Isigodlo linemibhikisho - enkathini okuyimfihlakalo Empire Russian

XVIII leminyaka emlandweni Russian - inkathi lwesigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso. Ngenxa ukufa Petra Velikogo waqala isikhathi ziyakhathazeka lapho wonke umuntu wayelwela amandla. Isigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso Elizabeth waba uphawu zezikhathi uCatherine Omkhulu, nabanye ababusi isikhathi.

Kube yini imbangela yalezi zenzakalo? Yibona imicimbi elandelayo:

• esinqumweni Petra Velikogo ku indlela entsha ngokulandelana;
• ezikhulayo babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini;
• umbango phakathi kwamaqembu yizikhonzi;
• ngokungabi bikho intando uPetru okuthiwa umlandeli wakhe;
• nokuqinisa umsebenzi Labaqaphi;
• ingxenye enkulu bamazwe angaphandle.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke amasu okugumbuqela imibuso esigodlweni kwekhulu le-18 senzeka ngosizo onogada. Iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-80 eminyakeni, Russia has njalo ukuzwa igama elisha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umbusi ngempela ezingalindelekile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi wavakashela ezingaphezu kweyodwa lwamakhosi. Njengoba savela njengoba kwezikhathi lezi zenzakalo?

Eyokuqala Ukuketulwa etat senzeka ngo 1725. Ngase enyukela umfazi sobukhosi kaPetru mina, okwathi ngemva wayelinda okuthiwa uCatherine I. wokubusa kwakhe bebumfishane, futhi ibhodi ayikwazi ukuyibiza: zonke izinto wagijima umuntu owayejwayelene kakhulu Peter A. Menshikov.

Eyesibili esigodlweni Icebo lika ngemva kokufa iNdlovukazi. Ngo 1727 eqala ukubusa , uPetru II, okuyinto Lwenziwe ngamandla isifo A.Menshikova, futhi ngokushesha ekudingisweni kwakhe. Ukufa zisencane uPetru II kuholele yesithathu esigodlweni lokuketula uhulumeni 1730. Ukuze amandla Umshana uPetru mina Anna Ioannovna. Izimpawu isikhathi sakhe phathelana ngobugebengu isimo futhi "Biron" - lezi izimo yaqala ngaphansi okuyinto ukubusa.

Isigodlo linemibhikisho ukuthi kakade wayesenezinsuku angenanhlonipho, kodwa wokubusa kuqhathaniswa eside-Anne, oneminyaka engu-10, wamangaza izakhamuzi isimo.

Ngo 1740, wafika amandla Anna Leopoldovna futhi Ivan Vi. Lokhu lwamakhosi kuxazululwe phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi Russian esingaphansi konyaka. Okubizwa ngokuthi Brunswick lwamakhosi kwaholela ushintsho olukhulu, ngemva kwalokho amandla ngesikhathi ehloniphekile iza Elizaveta Petrovna. Isigodlo linemibhikisho - ushintsho kubabusi, ukwakha itulo, ukubulala kanye nokuntuleka bubele umbusi. Ngo 1741 kuthathela kokubusa iminyaka engu-amabili indodakazi uPeter Omkhulu sika-Elisabethe. Wakujabulela isithunzi kwamasosha kanye namaqembu zayo. Elizabeth kuletha wokubusa kwakhe ukuqhubeka nesiko kayise. Lona kwempahla isimo Russian. Elizabeth kunesithembiso izinguquko eziningana ukuthi usimamise isimo jikelele kuleli zwe.

Ngemva wayelindele ukufa Elizabeth sobukhosi owalandela obufanele ingena uPetru III. Ukubusa kwakhe kwaba okuseshwa.

Ngo 1762 ke eyenziwa omunye etat Ukuketulwa, lapho ukusetha isikhathi uCatherine Omkhulu. Isigodlo linemibhikisho wawushabalele, kodwa eziningi zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kuka-Alexander I ukuze yochungechunge olufanayo imicimbi. Kodwa lokhu ngenkathi ehlukile nesikhathi ezahlukene, ne nezimbangela zabo futhi izimfanelo.

Isigodlo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso waba nomhlobiso umlando isiRashiya, nazo zonke unya yayo. Naphezu kwakho konke ohlangothini negative, siba Petersburg ngomusa izakhiwo awo amakhulu nasemigwaqweni. Sithole Academy of Arts, University of eMoscow, kanye imisebenzi Lomonosov okukhulu. Yingakho amasu okugumbuqela imibuso esigodlweni - uphawu Russia yasebukhosini.