Ancient Egypt: emnothweni, izici zayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa

Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye impucuko of Ancient Egypt lasendulo wachuma kakhulu. Umnotho ngalesi simo ukhule futhi athuthukiswe. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola elinye izwe lasendulo, okwakuyoholela sezithathe isikhathi eside kangaka.

izimo Good ukuze uhlalwe abantu, abacebile amaminerali, umhlaba kanye nezinkukhu - ukuthi kwaba isisekelo somnotho yaseGibithe lasendulo. Bona Kamuva lahlangana okuhweba nezentengiselwano. Kodwa ukuphishekela ukuzinza, thiya kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa, nakuba kwaba lishesha kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.

izimo ezikahle sokukhula komnotho

Ngokuvamile, njengesibonelo salokho umphakathi wasendulo wabeka Ancient Egypt. Umnotho athuthukile kwayo sendaweni ekahle. Neil enikwe iziqiniseko ezidingekile ukuze abantu bahlale kuwo kusukela ineminyaka Stone. River amanzi lithwalwe ngazo amaminerali nemifino yl. Ngakho-ke, kule ndawo kuye kwaba inhlabathi evundile njalo, abanayo ukuba kuqhutshekwe kusetshenzwe.

5 zeminyaka edlule, isimo sezulu Afrika kwaba ezinomswakama ezingaphezu kuka-ke namhlanje. Kule ndaba, nezilwane kulesi sigodi Nile kwaba acebile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha izimo zokuphila kunikela umphakathi. Yavela kanjalo-ke izinkomo. A inhlabathi evundile kwenza ukuba ukuthuthukisa ezolimo.

AbaseGibithe ufunde okusheshayo, babesebenzisa asele yabalingisi amathuluzi nezikhali wazenza ngethusi. Nokho, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa komnotho awutholi ke. Iqiniso ukuthi Nile ngokuhambisana zonyaka futhi igcwalise engajulile. Ngakho-ke, ngomzamo, abaseGibhithe bawabona ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwayo wokunisela. Bemba bashone amachibi lapho amanzi aqoqana ngesikhathi izikhukhula iNayile. Bese ukuyisebenzisa ngaphansi wokunisela.

Ukuvela umphakathi ophucukile kanye nomthelela wakhona emnothweni

izwe lasendulo likhona iminyaka cishe 3,000, futhi umlando, yebo, yena Useke wadlula izinguquko eziningi. Umsuka impucuko yaqala ngo elibangise eNhla neGibhithe. Ngemva kokuthi Kancane kancane wawuvula enyakatho. Ngonyaka ka-3000 BC. e. Egypt matasa esigodini iNayile. Emhlabeni emfuleni futhi wagxila ezimpilweni zabantu.

Ngenxa izimo omuhle kakhulu emnothweni we ngempucuko yasendulo yaseGibithe yavuleka. sokuvuna Rich zomhlaba, kungenzeka usebenzisa yesimanje ngaleso sikhathi, izindlela ukulawula amanzi isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona imikhiqizo yezolimo - konke lokhu kubangelwa ukukhula. On ethathwe imisebenzi yokuhweba kusho esakhiwe ahlukile nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu isikhathi. Amathempeli imibhoshongo ecijile isekhona ajabulise izingqondo. Ososayensi abasuke bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqonda ukuthi i ngempucuko yasendulo eyakhelwe kubo.

Umphakathi lahlukaniswa laba izakhamuzi elite, livamile. Nokho, inkululeko isenzo lapha wayemude kakhulu ukwedlula kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu Amasosha ungase mihlaba sokudonsa. Wabe ukudlulisa ukuba ukusetshenziswa umphakathi, eyodwa isosha ngalinye wathola umklomelo.

Izimpumelelo impucuko - ziningi, ezisukela kokusungulwa zibhalwe futhi kokuqeda isimiso sokwahlulela.

Izici umnotho

Ngenxa tisimu Egypt zigcine zihluleka ukufinyelela sonke isikhathi ngokokuqala ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu ukwenza umsebenzi izikebhe adalwe ezihlukahlukene kumadivayisi esisebenzayo. Kufanele futhi wazi khona imihlobiso. Kwakungafanele bazikhohlwe zonke, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa netingcweti temsebenti.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimo elawulwa ngokugcwele ezweni, abantu abasebenzela kuzo, babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli khulula. Ubugqila ngokwayo wayengekho. Uma umuntu enza okuthile okungalungile noma akazuzi lizwe, wayenomthwalo wokusingatha noma. Uhlelo zokwahlulela umthwalo ngomsebenzi walo aphathiswa kuFaro, into yomntakabani.

Isayensi nayo asathuthuka. Ososayensi ukudala ngokubhala, ukutadisha ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, ukuze bayakwazi ukudala ikhalenda. Kukhona futhi amanothi zezibalo kanye wezokwelapha, wathola lapho bemba.

Izici umnotho Ancient Egypt sika walala yokuthi analeli yizigaba. Ngamunye isakhiwo somphakathi, ezifana abalimi, ababazi noma abapristi bawenze kahle umsebenzi wabo ethize. Ngakho ukwenza umsebenzi ngamunye ohlelweni impucuko kwezomnotho.

Umthelela imishini yempi emnothweni

Izwe ngalinye kudingeka ivikelwe. Ikakhulukazi, ezifana empucukweni ephambili naseGibhithe lasendulo. Umnotho ngalesi simo ukumelana okuningi ngosizo ibutho. UFaro yena waqiniseka ukuthi imishini yayo kwaba kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Empini esetshenziswa imicibisholo, imikhonto, izihlangu futhi uyavikela, izakhiwo ezikhethekile ephathekayo eyenziwe ohlakeni lokhuni futhi welulela isilwane izikhumba.

Ngemva ubunye laseGibithe 3000 BC. e. ibutho empeleni ngayeka ukudla okuyingxenye ekunqotshweni ezweni. Okuqukethwe kwalo igxile isivikelo abahlaseli isitha, futhi babebaningi. Ngakho-ke, umnotho okhulayo kancane kancane, njengoba ababazi, abathengisi, abahwebi, abasebenzi wezolimo, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izitha ngeke baphazamiseke. Akekho owaba nesibindi ukuhlasela impucuko oluqinile.

Ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho

Kukholakala ukuthi despotism empumalanga ichaza lonke Ancient Egypt. Ezomnotho nezepolitiki atehlukaniseki, futhi lokhu awasebenzi kuphela endulo. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla elite wezwe bephoqeleka ukuya izinyathelo kakhulu ukuze kube nesiqiniseko sokuthi kunokuthula esiphezulu. Futhi kulesisenzo, Ukuvikelwa ezempi kanye ukuhweba khulula hhayi kuphela.

Umnotho iqala ukuba imvelo umphakathi womhlaba wonke. Ukuphila kwabantu akuvunyelwe elibukhali, kukhona kuqala ubushiqela emhlabeni. Yonke imikhiqizo kanye imikhiqizo oluqanjwe abantu, akuvunyelwe ezilawulwayo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukuzinza, ngoba akekho bangase bakwazi ukwamukela adlulela ngayo ngalé kwalokho kuvunyelwe. Umphakathi ibaluleke kakhulu, akukho mkhaya abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwazo. Kukhona isimo reverse.

Ukuqalekela ukuzinza kakhulu behlisa emnothweni. Uma ekuqaleni selukhulile ngokushesha, manje ngimi namanje. Kodwa ngisho ngakho, uma iqhathaniswa nayo emazweni angomakhelwane, iGibhithe lalithumela kakhulu athuthukile.

commerce Izici

Cishe maphakathi okuyothi njalo kulandelwa izindlela nendlwana, waba eGibhithe lasendulo. Trade Kancani kancani asathuthuka, kokubili wakuleli nakwamanye amazwe. imikhiqizo ehlukene zazithuthwa abantu emfuleni iNayile, kwaba ushibhile aziyise endaweni efanele. Ngaphakathi kuleli zwe, edolobheni benana izimpahla ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwawo, njengoba komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali wayengakamazi khona. Ngemva kwalokho, kukhona okulingana nemali yokuqala - deben. Kwaba kancane ethusi, okuyinto eyabangela lonke uhlelo ukuhlola ukubaluleka izimpahla.

Trade phakathi kwamazwe kuye kwaba kuka esisemthethweni. ababusi yezwe banikezwe izipho ezihlukahlukene lapho Nazo zaphendula ngendlela efanayo. Okusho ukuthi, akukho exchange intengo izigaba.

Ngemva ukubonakala ohlelweni yemali wadala yonke uhambo uya ngaseningizimu, ukuze uthole imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele. Lokhu amazinyo endlovu, nentshe izimpaphe negolide. Ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo enjalo iye yaletha waseGibhithe kuze kufike phezulu uchungechunge ukuhweba, okwayinika izinzuzo zezombangazwe nezomnotho eyayisikhona eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

izici Isici umGibhithe kwezomnotho imodeli ukuthuthukiswa

Uma sicabanga ngokuthi imodeli osempumalanga yeGibhithe lasendulo, emnothweni kanye nomnotho ke izonqunywa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Ukungabi lobugqila zokuziphatha. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinceku wasebenza phezu faro eyakhelwe mbhoshongo yakhe umusa ezweni lakhe. Eqinisweni, sisebenzela futhi abakhululekile, Baphinda njengendlela intela ukuze isimo.
2. Umhlaba Akazange ayigqoke imvelo yangasese. It is ngokugcwele akahulumeni. Nokho, isivuno sesenyukele ku wakhe elite hhayi obusayo, kodwa futhi abasebenzi abavamile.
3. Isimo ukuthi kulinganiswa despotism. Lalibizwa ngokuthi empumalanga ebugqilini umphakathi, kodwa kuphela ngoba izifundo wayengenamalungelo phambi kukaFaro into yomntakabani.
4. Ukuzabalaza kwemiphakathi. Riots futhi wavukela ayembalwa, futhi kwezinye izindawo bengekho nhlobo.

Zonke lezi zici ziye zaba nethonya elihle emnothweni wezwe, bona ingahluphi nentuthuko.

ukuchuma waseGibhithe

Ngesisekelo umnotho wezolimo, ikakhulukazi - ezolimo. Khula ngezilimo ezihlukahlukene. yasetshenziswa amathuluzi Ukulima, kodwa zazizimbi lapha. Okokuqala zazenziwe Silicon ke esikhundleni sensimbi.

Amadlelo nezindawo ngelungiselelo yabo kwakunganele, ngakho izinkomo wawumncane. Nokho, ekuthuthukisweni komnotho welizwe lasendulo Egypt nalo abathintekayo. Population ezifuywa izilwane ndlela bazizwa ngempela ukhululekile ezimweni stabling.

Ukuchuma nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ekuqaleni we yokusansimbi. amathuluzi ezazenziwe ngethusi nomthofu, kanye nethusi eliningi elingenakulinganiswa ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izikhali nezinto zokuhloba. Kamuva yensimbi livela. Kodwa wabulawa aphathwe njengomuntu ensimbini eyigugu.

Kutfutfukisa lizinga njengoba izikebhe. Kukhona ithuba ucwaningo lwesayensi. Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa komnotho Selilonke kusenesikhathi, kuthuthukisa ukukhula ukuhweba.

isiphetho

Ngakho, kukhona isimo eziphambili ngaphezulu wasendulo kunokuba eGibhithe lasendulo. Umnotho ke kancane ezikhulayo ngenxa kuphatsa lokukahle, isimo esivumayo, evundile futhi, yebo, ezombusazwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni eliholwa uFaro akhethwe kobushiqela nabantu kuleli zwe uzizwe kahle ngokwanele. Iningi lawo abantu mahhala, kodwa ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba ngincome isimo usizo emzimbeni. Nokho, ngenxa yalokhu eduze Nile esakhiwe amathempeli imibhoshongo - eliyingqayizivele ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa, minyaka yonke yokulima izwe, kwakufanele kutsengisa zimpahla. Ayikho enye impucuko ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa isethi efanayo namathuluzi ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka.