I ukwakheka kwama-molecule futhi Izakhiwo

Emvelweni ama-athomu amaningi akhona ifomu lesibopho, ukwakha inhlanganisela okhethekileyo, obizwa ngokuthi ama-molecule. Nokho, amagesi inert, ulunge kangakanani igama layo, yakha amayunithi monatomic. I yamangqamuzana isakhiwo ndaba ngokuvamile kuhilela covalent izibopho. Kodwa kukhona futhi okuthiwa kunemibandela ekusebenzisaneni ababuthakathaka phakathi kwama-athomu. La ma-molecule kungaba esikhulu, eyakhiwa nezigidi zama-athomu. Likuphi kukhona ukwakheka kwama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ezinjalo? Izibonelo - sebuningini izinto eziphilayo, ezifana amaprotheni DNA quaternary isakhiwo.

ngaphandle amakhemikhali

Covalent izibopho ukuthi ubambe ngokuhlakaza ama-athomu, sinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa izakhiwo ngokomzimba we into incike ngalokhu, bazithukuthelela kuxhomeke van der Waals amabutho ne-hydrogen izibopho, okunikeza nokuxhumana phakathi izakhiwo eduze ka izingcezwana komunye nomunye. I ukwakheka kwama-molecule uketshezi, igesi noma izinto eziqinile legkoplavyaschihsya ichaza isimo wokuhlanganisa, lapho siyibuka ezingeni lokushisa ethile. Ukushintsha isimo ndaba, umane ukufudumeza noma cool. Covalent izibopho is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe.

Imingcele yenqubo isiqalo

okusezingeni eliphezulu noma kanjani amaphuzu ongaphakeme kuyoba gasification futhi ukuncibilika? It kuncike amandla kokusebenzisana aphakathi. Hydrogen izibopho e ketshezi kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa kushintsha isimo ekuhlanganisweni. I emikhulu engqamuzaneni, kulapho van der yabo Waals ekuhlanganyeleni, kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukwenza igesi okuqinile liquid noma uketshezi.

ammonia Izici

Iningi izinto ezaziwayo akuyona ukudicilela encibilikayo nhlobo. Futhi labo namanje chaza, uxhumana, ngokuvamile lapho kumiswa i-hydrogen izibopho entsha. Isibonelo - ammonia. Uyakwazi ukugqashula izibopho hydrogen phakathi molecule yamanzi bese ngempumelelo ukwakha bebodwa. Ngo parallel, ukusabela ion exchange, kodwa ingabe akukhona ukudlala indima enkulu nokuqedwa kwe-ammonia. Ngokuyinhloko ammonia shall hydrogen nguFeliksi le nqubo. Ukusabela kuyafana zombili izinkomba, inqubo ingathatha, ngaphansi lokushisa ethile futhi ingcindezi ngokuvamile kube zilingana. Nezinye izinto encibilikayo, ezifana ethanol kanye noshukela, futhi exhumene kahle c ngamanzi esebenzisa ekuhlanganyeleni aphakathi.

Zikhona ezinye izizatho

Solubility e uketshezi organic inikezwa ngokwakha UVan der Waals izibopho. ukuxhumana Proper kuphela ngaleyo ndlela ubhujiswe. Solute molecule abophezele yona yakha inhlanganisela eyohlobo ngokubukeka. izinqubo eziningi kakhulu ezibalulekile eziye zenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba lezi izakhiwo izinto eziningi eziphilayo.

Toku - akukho

Kungani iningi izinto akusho ukuqhuba ugesi? ukwakheka kwama-molecule ayivumeli! Ukuze ukunyakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa isidingo samanje inqwaba electron, uhlobo "ipulazi" wabo. Yilokhu okwenzekayo in izinsimbi, okungezona izinsimbi kodwa cishe akwenzeki. Ngesikhathi umngcele maqondana izakhiwo Semiconductor izinto kokuba conductivity kuncike imvelo.

A izinqubo eziningi ngokomzimba zingachazwa kalula, uma kukhona ulwazi mayelana ukwakheka kwama-molecule we ketshezi. uthi ezihlanganisiwe kahle kuqondwe physics zanamuhla.