Ubani owabusa ngemva kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna? Izingane Elizaveta Petrovna Romanova

Kukholelwa ukuthi u- tsar wokugcina waseRashiya, u- Nikolai II, wayevela emndenini waseRomanov, okhokho wakhe kwakunguMikhail Romanov, uyise kaPeter Omkhulu. "Kungani kucatshangelwa?" - ngokuqinisekile abaningi bayokubuza. Yebo, ngoba emva kwakhe kwakungekho noPeter I, noJohn V, amakhosi wokugcina kaRus, abashiya inzalo ngqo emadodeni, futhi amandla adlulisela emadodakazini abo noma asevele efika ezinganeni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacindezelayo (u-Anna, u-Elizaveta no-Ekaterina) babusa leli zwe isikhathi eside, bebekhululeka kakhulu emasikweni abo futhi behluleka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lo mbuzo uvela ngobumsulwa begazi lobukhosi kusukela embusweni wokugcina waseRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, siyazi impendulo eqondile yombuzo wokuthi ubani owabusa emva kuka-Elizaveta Petrovna. Yiqiniso, uPeter III (indodana kaPetru Omkhulu, u-Anna Petrovna, noMbusi kaFriedrich Holstein-Gottorp). Kodwa ukuvela kwendodana yakhe, uPaul the First, kwakunamaphuzu amaningi.

Umsuka wedolobha lamaRomanov

Ummeleli wokuqala walo mndeni wasebukhosini unguPatriciar Filaret, naye uFyodor Nikitich (owazalwa ngamakhanda), indodana kaNicita Romanovich. Khona-ke inkosi yamemezelwa uMikhail Fedorovich. Futhi - indodana yakhe u-Alexei Mikhailovich, owayenamadodana amathathu: umdala - uFedor, ophakathi-u-Ivan, omncane - uPeter. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, amandla adluliselwa ezandleni zikaFyodor Alekseevich. Njengoba kuyaziwa emlandweni, uPeter Alekseevich nomfowabo uJohn emva kokufa komfowabo omdala baba ababusi be-throne yaseRussia. Ngoba uJohane wayebuthakathaka kakhulu empilweni futhi cishe akazange aphazamise ekubuseni kwezwe. Noma kunjalo, wayenamadodakazi amahlanu, okuwukuphela kwakhe u-Anna owaba ngumbuso.

Izingane zikaPetru Omkhulu

Le nkosi yayinezingane ezingu-12 ezivela kubafazi ababili (iningi lazo lashona zisencane). Indodana yakhe endala u-Alexei akazange angene esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia, ngoba ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kukababa wakhe wagwetshwa ngokudlwengula futhi wagwetshwa ukufa, kodwa akazange aphile kuze kube yilapho kutholakala isigwebo. Kodwa indodakazi encane futhi ethandekayo kaPetru, u-Elizabeth Petrovna Romanova, yena, nakuba engakaze athathe ifa lesihlalo sobukhosi sikayise, wangena kuqala kumshana wakhe uPeter II (indodana kaZarevich Alexei), wabe eseya kumzala wakhe - u-Anna Ioannovna nomshana wakhe u-Ivan weSithupha (umzukulu wakhe UJohn the Fifth), ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwesigodlo, ekugcineni wakwazi ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi wamemezela ngokwakhe umbusi waseRussia. Ngokusho kwemithombo esemthethweni, wayengenabantwana, nakuba kunezinkolelo eziningi mayelana nenzalo yakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba ngikutshele ukuthi ngubani owabusa ngemva kuka-Elizaveta Petrovna, sizokwazisa nge-biography yoMmpress, kanye nesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe. Kungashiwo ukuthi lokhu kwakunokuthanda, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile emlandweni wesifunda saseRussia. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uzuze kubaba wakhe omkhulu ezinye izici zemvelo, kuhlanganise nothando lwezinguquko.

Ingane ka-Elizabeth

Umakhosikazi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngo-1907 eKolomenskoye. Abazali bakhe babengashadile ngokomthetho, ngakho-ke u-Elizabeth ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi indodakazi kaPetru engekho emthethweni. Noma kunjalo, unyaka ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, inkosi yashada nonina futhi yamgcoba uCatherine the First, namadodakazi akhe amabili anikezwa igama lenkosikazi. U-Elizabeth nodadewabo u-Anna basebenzisa ubuntwana babo e-Winter Palace. Bakhulela ngokunethezeka, bezungezwe yibo bonke abasebenzi bezinceku. Amantombazane athola imfundo nemfundo emangalisayo. Bafunda izilimi: isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane. Wafundiswa ukuziphatha - ikhono lokuziphatha kahle emphakathini ophakeme. Le ndaba yayihlanganisa izifundo zomdanso nezomculo. Amakhosazana amancane ayefundeka kahle, okuhle okwakuseduze kwaba umtapo omkhulu. Lonke lolu lwazi lwalusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka- Elizabeth Petrovna. Lesi sikhathi sasihlukaniswa nemikhosi eminingi eningi kanye namabhola. Kubo abasha abaseMpress babhanya ngamakhono akhe futhi bakhohlisayo abathandi bakhe.

Intsha

U-Elizabeth Petrovna Romanova wayengumuntu ongenakujwayelekile nomfanekiso wesithombe. Ngemuva kwakhe, abaqeqeshi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bathi bafuna ukumshada ngeNkosi yaseFrance Louis XV. Abantu baze bezwa amangahemu mayelana nomshado ozayo wendodakazi yenkosi nomshana wakhe uPeter Alekseevich, indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia, kodwa wakhetha uNkosana Dolgorukaya njengomkakhe. U-Elizabeth waba nesithakazelo sokuzingela, amahhashi, ukugibela izikebhe, futhi wayekhathalela njalo ubuhle bakhe. Futhi akazange aqaphele nokuthi emva kokufa kukaPeter II, isihlalo sobukhosi sadluliselwa kumzala wakhe u-Anna, futhi wayeseneminyaka engu-10 elele ubuthongo (1730-1740). Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka owodwa emva kokufa komzala wakhe, wakhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi bukababa wakhe omkhulu ngenxa yokuncintisana kombuso, futhi ukubusa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna kwafika eRussia.

Umlando wokungena esihlalweni sobukhosi

Ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe, u-Anna Ioannovna wayesehlala umhlalaphansi. Futhi umbusi wangempela wesifunda saseRussia wayenguBiron. Ngemva kokushona kukaMpress, akekho owakhumbula indodakazi kaPeter Omkhulu, kanti umqhele wadluliselwa kumzukulu wakhe wesithupha u-Anna, Ivan the Six, nomama wakhe, u-Anna Leopoldovna, baba yi-regent. Noma kunjalo, amandla aqhubeka ahlala ezandleni zeJalimane elizondwayo. Izikhulu eziningi zaseRussia azijabule ngalesi simiso sezinto, zabeka ithemba labo enkosinikazi futhi zanquma ukuletha ukubusa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna, ngokusungula umbuso wendlu. Ngalezo zinsuku, u-Dr. Lestok nomculo womculo uSwitchz, kanye naso sonke inkampani ye-grenadier ye-Preobrazhensky. Eshisa e-Winter Palace, wazibiza ngokuthi umbusi omusha, futhi u-Ivan nomama wakhe baboshwa. Yilokho u-Elizabeth Petrovna Romanovna (1741-1761) aqala ukubusa futhi njengozala wakhe u-Anna, ulawula iminyaka eyi-10. Phakathi kokubusa kokubili kokucindezelwa komndeni waseRomanov, ukufana okuningi kungadonseka, kodwa okusobala kakhulu ukukhetha. Futhi omunye nomunye wayefisa izinjabulo ezijabulisayo futhi, njengokungumthetho, wavuza abathandekayo babo ngeziqu kanye nezikhundla zombuso. Ngenxa yalokho, umbuso wawubuswa yizintandokazi zabo, ngokungahambisani ngezandla zabo ezingeni lemali.

U-Elizabeth Petrovna nguMpress. Ngokufushane mayelana neminyaka yokubusa kwakhe

Leyo minyaka eyishumi ekhumbulekayo, lapho iRussia eyabusa khona u-Elizabeth, ngoba leli zwe laba nenjongo futhi lithela. Wamemezela kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ukuthi uzoqhubeka nokufundela ubaba wakhe omkhulu. Ngakho kwaba njalo. Kamuva izazi-mlando zazibheka izinyathelo zakhe njengemizamo yokuqala yokukhanyisa i-absolutism. Kwakuyi-sikhathi lapho amabhange aseKupechesky, Noblesse (Loan) naseMedny (State) asekelwa khona eRussia. Isijeziso sokufa saqedwa , izikhungo zemfundo zezempi zahlelwa kabusha, inethiwekhi yezikole eziyinhloko yanda, izikhungo zokuzivocavoca zavulwa emadolobheni amakhulu aseRussia. Ngelinye igama, ngokufika kuka-Elizabeth, ukukhanya kwaqala.

I-Merits kwi-Fatherland

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo ezweni kwenzeka - ukusungulwa kweMoscow University. Umsunguli wayo wayengenye yezintandokazi zakhe - I. Shuvalov. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, i-Academy of Arts yavulwa. Ngaleso sikhathi ososayensi abasha, abavelele kunazo zonke uMnuz Lomonosov, banikezwa ukusekelwa kwezwe, njll. Ngamafuphi, uma kwakungekhona ukuxhomeka ezintandweni, izintandokazi zomlando zika-Elizabeth Petrovna ziyoba ngenye yezinto ezigqamile phakathi kwababusi baseRussia. Konke okubalwe ngenhla kusebenza ohlangothini olungokomoya, kodwa ohlelweni lwezinto ezibonakalayo eminyakeni yokubusa kwalesi sihlalo sobukhosi yabonakala ngokudalwa kwezinto zobuciko, ezakhiwe kabusha noma ezakhiwe kabusha. Ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwafaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezingcweti eziphezulu ezweni. Lokho kwakuyiminyaka yokubusa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna. Izakhiwo zalesi sikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi amakhophi ka-Elizabethan baroque. Phakathi neminyaka yokubusa kwakhe, kwakukhona nokunqoba okukhulu kwezempi, kuze kufike ekunqobeni iBerlin. Kungenzeka kube nezinye izenzakalo eziningi, ukufa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna kuphela kwakuwukuqala kwenkathi entsha emlandweni waseRussia.

UPetru Owesithathu

Njengoba ubona, inkathi yokubusa kwendodakazi kaPetru Omkhulu yayinezinqola eziningi ezinamandla. Izindlu eziningi zasebukhosini zaseYurophu zazikhathazeka ngamandla okukhula eMbusweni waseRussia, ngakho-ke ukufa kuka-Elizaveta Petrovna kwamkelwa yibo bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi abameli beBrandenburg House, njengesimangaliso esasiwe ezulwini. Phela, wayebhekwa engenabantwana, ngakho-ke akazange ashiye izindlalifa zakhe. UPeter III - owabusa ngemva kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna, wayengumshana wakhe, indodana kadadewabo omdala u-Anna nombusi kaKarl-Peter Ulrich Holstinsky. Ngelinye igama, ngemuva kwalo igatsha lamaRomanovs empeleni laliphazanyiswa. Yiqiniso, esikhathini esizayo indlalifa yayihamba ngegazi lomkhulu wakhe okhazimulayo, kodwa wayeyilungu le-Holstein futhi wayeyindodana eqondile yeduna likaFrederick I, inkosi yaseDanish. Kodwa mayelana nemvelaphi yomlandeli wesihlalo sobukhosi saseRussia, uPaul the First, kwakukhona amahemuhemu amaningi.

Izingane zika-Elizaveta Petrovna ziphakathi kwezindlovu zezigodlo

Mhlawumbe, labo abangazazi isimo esivela enkantolo yaseRussia phakathi nekhulu le-18 bayakumangala: yiziphi izinzalo abakhuluma ngazo lapho uMmpress engenazingane futhi engashadile. Noma kunjalo, konke akuyona into engavamile. Abadayisi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umbusi ngaphambi kokuba angene esihlalweni sobukhosi, wayesemshadweni wesonto nomalusi wase-Ukraine u-Alexei Rozum, kamuva owabeka igama likaPresident Razumovsky. Futhi ukuqhubeka kwalendzaba kwakuyizingane zika-Elizabeth Petrovna. Nakuba lezi ziyizinkolelo kuphela, futhi akukho bufakazi obukhona. Kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe emphakathini, kwaqhubeka kubonakala abakhohlisi, ababezibiza ngokuthi izindlalifa zakhe.

Indodana ka-Elizabeth

Ngendlela, amahemuhemu ayesezungeza igama likaPrince Pavel owokuQala. Egcekeni kwakukhona inhlebo evamile mayelana nokuthi uyindodana ka-Elizabeth Petrovna. Lezi zindaba zaphakanyiswa izingxoxo ezaphakathi kukaPeter III nomkakhe uCatherine ezingakaze zibe nobuhlobo bomshado. Yiqiniso, ingane ingakhulelwa kusuka komunye wabathandi bekhanda elizayo, kodwa isimo sengqondo esiyingqayizivele sombusi olawulayo "kumzukulu wakhe" sagxilisa lezi zinkulumo. Ngeshwa, ezinsukwini zika-Elizabeth Petrovna kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuhlolwa kofuzo, ngakho-ke lokhu kwaqhubeka kuyimfihlakalo kubo bonke abantu.

Princess Tarakanova

Kusukela emlandweni, abaningi bayazi ukuthi emva kokufa kuka-Elizabeth eSt. Petersburg kwavela intombazane ethile eyazibiza ngokuthi indodakazi yakhe, nokuthi kamuva waboshwa nguCatherine II ePeter noPaul Fortress. Esigabeni seTrtyakov kukhona isithombe somdwebi odumile uKonstantin Flavitsky, obizwa ngokuthi "iNkosikazi iTarakanov". Kodwa kungani intombazane yayigqoke leli gama? Futhi uma beyindodakazi kaMpress, ngabe u-Elizabeth Petrovna Romanova onjalo? Izingane zakhe kuthiwa zikhulelwe ngu-Alexei Razumovsky (umyeni wakhe ongumama morganist) noma omunye wabazalwane baseShuvalov. Ngakho kungani uTarakanov? Ngokwamanye amahemuhemu kwelinye idolobha laseSwitzerland lafunda umshana u-Alexei Razumovsky, owathola imfundo evela kumgcinimafa kahulumeni. Babegqoka igama elithi Daragan. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi babe nezimpande zaseRussia, babizwa ngokuthi iTarakanovs eSwitzerland. Futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCatherine II enkantolo kwavela u-Princess Elizaveta Vladimirovskaya futhi wamemezela ukuthi uyindodakazi ka-Elizaveta Petrovna no-Alexei Razumovsky. Akazange azibize ngokuthi uTarakanova. Leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa encwadini yakhe yi-diplomat waseFrance uJean Henri Custer.

Byl noma legend?

Ngokuyinhloko, ulwazi u-Elizabeth ayenalo lwezingane ezingekho emthethweni lungase luhambelane neqiniso. Phela, ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhetha kanye nemikhuba yamahhala enkantolo yaseRussia, ama-bastards (ama-bastards) ayengavamile, kodwa kunokuvamile. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezinsana kwakungokwesiko ukunikeza imali encane ukugcina izinceku, kangcono endaweni ethile e-backwoods. Ngezinye izikhathi umndeni okhulile wawungazi nokuthi ingane yakhe ikhula eduze nobani, igazi layo elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka eligeleza emithanjeni yakhe. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sabantwana baseMpress, kusobala ukuthi abafisa ukunikela ngezandla ezingaziwa futhi basebenzise umama wabo emgqeni wabazali. Ngale ndlela, izindabakwane mayelana nenzalo yobukhosi azikhulumi ngendodakazi eyodwa nendodana eyodwa, futhi cishe izingane ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle komlando weChristine Elizabeth Tarakanova, ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCatherine, kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi enye indodakazi yoMpress wangaphambilini okuthiwa u-Dosifei inqotshwe ngokuphoqa futhi yafakwa ejele laseNovospassky.

Pavel Okokuqala

Uma uhlola isizukulwane sobuhlanga babusi bomndeni waseRomanov, ungabona obusa ngemva kuka-Elizaveta Petrovna. Kwakhona, wayengumshana wakhe, indodana kadadewabo ka-Anna, uPeter the Third. Ngandlela-thile, phakathi kweziqu zakhe eziningi ubizwa ngokuthi "umzukulu kaPeter the Great." Kuyaziwa futhi emlandweni ukuthi akazange ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRashiya. Umkakhe, indodakazikazi yaseJalimane uSophia Augusta, owaba ngumbhapathizo kaCatherine, ngokushesha wamqothula futhi waba umbusi oyedwa waseRussia, empeleni, ethembele ekusizeni abathandekayo bakhe abaningi. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umqhele nesihlalo sobukhosi sidluliselwa endodaneni yakhe, uPaul the First. Kodwa-ke, umsuka wakhe wangempela, ngakho-ke umsuka wabaphathi bamaRashiya abalandela, usaziwa.