I zo yaseGrisi yasendulo. I zo eziyisikhombisa yaseGrisi yasendulo

Ukuhlakanipha nolwazi bebelokhu ayazise cishe zonke zomphakathi. Futhi into nje ifa ulwazi, futhi ikhono esifanele bakwenze. Yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlakanipha. Njengoba iwumthombo isiko European ubhekwa Hellas. Kule ndaba, akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu zo yamaGreki asendulo kubhekwe ngowokuqala abachitha ukukhanya yokufunda ebumnyameni ngenkathi izizwe ngaphezulu Izwe Elidala. Ubizwa okubangelwa kubo nokumisa zanqwabelana kuze kube yilapho isintu nakho futhi ukugcwaliseka kwaso Ngokwesibonelo ngokuphila kwakhe.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye bazama ukugqamisa abameleli esivelele kunazo zonke esintwini. Okuningi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuqondwe ebizwa ngokuthi zo eziyisikhombisa ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, umuntu ngesiphakamiso sokuba amaGreki kwadingeka lemali enkulu kakhulu yolwazi. Le mali awuzange ekhethwe ithuba. Inani 'eziyisikhombisa "linencazelo engengcwele zenkolo. Kodwa uma inombolo Geniuses ayizange ithuthuke, amagama abo kwashintshwa kuncike isikhathi kanye nendawo ukudweba phezulu kuhlu. Siye ngasinda ezinye izinketho wakhe, okuyinto avele abahlakaniphileyo eGrisi lasendulo.

uhlu uPlato

Ngokusho yetinsita le zo eziyisikhombisa yaseGrisi yasendulo abizwa ngegama e-Athens ngesikhathi archon Damas e 582 BC. e. I yokuqala nosaziwayo kakhulu uhlu esekhona, wamshiya BC IV leminyaka. e. sefilosofi omkhulu uPlato e inkhulumomphendvulwano wakhe "Protagoras". Ngubani kulolu hla, futhi edumile zo eziyisikhombisa zaseGrisi lasendulo?

Thales laseMilethu (640 -. 546 BC)

Thales wayengomunye izazi zefilosofi lokuqala lasendulo kanye umsunguli we okuthiwa Ionian School. Wazalwa emzini eMilethu, elise -Asia Minor, ukuthi ensimini ka Turkey yesimanje, lapho efika isidlaliso sakhe. Ngaphezu nefilosofi, eye ulwazi olukhethekile kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi-geometry, ngokutadisha ifa labaseGibhithe izazi yaseMesophothamiya. It is udumo division of ikhalenda lonyaka ezingu-365. Ngeshwa, yonke imicabango kanye namazwi Thales laseMilethu beza kithi kuphela emibhalweni zefilosofi kamuva.

Solon lase Athens laligcwele izithixo (640 - 559 BC.)

Solon - edumile Athene sefilosofi, imbongi kanye lesishaya. Ngokusho yetinsita wafika evela ohlwini lozalo luka bobukhosi Kodridov, kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo, abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya abantu abahola ongaphakeme. Khona-ke Solon ngakwazi ukwenza imali eshisiwe, bese baba ezinethonya kunazo sibalo zezombusazwe e-Athens. Kuthathwa ungumdali imithetho yeningi ukuthi kukhona cishe enjalo kule edolobheni eyathatha emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe ngokuzithandela wasuka amandla. Solon futhi kakhulu baziswa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe ngokuthi imbongi kanye wayecabangisisa. On umbuzo Lydian yinkosi uCroesus, Solon ukuthi umuntu ungcono uyazi, isazi sefilosofi Athene waphendula ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kuphela yahlulelwe ngemva kokufa.

Bias ka Priene (590 -. Iminyaka 530 BC)

Bias kuyinto sibalo Ayindida nangaphezu kwabo bonke abanye, abantu abahlakaniphile yaseGrisi yasendulo mhlawumbe. Ngempilo yakhe kangako. Wayengumuntu yijaji emzini Priene, okuyinto baduma ngenxa izinqumo zakhe ezihlakaniphile, futhi uma ngisho nisindiswe edolobheni ekhaya we Lydian yinkosi Alliata. Kodwa lapho ikhaya lakhe ngilinqobile umbusi wasePheresiya uKoresi, Bias kwadingeka balishiye leli dolobhana, ayikho into ngaphandle kokuthatha.

Pittacus Mitilensky (651 - 569 BC.)

Pittacus kwaba abadumile esikweyoku umkhuzi nombusi Asia idolobha Minor ka Mytilene. Tiranobortsa wathola udumo ukukhulula edorobheni lekhabo kusukela kobushiqela Melanhra. Futhi it is njengenhlangano lesishaya oluvelele ezaziwayo. dictum yakhe ukuthi nakanjani ncisheka cha phikisana, ngisho nonkulunkulu kakhulu kakhulu zenani, njengabanye aphorisms ka zo yaseGrisi yasendulo. Ngokuzithandela wasula amandla.

Zonke ongqondongqondo ngenhla nezazi zefilosofi kufakwe ohlwini zo eziyisikhombisa yaseGrisi yasendulo ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Labo bazoba ukukhuluma ngezansi, elahlanganiswa version kaPlato ohlwini amadoda amakhulu emaphethelweni eGrisi bese ezinye compilers. Noma kunjalo, wathola akubona bonke uhlu Senziwe zo eziyisikhombisa yaseGrisi yasendulo kuthiwa.

Cleobulus kusukela Linda (540 - 460 BC)

Cleobulus ngokusho version babevela Linda ukuthi eRodu, futhi okwesibili - of Caria e-Asia Minor. Uyise wayengumGreki Evagor, okwakuthiwa ayeyinzalo ka Heracles. Yena wathola udumo njengoba ohlakaniphile futhi Planner, akhe ithempeli Linde wakha ipayipi lamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Cleobulus adumile njengoba wengoma kanye puzzle elihlakaniphile. Indodakazi yakhe Cleobulina futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe zefilosofi ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu.

Missoni kusukela Hen (VI BC.)

Missoni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyise wayengumGreki umbusi Henah noma Itii, abakhethiwe yena impilo elokuthula ucabangisisa wesazi sefilosofi, kude isixuku madding. edume kakhulu njengoba umlobi we amazwi ezinkulu, ezinye zazo gade ofanele ukungena inombolo 7 amazwi abahlakaniphileyo eGrisi lasendulo. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi wawuhlanganisiwe uhlu lwabantu kaPlato ezihlakaniphe ngezizathu zezombangazwe.

Chilo ka Sparta (VI BC.)

Chilo - edumile imbongi Spartan futhi lesishaya. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi Ephorus. Ehhovisi nomthelela ukwethulwa kwemithetho eminingi eqhubekayo Kamuva isibaluli Lycurgus. It Chilo, ngokuvumelana besikhathi, wayegcwele kunencazelo ejulile, kodwa kwahluka ukushaya emhloleni, isici sobuntu iningi iSparta. It kuthiwa wenziwa kuye ethi mayelana nabantu abafile ungakhulumi okubi.

Uhlu uDiogenes Laertius

Ngaphandle uhlu kaPlato ohlwini esaziwa kakhulu, okubandakanya zo eziyisikhombisa ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, isazi-mlando ovelele wefilosofi uDiogenes Laertius, owayehlala cishe ngasekupheleni-II ekuseni III ekhulwini. BC Ukuphela komehluko owawukhona kulolu hlu kusuka eyedlule ukuthi, esikhundleni Missoni sifaka zikamashiqela aseKorinte Periander. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa Yilolu uhlu yokuqala, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uDiogenes babephila iminyaka eminingi nakakhulu kamuva uPlato. Lokhu indida alichaza iqiniso lokuthi wamuva ngoba ukungamukeleki yayo dlova, angase ayifakiwe uhlu Periander, futhi zihlanganisa Missoni iimsebenzi eyaziwa kancani. UDiogenes futhi emsebenzini wakhe wasebenzisa umthombo ngaphezulu lasendulo.

Amagama lonke abahlakaniphileyo ayafana kuwo womabili uhlu.

Periander laseKorinte (667 - 585 BC.)

Periander, umbusi waseKorinte, mhlawumbe - sibalo impikiswano kunawo wonke zo eziyisikhombisa eGrisi lasendulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, it is ngokumangalisayo khumbulani, umsunguli wayengumuntu omkhulu nomakhi, ithuthukiswe udonse ukunqamula kulesi siqephu sezwe uhlukanisa nhlonhlo Peloponnesian esuka ezwekazini, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwakha therethrough siteshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Periander axhasa ezobuciko ngokwezimali, futhi kakhulu kwaqinisa ibutho, esangenza eKorinte avuke kunanini ngaphambili. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi-mlando zichaza kuye njengoba ejwayelekile nje ngomashiqela angaba nonya kangako, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ebhodini yesibili.

Ngokusho yetinsita Periander wafa kulokho Wayengakwazi ukubekezelela kokushona kwendodana yakhe, okungakho walahla ke.

nolunye uhlu

Izinhlu zabanye abalobi ahlale amagama ingashintshiwe kuphela Thales ka Solon, Bias futhi Pittacus. Ubuntu omunye zo ingahluka futhi kuhluke kakhulu kusuka izinguqulo ezimbili zakudala.

Acusilaus (VI BC leminyaka.) - mlando Hellenic uHerodotus abaphila ngaphambi. Ngu umsuka Dorian. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze ivela kuye umsebenzi zomlando ekuqaleni lalotshwa temibhalo yephrozi.

Anaxagoras (500 - 428 BCE ...) - sefilosofi nesezibalo eyaziwa e-Asia Minor. Futhi wayekwenza astronomy. Ngazama ukumchazela ukuthi isakhiwo yonke.

Anaharsis (605 - 545 BC.) - esikweyoku umSkithe. Ngase mathupha Solon kanye Lydian yinkosi uCroesus. Wabhekisa isixhazululo le armature okusunguliwe, oseyili futhi isondo a sombumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Anacharsis liyaziwa amazwi ako ezibalulekile. Wabulawa amaSkithe ngoba bamukela imikhuba Hellenic. Iqiniso ukhona Ufakwa umbuzo ososayensi abaningi.

Pythagoras (570 - 490 BC.) - sefilosofi esidumile isiGreki geometry. Kuye kuthiwa wenziwa theorem abadumile mayelana nokulingana engele ngendlela unxantathu kwesokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto umsunguli esikoleni zefilosofi, kamuva wathatha igama Pythagorean. Wabulawa nokuguga ngukufa kwakhe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwalabo ezilotshwe zo ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, ungabiza amagama Forekida Aristodemus uLina Ephorus, Lhasa,-Epimenides, Leofanta, kaPamphilus, Epicharmus ka Kos, Pisistratus futhi Orpheus.

Izimiso afakwe ohlwini

It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi uhlu wongqondongqondo amadoda amaGreki kuhlanganisiwe abameleli izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi, kodwa iningi lazo babe zefilosofi. Nakuba, empeleni, isihloko bakwazi ukuhlanganisa nomunye umsebenzi obalulekile - ekutadisheni nezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi, isayensi yemvelo, isimo-elawulwa. Nokho, cishe bonke isayensi ngaleso sikhathi kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nefilosofi.

Lezi zinhlu zingasisiza nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu futhi zingahluka kusuka okuthiwa izinguqulo ezimbili classical. Ngezindlela eziningi amagama athile kufakwe kubo, ancike nendawo yokuhlala futhi inhlangano yombusazwe we umsunguli. Ngakho, uPlato ngokusobala, ngoba lezi izizathu ayifakiwe zo enkulu yezithunjwa zikamashiqela ingakwazi aseKorinte Periander.

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi amaGreki ukwethula ohlwini ongqondongqondo ezinkulu. Kube ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa nokuthile abameleli bezinye izizwe, njenge-yaqala umSkithe Anacharsis.

Ukubaluleka isihloko namuhla

Yiqiniso, ngomzamo ukugqamisa amaGreki phakathi abamele evelele kunazo zonke futhi uzihlele ingenye ngqa ezweni lasendulo. Ngokutadisha kulolu hlu, singakwazi ukusho ukuthi izimfanelo siqu kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni lasendulo futhi lihlotshaniswa ngokuhlakanipha. Kubalulekile ukuba uzijwayeze lezi imibono yamaGreki, ukuze bakwazi kubuka ngemehlo yomuntu yesimanje phezu kwemvelo lo mqondo eminyaka.

ERussia, ukutadisha lesi sici ngokuhamba esikoleni lwabelwe ngesihloko ahlukene - ". I zo yaseGrisi yasendulo" Libanga 5 ziyinkathi engcono ukuze siqeqeshelwe bezibona imibuzo obaluleke kangaka.