Amanzi Fire: Izidingo isheke

Njengengxenye izakhiwo zokuhlala, umphakathi kanye yezimboni inikeza ukucindezelwa izinhlelo umlilo. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu kwamanzi emithonjeni isiteshi ezinjalo esetshenziswa nezinye izinjongo e maphuzu into. Kanye imizila amanzi liquid siqondiswe esiteshini ukudonsa futhi eminye - ukuqondisa lens. amanzi Fire ngendlela efanele imisebenzi yabo okwesikhathi eside, ngenkathi sigcina umthwalo elikhulu, kufanele ngaphansi ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokugcinwa.

Umklamo amanzi

nomlilo uhlelo amanzi - akusiyo kuphela ukunikezela ukuthatha isitokwe iziteshi amanzi. Lena wonke amadivayisi ingqalasizinda, izesekeli zikagesi, ezingalotshwanga njalo exhumene ngokuqondile aqueous isevisi yenethiwekhi. Noma kunjalo, cishe bonke umugqa izinhlelo umlilo kwakheka kwi amapayipi base steel, noma izingxenye zayo, axhunyiwe ngu Welding. ingxenye okuyimpoqo kuyinto iphayiphi kanye valve - njengenhlangano impahla eliphezulu le ngxenye isetshenziswa bensimbi, noma okungenani isicelo lethusi. Unohemu yakhelwe uxhumano umlilo hoses, uma kuyindodana, izinhlelo umlilo-elwa ephathekayo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, omunye ukucutshungulwa amaphuzu inkonzo isiteshi amanzi kuyinto futha. Lokhu kungaba umfutho ophakeme sokumpompa abakwazi ekukhonzeni amaningi mobile futhi umile Sprinkler kwamanzi iziteshi. Futhi kule amapayipi kuhlinzekelwe elawula futhi shutoff valve, ukushintshwa, amathangi, nokunye imitshina. D. ukucushwa kwe-nokubekwa lezi amadivaysi ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu yini uhlelo lolu luyasetshenziswa ngqo nomlilo amanzi kule nokwakheka into ethile. Ngakho, kukhona izindlela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle yokuxhumana yokuhlala.

Fire amanzi yangaphandle

Outdoor ukufakwa indlela kanye nokusebenza amanzi umlilo iyona engcono, uma kuziwa ngokubeka emikhulukazi ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa ekhethekile izindlela lobuchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi, iningi izinhlelo zalolu hlobo igxile ekulungisweni kwetakhiwo afika ku 1000 M3. Ngokuphathelene ezithile izinto, amanzi umlilo ongaphandle esetshenziswa cishe zonke izindawo ukukhiqizwa amakilasi B, D no E. Futhi akuvumelekile eqeda hangars, ezikhumulweni, emafektri.

Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuleli cala imayelana 10 l / s. Lokhu value isilinganiso njengoba ukubaluleka kwakuthiwa esiphezulu afinyelele 35 l / s. Nokho, esimweni izinto zokuhlala kanye zomphakathi nokukhawulela nezidingo imithwalo kunethiwekhi nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi imigqa. Oku-ebalisisiwe kanye nezinga ingcindezi ngawo amanzi kwenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubaluleka Kunconywa ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ongaphakeme 10 m Nge Ziyanda storeys amandla kungase kwandise izinga -. 4 m Per phansi. Naphezu ezikhangayo rwe izinkomba ezifana namanzi umlilo ongaphandle akuyona njalo ngempumelelo ekubhekaneni imithombo yangaphakathi ukuthungela. Ngakho, kulezo zimo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa langaphakathi alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi umugqa.

Fire amanzi endlini

inhlangano Amazinga yangaphakathi amanzi umlilo supply kuchazwa esigabeni ezifanele SNIP 2.04.01-85 olunezinombolo. Lokhu kunikeza amanzi umlilo kwakuliwa izakhiwo zezimboni kanye zomphakathi, kungakhathaliseki esigabeni sabo. Ukuphakama amanzi kungaba 50 m, futhi ivolumu kufika ku-50 eziyinkulungwane. ^M3. Ukuze efulethini izindlu amanzi umlilo yangaphakathi kunikeza isilinganiso okuphakelayo izinga lamanzi 1.5 l / s - ne ngalo mbandela wokuba leyo diameters of amapayipi amanzi Imibhobho esemzimbeni kuyalungiswa 38 mm.

Kuyinto ngenxa ukusakaza emincane izinhlelo ezifana angakunikeza medium ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusebenzisa kwabo nzima ukuvikela umlilo ongaphakeme-liphumele izakhiwo. Eziningi zalezi izakhiwo yethulwe zingene ingqalasizinda izibhedlela, izikole, amanyuvesi, inhlangano amahholo, izakhiwo zezimboni.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ezenziwa ngamanzi umlilo yangaphakathi, ukuvimbela ukusabalala umlilo maphuzu. Ngakho-ke, uma esimweni sangaphandle alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi injongo eyinhloko wukunikeza imigqa mobile nge imikhono, amasistimu yangaphakathi siholwa yokufafaza umile, kuhlanganiswe ophahleni izikhala. Lokhu kungaba Sprinkler futhi kufika uzamcolo Imibhobho esemzimbeni imiklamo ezahlukene Imibhobho esemzimbeni ngamakhasimende ukuhlakazwa amaconsi noma inkungu. Amadivayisi anjalo kuhluke eyinkimbinkimbi constructional, kodwa inzuzo yabo kungenzeka ezisebenza imodi othomathikhi.

Hlola ukulahlekelwa uketshezi

Ngo inqubo uhlelo amasheke ngokulahlekelwa amanzi Kulinganiselwa njengoba ingcindezi izinkomba ku isiqu esiyinhloko ingcindezi zokulawula ezifanele. Lokhu isheke ikuvumela ukuba uthango ngokumelene overloads emgqeni futhi ukuba kungalimali muntu. Ukuhlolwa ngokulahlekelwa amanzi senzeka kabili ngonyaka. isikhathi Test kuyakhethwa ngokususela esikhathini lapho kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi asebenzayo ezikuleyo ndawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi ehlobo. Kulesi zokuxhumana kumele zihlolwe at ingcindezi ephansi ayinhloko isikhungo umugqa. Lokhu kuzovumela ukulinganisa isiteshi amathuba umsebenzi izimo okungenani evumayo.

Ngaphandle ingcindezi umugqa isheke umlilo lembula compact jet ukuphakama ezingeni ingxenye, umthamo wamanzi ukusetshenziswa kanye ingcindezi at the umphini. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza nesilinganiso disparate ezimweni eziningi akudingekile, ngoba lezi yizinkomba kuhlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, ingcindezi ku esiqwini kumelwe ilingane labo empompini. Futhi okungenani ukugeleza idatha futhi ukuphakama jet ukugcina ngaphakathi kuyinsakavukela.

Ihlola ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokwayo wenziwa ngokulandelana umlilo hydrants, esesikhundleni ibanga esikhulu kunazo zonke esivela esiteshini futha. Uma umugqa iya umthwalo kusuka Cranes ezimbalwa - ngamunye wabo ukuba isebenze. Kubandakanya valve eduze zisetshenziswa kanye nezokuxhumana exhunywe kwi isikhuphukeli, okuyinto ixhunywe nomlilo amanzi. Izidingo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingcindezi kufanele kuhlaziywe kuphela esemqoka supply empompini. Noma, kungenjalo, ukuze kube lula, ungakwazi ukulawula vysokoraspolozhenny kakhulu umlilo valve uhlelo.

Ukulinganisa kudivayisi ukuhlolwa

Ingcindezi nesilinganiso liyipharamitha ukhiye, ngakho lesikali beyoba ithuluzi eliyinhloko ekuhlolweni. Ngokuvamile yokulinganisa ifaka nokucindezela Izikali isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezifana. ukufaka ekupheleni kusengaphambili eyethulwe elihlangana ikhanda ekhethekile.

Ngokuphathelene nokubekwa amadivayisi, isikhundla elikhulu esiphakathi hose umlilo valve. Ngqo ithuluzi gauge ogibele faka. Uma ungakwazi ukuxhuma ngqo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa nezimo imitha hose ukuthi futhi likuvumela ukuze uthumele inani ingcindezi kulesi silinganiso manometer.

Kuye izinhloso test Test umlilo umugqa angase futhi ahlanganise namanye imingcele futhi izilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa. Kodwa lokhu kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa gauge ingcindezi noma kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi izinga lokushisa, noma zezimboni kudivayisi bimetal nge zangaphandle wokulinganisa inzwa.

Ihlola izakhi uhlelo

Ngaphezu kokuhlola nemingcele metrological nokusebenza ingqalasizinda umlilo amanzi futhi ihlolwe futhi isimo lobuchwepheshe bathole ezinye zezici zalo. Into eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa umusa umlilo emgqonyeni. Basuke ngaso sonke isikhathi ihlolwe kohlaka amasheke ngokulahlekelwa amanzi, ngakho-ke usuthela ucwaningo ehlukene.

Ukungabi bikho izinyembezi, sengozini kanye zamehlo phezu isiqu - nenqubo main ngawo ukuhlola le ngxenye futhi amanzi umlilo yangaphakathi. Izimfuneko izinhlelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ekuqaleni linqume ukuthi bhukwana okukhipha imiphini diameters kufanele sibe ububanzi 13-19 mm. Isilinganiso ukubaluleka ovumelekile - 16 mm.

Sleeves nazo ihlolwe ngokumelene ubuqotho kanye nosayizi. Ikakhulukazi, ubude emikhonweni kungaba 10, 15 noma 20 m. Ngokuphathelene ubukhulu, isukela 51 kuya ku-66 mm. Usayizi ethile umgqomo futhi emkhonweni kuyakhethwa ngokuvumelana hlobo lwento futhi wakhonza nemililo amacebo izidingo.

By the way, ukuhlola kwangaphakathi alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi umlilo kusebenza futhi ukuhlaziywa ikhwalithi yokufafaza izici zayo. Abaculi ukuhlola ubuqotho babo, ikhwalithi ukuphakelwa kwamanzi, ubuqotho izingxenye futhi uxhumo olubi. Cishe njalo uhlelo banephupho khona amanzi amadamu, okuyinto angase abizwe ngokuthi amandla eceleni. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha yalolu hlobo bangenile ngenxa yobuqotho kanye nekhwalithi ngokuqondene amanzi umugqa nezokuxhumana.

Ukuhlola kanye nokubhaliswa Imiphumela yokuhlolwa

Esimweni ngasinye, kwemigomo emihle kuzohluka, ngoba kungaba umuntu iphrojekthi iphayiphi. Inkomba ingcindezi uthathwa njengomgcini umbandela eziyisisekelo. Inani layo ngokuhambisana nemithetho ebekelwe olinganise kuyoba amagugu elikhulu lapho avele isixazululo design. Kunoma ikuphi omuhle umlilo yokuqinisekisa umugqa ngeke kuphela uma imishini enjalo ubuqotho futhi ukuhlangabezana ethize imingcele lobuchwepheshe - ubude, ububanzi, njll ...

Ngemva ukulungisa imiphumela yokuhlola idokhumenti ekhethekile. Ikakhulu, i-test ubhala uphrothokholi erekhoda idatha ngenxa amanzi ukulahlekelwa isivivinyo umthamo. Ulwazi errata idokhumenti ngengcindezi ngaleso stem valve. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke wakhipha isenzo umugqa umlilo, ekhombisa isikhathi kanye nendawo lapho ukuhlolwa, kanye ulwazi mayelana wokwakha kanye nokugcina imishini. Umniningwane zaveza futhi lwahlolwa izici ukuxhumana - .. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlobo umzimba, hose impahla, usayizi wesibuko, njll Bobabili imibhalo uyogcina lisayinwe wonke amalungu ekomidi owaba nengxenye inqubo yokuqinisekisa.

Izidingo Ezokuphepha

Ngesikhathi sesivivinyo, abahlanganyeli e sokuhlolwa kufanele athobele imithetho yokuphepha. Okokuqala, novivinyo langempela abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokufanele nokusingatha umugqa amathuluzi umlilo kuvumelekile. Yilelo nalelo lungu kumele abe izingubo ezikhethekile ngamanzi-oxosha enamathela. Izimpawu izicubu zawo kufanele uhambisane imithwalo, okusebenza ngamanzi examinee.

Ngokuvamile, izenzakalo ezinjalo aphethwe landfills ekhethekile, kodwa kwezinye izimo lapho kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo iyonke, nakanjani hlola Kwenziwa on-site ukusebenza imishini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isibonelo, ukuhlolwa ekulahlekeni uketshezi engenziwa kuphela izikhathi lapho izimpahla jet ongaqhubeki usongo nabantu bedlula nezokuthutha.

Ngaphakathi isakhiwo futhi kumele anikeze amanzi abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo ukuthengisela, uma eliqinisekisiwe umthombo ukusebenzelana nohlaka, futha yokufafaza. Njengoba ngokuzimisela efanele kungabanga ukuqaliswa eziningi manipulations prefabricated ngomusa bayacelwa ilungise oluphelele amathuluzi kanye izesekeli ukuthi Site uhlobo oluthile Thepha nokufakwa.

izidingo Isondlo

isimo Technical uma ingqalasizinda isetshenziswa njalo kumele ihlolwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka. It uhlola amapayipi, risers, imisipha, nokufakwa zezinzwa, imikhono kanye iziqu, umlilo amakhabethe namanye amadivayisi nemishini. Uma kudingekile, abasebenzi ukukhonza wenza umsebenzi yesondlo, ukushintsha bakhathale ingxenye, uvuselela uketshezi lubricating e futha kanye motor ukugxusha yenza izinguquko design.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isimo amanzi uhlelo angase abe nomthelela ongemuhle hhayi kuphela ukusebenza nemililo umsebenzi, kodwa futhi ku ukuphepha kwesakhiwo noma izakhiwo kuxhunywe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi ophezulu umthwalo ngisho ngaphandle usongo umlilo ipayipi wesifunda ungakwazi ezinqumela abaleke ezweni kwakwakhe esilula abangela umonakalo impahla impahla.

Njengoba sihambisana nale umlilo inkonzo amanzi kuthinta ezithinta ezempilo kanye umugqa uqobo. Abasebenzi lokuhlola izinga esiteshini ukudonsa futhi ukuzinza amanzi emthonjeni eyinhloko. Uma kudingeka, nabo yenze izinguquko ukuze ihlangabezane kwemigomo ingcindezi kanye ukukhiqiza imishini ukuze ubone kahle hle ukufanisa izidingo zokuphepha umlilo ngoba inkathi yamanje.

isiphetho

Isihluthulelo yokuqinisekisa yimpumelelo futhi ukusebeza kahle amanzi umlilo inikezwa esigabeni design and ukufakwa umsebenzi. Ochwepheshe ukunquma okunengqondo laying wabuka ngoba amaqhinga ahlukahlukene acabangele hydrants ezingaba, iziteshi uzotshala kanye imigqa namanzi. Uma lezi izigaba wokuzimisela kwenziwe, kungenzeka nomlilo amanzi ukubonisa ukuhambisana neziqondiso emanzini hoxa, futhi nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.

Esikhathini izinga ikusasa ingqalasizinda Thepha kanye nokusebenza kuzoncika nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi siyivikela kanjani le hydrant efanayo ebusika. Ayikho ngaphansi oyingozi futhi imibuzo nge isikhala ezokuthutha. Eduze kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni kanye ukukhiqizwa izakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuhlinzekela yokupaka komlilo izinjini. Okungenani, kufanele uzilungiselele driveways futhi imigwaqo ukuba umthombo oseduze we amanzi kungakhathaliseki isizini.

Kungaba engadingekile ukuhlinzekela amandla ezicashile. Ngokuvamile, esiteshini ukudonsa nge ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo umsebenzi kagesi, ngakho ukuba generator isipele kuzovumela oVikelwe uma kwenzeka esiphuthumayo ayeke ukugeleza wamanje kusuka line isikhungo.