - eCongo River, okuyinto kweqa yenkabazwe kabili. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, yena inkosi kancane wafunda. Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla ubizwa ngokuthi Lualaba. Kuyinto eduze Mumena zokuhlala. Lualaba - emfuleni nge iyashintsha "uhlamvu." Rapids amasayithi, lapho amanzi ageleza ngokushesha kushintshane ezindaweni ezibushelelezi nokunokuthula. Kongolo ngezansi komuzi, lapho ihlangabezana esigodini Port-d, it yakha Rapids nezimpophoma. ezithakazelisayo Iningi labo ngaphansi yenkabazwe. Baziwa njengezakhamuzi Stanley Falls. Ngemva kubo, umfula sesivele sibizwa eCongo. Ngokwesilinganiso, phezu kwayo, eba sikhululeke kakhudlwana. Umlomo eCongo River - lena-Atlantic Ocean.

"Esibi" futhi "enhle"

amazwi Kunzima ukuchaza umbono okwenza lo mfula ku isihambi. Umbhali Dzhozef Konrad encwadini yakhe ethi "Heart of Darkness" kusho yena khona lapha kufana ukuze ubuyele "izimiso zomhlaba, lapho esemhlabeni, bahlasela izimila nemithi giant bentanta." Uyini Congo (umfula) e ezisenkabazwe, lapho kuvela? Lena esihogweni bangempela: sehlozi esingangeneki we omkhulu imitha-60 se-okhi *, ebony futhi gevey, ngaphansi kombhede lapho waphakade twilight nokubusa. Futhi ezansi, ebumnyameni, emanzini afudumele emfuleni at zonke sinyathelo usengozini: izingwenya, obunesihluku, nenhlwatsi. Kungezwe lokhu ukushisa esesabisayo kanye nomswakama babulawa, umtshitshi omiyane. Nokho ubuhle baso futhi ubuhle emfuleni ECongo yesiteleka. Yena odlula ngejubane elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula, lapho agelezela Atlantic Ocean kungabonwa a iba nsundu ngokubomvu ibala amatshe amakhulu ukuthi umfula ithwala iningi Savannah. Emifuleni yakhona kukhona letilikhulu. Lapha catch tilapia eyayitholakala, Nile indlovu, Bärbel, Nile perch, angenasawoti inhlanzi, ihlosi izinhlanzi nokuningi. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 1,000 zinhlobo ezehlukene umdlalo inhlanzi. On komfula iziteshi amandla amakhulu ambalwa emifula kwakhiwa, elikhulu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Inga".

Safunda ukuthi Congo. Kwavela ukuthi izwi inezincazelo eziningi, kuyisipho nomfula omude kunayo yonke e-Afrika, futhi ezimbili isimo sasihluke ngokuphelele. Ngayinye yalezi izinto, sakhuluma ngokuningiliziwe.