Tatar-Mongol ijoka

Ngo kwele-13, eRussia waphoqeleka ukuba abe kunalokho ekukhuphukeni impi ngokumelene ezahlukene angaphandle abahlaseli. Isimo eMpumalanga ehlaselwa lwesiTatar-Mongol abahlaseli. Kusukela West Russian ezweni ubudlova abanolwazi kusukela Crusaders - Knights-Danish, Swedish nesiJalimane.

Umphumela ngxabano ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa lunqume isigcino zomlando sezizwe Russia, sizothinta isimo, ukuthuthukiswa zabo zezomnotho nezombusazwe kamuva, futhi lokhu kwaholela izinguquko eziphawulekayo ngempela kumephu zezombusazwe nobuzwe-Asiya naseYurophu eMaphakathi neseMpumalanga.

Tatar-Mongol ijoka kwaba esimweni Russian le Ukuhlasela angaphandle esinzima kakhulu. Zolotaya Orda okumisiwe unaphakade ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe, kubukela phansi isiko, ezolimo zonakale.

Tatar-Mongol ijoka eRussia kwaholela ekuweni ukubaluleka imizi wezombangazwe nasekuphileni komphakathi. Ukubhujiswa imililo ukudoba ekukwati kufundza nekubhala izingcweti sokucasuka ukunyamalala abathengisa eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Imiphumela ijoka Tatar-Mongol destructively kwathinta ubuciko osetshenziswayo futhi emihle. Unaphakade ke okwesikhashana ukwakhiwa emadolobheni.

Omunye emibi kakhulu eRussia kubhekwa ukuqinisa kwehlukana, kwemihlambi ezithile isimo. amandla Okuxekethile wahluleka ukukuvikela ezinye izifunda eseningizimu futhi esentshonalanga, bayabanjwa ngu-Lithuanian kanye Polish izinduna. Tatar-Mongol ijoka kwaba buhlungu kakhulu nguMkhandlu ubudlelwane kwezentengiselwano isimo ne West. Zilondoloze kuphela wakwazi Smolensk, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Pskov futhi Novgorod.

Ngenxa ayehlasela AmaTatar ngokucijile ke inciphise inani labantu Russian. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kulimaza emadolobheni. Ubulale abantu abaningi kangaka, okungenani abaningi egqilaziwe. Ezinye emizaneni wabhubhisa nemizana babengakaze bakwazi alulame. zamasosha amaningi abulawa, izikhulu. Ukufa izinduna kumiswe unaphakade ukwakheka kanye ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo.

Ukuvuselelwa wabhubhisa emizaneni nasemadolobheni wayeyintombi, futhi kulukhuni eziningi izindlela. Tatar-Mongol ijoka afune abantu ukuthi ngincome engenakwenzeka. A isamba esikhulu imali yezwe kazwelonke waya zidlamlilo.

Izwe eye wenziwa buthakathaka njalo futhi isikhathi eside ukuphikiswa siyokwazi yini ukumelana abahlaseli. Ngokwezinga elithile umhlaba Russian olwathi ukuthiya ohambweni olude iGolden zidlamlilo.

Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, abantu Russian esasingalondoloza ukuzimela kazwelonke kanye nesazisi, ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukumelana futhi, ekugcineni, ukuba axoshe isitha nokuthunjwa ezweni lakhe.

Tatar-Mongol ijoka, ikakhulukazi obonakaliswe ekukhokhweni inkokhiso. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokungafani kuya iCaspian uthi, oLwandle Northern Black futhi Central Asia, zolotaya Orda abazange basifake isicelo ukufakwa ngqo esakhiweni emazweni Russian.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-13 leminyaka, i-zidlamlilo waphoqeleka ukuba shift ukuqoqwa intela kwabase-Russian izikhulu. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa imiboniso eminingi ethandwa ngokumelene nabathelisi (Baskakov). Baskakov abangu kamuva kuhoxiswe yonke imizi Russian. Lokhu kunciphise kungenzeka zidlamlilo ukugxambukela ekuthuthukiseni yangaphakathi zezombusazwe yeRussia.

AmaMongol AmaTatar wazama ukuba aphula ama-ukuphila esingokwenkolo sabantu lithunjwa. Basuke ngandlela-thile ibekezelelwe kwezinye izinkolo. Ngokuvamile abefundisi Russian liwumbimbi we zidlamlilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox kuphambene amaKatolika. Pope, yena, kwaba isitha amaTatar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa Russian abefundisi asekelwe ezazikanye uzimisele kuhlangana ne zidlamlilo. AmaMongol AmaTatar njengoba abasebenzi zesonto ebugqilini inkokhiso, wabanika ukuziphatha uphephile impahla yesonto.