ECrimea wenkululeko, 1944. Crimean wokuhlasela

Okuhlaselayo YaseCrimea ngo-1944 kubhekwa omunye wemikhankaso ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Lwaqala ngo-8 Ephreli. Cabangela eminye kanjani yokukhululwa eCrimea kubahlaseli amaNazi.

Isimo enhlonhlweni

Septhemba 26 - Novemba 5, 1943 labetibambile Melitopol, futhi ngo-October 31 - Novemba 11 ngawo lowo nyaka - the Kerch-Eltegenskaya imisebenzi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ifohle nezivikelo phezu Perekop isiqeshana sezwe. bridgeheads bathunjwa eNhlonhlweni Kerch futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu ye Sivash. Nokho, inkululeko ephelele eCrimea wawungenawo amandla. Peninsula kuthatha isitha butho elikhulu, ancike izivikelo. On the Perekop Isthmus kanye Sivash okuphambene bridgehead ku isikhundla isitha lalinabashumayeli ezintathu, futhi phezu Kerch nhlonhlo - the ngamaviyo amane.

Tikhundla amaqembu

Exosha isitha enhlonhlweni, oLwandle Olumnyama Fleet wase-USSR kungaba ukwazi isisekelo amasu ukhiye. Lokhu kwakuyoba ngcono izimo yokuhlala lwemikhumbi kanye ukuziphatha impi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlonhlo eCrimea asibekela amasu flank Balkan yama-Jalimane, amakhono abo main sidlula besebunzimeni ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga. Kulesisimo-ke, uhulumeni German, esikhundleni salokho, enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu nokugcinwa zensimu. Babekholelwa ukuthi uzobuyisa ukusekelwa Turkey kanye nomfelandawonye Balkan. Ubuholi weZempi 17, elisebenzela nhlonhlo, iye wajuba ukugcina endaweni yokugcina. Nokho, izinduna isitha iqhinga enemininingwane, "Adler" uma ukubaleka.

Lapho umgwaqo amabutho

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1944 ibutho lamaJalimane bandisa ezimbili. Ekupheleni kuka-January ku kule nhlonhlo zase 73rd nokuqala Mashi - 111 lithweswa Infantry Division. Ngo-April, amabutho lalinabashumayeli ukwahlukana 12. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-7-Romanian futhi 5-German. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka zamabutho ukwethula brigades amabili okushaya, isiphetho inzuzo ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, inani lamasosha njalo seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu 195 ayizinkulungwane. Abantu. Division kwadingeka izigqulo mayelana 3.600 nezibhamu, 215 amathangi. Ngekusitwa nguthishela emoyeni kuze Army enikeziwe 148 izindiza. A indima ebalulekile ekulweni ohlangothini Soviet kwakudingeka ukwazi ukudlala 4 Ukrainian Front. Umyalo amabutho esibonise zofuzo. Tolbukhin. Njengengxenye amabutho ayekhona:

1. Lama-51 futhi 2nd Guards Army.
2. 78 th-16 th enezivikelo eziqinile izindawo.
3. 19 Panzer Corps.

4 Ukrainian Front kubuye kusekelwe 8 Air Army. Njengengxenye amasosha akhona lamabutho ahlukene elaliholwa Eremenko. Izenzo zakhe futhi sisekele okuvela emoyeni. Ngemikhumbi empini ayengu ohilelekile. Umyalo wabo eyenziwa Oktyabrskiy filipp Sergeevich. amabutho akhe angamalangabi ukusekela kulokhu kuhlasela ukuphazamisa ukuxhumana isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengengxenye amabutho aseSoviet samanje Azov weqembu lemikhumbi. Yena elaliholwa engemuva Admiral Gorshkov. Amasosha akhe asekelwe ecasula Independent Coastal Army.

Inombolo ephelele yokwenza iqembu Soviet waba kungathi izinkulungwane 470. Abantu. Ngezinye anawo amabutho babengaba zinkulungwane. 6 izigqulo nezibhamu, 559 izibhamu self ezinezinjini tanks. Kusukela izenzo ulwandle elihamba asekelwe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu 4, umugqa 1 no-2 patrol izikebhe, 6 abachithi, 8 base izikebhe ezinezinjini zika, unogada 80 47 izikebhe torpedo, ngwenya 29, 34 armored, 3 gunboats nezinye izitsha asizayo.

ngentshiseko Army Soviet enikeziwe YaseCrimea abashokobezi amaqembu okuyinto akhiwa ekuqaleni kuka-1944 inani lawo kwaba mayelana 4 ayizinkulungwane. Abantu. Amaqembu yahlanganiswa e East, iNyakatho neNingizimu kwakwakhe. amabutho aseSoviet waba bokuphakama eside Owayengamele ibutho isitha. amabutho aseSoviet esihlelwe Onogada Vasilevsky futhi Voroshilov.

Izinkinga nemigomo

Liberation eCrimea ngo-1944 kwakufanele ukuqala ngo-February, inani 18-19. Wesithupha Februwari wethulwa elwa uhlelo. Nokho, kamuva, ekuqaleni umkhankaso lihlehliselwe izikhathi eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, belwa ku Dnieper ogwini. Ukukala umyalo wathumela Vasilevsky inkomba ukuqala okuhlaselayo kuze yokukhululwa nezindawo Kherson.

Ngenxa yalokho, wanikwa umyalelo ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, Vasilevsky wayalwa ukuba ziqale kungakapheli 1 Mashi, kungakhathaliseki kuyoba kanjani ukukhululwa kwe Dnieper ogwini. Nokho, ikhanda kwezinhloko zamaviyo kubikwe GHQ lokuthi lapho kuvela izimo zezulu, ngosuku lwempi Kwakube sekudingeka alinde kuze kube maphakathi no-March. Kule nkathi High Command bavumelana. Nokho, 16,03 Wasilewski wathola iziyalezo ezintsha, owawuthi kwadingeka ukusebenza ukuqala emva bamba indawo Nikolayev nase-Odessa ekukhuthazeni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesimo sezulu, ekulweni kwadingeka ukuba bahlehlise kuze April 8th.

Amacebo umyalo Soviet

Liberation eCrimea ngo-1944, kwakufanele ukuba afeze intuthuko kule 170 km ukujula. isikhundla Capture isitha sika Kwakuhlelwe izinsuku 10-12. Kulokhu, izinga nsuku zonke ngaphambi elihamba kwadingeka ukuba 12-15 km, Tank Corps - 30-35 km. Inhloso kwaba lokuyala iziteleka kanyekanye enyakatho - kusukela Syvash futhi Perekopa nasempumalanga - by Peninsula Kerch. Ngokusebenzisa yokukhululwa Sevastopol futhi Simferopol, kuhlelwe ukuqhekeza iqembu futhi uqede isitha, ekuvimbeleni sokuhoxisa enhlonhlweni. Igalelo main obekumele ukubeka kuphela ukwakha isizinda kuleli, engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli Sivash. Uma isenzo yimpumelelo amabutho main waqhubeka izikhundla Perekop ezintathu isitha. Ukuba ukubambelela kuthathwe Jankoi Soviet amabutho banikezwa ithuba ukuze udlulele Simferopol futhi Kerch Peninsula e ezingemuva-German. ukuhlaselwa Secondary bekumele Perekop isiqeshana sezwe. Ngaphambi umsebenzi Independent Coastal Army kwaba ukuphula ekumeleleni abahlaseli enyakatho Kerch. ingxenye yakhe kwaba ukuhlasela ugu oluseningizimu ye kule nhlonhlo. amabutho Key ofanayo okuhloswe ngaso yokukhululwa Sevastopol futhi Simferopol.

ECrimea yokukhululwa 1944:. Le mpi

Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kuhlasela hit wezikhali esindayo, eminingi yokwakha eside lesitha kwabhujiswa. intelligence lempi owawuse-April 7 kusihlwa. Yena waqinisekisa Enron Imininingwane Soviet umyalo mayelana isitha. ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili Apreli umkhankaso emoyeni kanye wezikhali nokulungiselela. Ngokuvamile, kwathatha 2.5 amahora. Liberation eCrimea ngo-1944 waqala namabutho shock we Army lama-51 iphansi kwesandla sika-uLieutenant General Kreizer. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenziwa eyenziwa kusukela bridgehead engxenyeni eseningizimu ye Sivash. izinsuku ezimbili yabambana ngezihluthu. Ngenxa yalokho, amabutho aseSoviet ephethwe ukuze ifohle izivikelo German. 51th Army ehlasela flank amaqembu Perekopskaya. Ngasikhathi sinye, 2nd Guards Division Zakharov wangena Armenia. Apreli 11 ekuseni, 19 Panzer Corps elathunjwa eDzhankoy.

Ngaphansi umyalo ukwahlukana Vasiliev wasondela ngempumelelo ku Simferopol. AmaJalimane, nokweqa imvelo, eqinisa kwesokunxele Perekop mdweshu futhi waqala ashona kusukela Peninsula Kerch. Ngobusuku kuhlasela ekuqaleni 11,04 Hlukanisa Maritime Army. Ngu ekuseni amabutho wathatha Kerch - ebiyelweyo iyunithi ukuzivikela abasengxenyeni esempumalanga kule nhlonhlo. Kuzo zonke izindawo ukushushiswa amaJalimane ngubani selibalekele Sevastopol. Kanye olusentshonalanga kuhlasela savela 2nd Guards. Army maqondana Yalta. 51 Army, usebenzisa izenzo ngempumelelo 19 Corps, ngokusebenzisa zone asemaqeleni ekuqaleni ekunyusweni Simferopol. A amabutho ezikhethekile ibutho sidabula Belogorsk (Karasubazar) kanye Theodosia Sevastopol. 13 Apreli amabutho aseSoviet ayebakhululele Feodosia, Simferopol, Yevpatoriya, futhi 14-15 izinombolo - Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Alushta.

AmaJalimane Okwamanje aqhubeka ashona. Aviation 4 th futhi 8 th Army wamshaya amagalelo esinamandla eSikhungweni Sokuhlola amabutho aseJalimane kanye ISIZINDA zokuxhumana. Oktyabrskiy filipp Sergeevich, wayala imikhumbi Soviet, waselaya ukucwila imikhumbi babaleki abahlaseli.

abashokobezi

komhlaba YaseCrimea baye babonisa isibindi kungemalengiso futsi ubuqhawe empini. Ngaphambi amayunithi engabandlululi kwadingeka umsebenzi ukubhubhisa ISIZINDA, zokuxhumana imigqa, bakhulise isitha abaqamekeli imfucumfucu phezu yokuwela entabeni, ukubhubhisa amathrekhi ujantshi, ukuphazamisa port e Yalta, ngaphandle kokunikeza amabutho aseJalimane-Romanian ukuthuthela futhi ngiphume. Komhlaba futhi kwadingeka ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa ezokuthutha isitha namabhizinisi zezimboni, komasipala.

Ukuhlasela Kwezinye Sevastopol: ukulungiselela

April 15-16, ibutho lamaSoviet laqala amalungiselelo ukuhlaselwa. Igalelo main ukuthi bazitshela esivela esifundeni balaclava. Ngo isicelo lawo zihileleke futhi ingxenye amaphuzu uxhumano yomuntu kanye flank kwesokunxele Army lama-51. amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka uyeke ngokusebenzisa izivikelo isitha endaweni Sapun Intaba futhi ngesikhathi ibambene enyakatho-mpumalanga Karani. Ngakho, iqembu isitha ngabe nginqume bay, elise entshonalanga Sebastopol. Umyalo babekholelwa ukuthi ukunqotshwa lesitha phezu Sapun Hill, naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga ephelezelwa lokushaya, ezovunyelwa ukuba aphule ukumelana lesitha izikhundla ukuzivikela. Esikhathini band 2nd Guards. Army kuhlelwe ukuba abangele kuhlasela yesibili. Ukudlulisela phambili ukunakwa laba bahlaseli, yena bekumele izinsuku 2 ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke isehlakalo esikhulu. Umyalo Soviet ubeka amasosha umsebenzi breaking ngokusebenzisa izivikelo southeast Belbek Amayunithi Infantry 55th kanye 13 Guards Corps. Ibutho kwadingeka ukuthuthukisa okuhlukumezayo esempumalanga North Bay Mekenzievy ezintabeni ibenze isitha behlukanisa emanzini ulichithe.

ubutha

19 no-23 Ephreli ezimbili imizamo ukuze ifohle isikhundla esemqoka ukuzivikela we Sevastopol esifundeni lenzeka. Nokho, amasosha aseSoviet kuhlulekile. Umyalo wanquma bawahlanganise, ukulungiselela impi ukulinda kokuthola fuel kanye nezinhlamvu.

Ibutho elaya waqala ngo-May 5. Amabutho we 2nd Guards. ibutho waqhubeka ecasula, waphoqa isitha ukuze uthumele amaqembu kusuka kwamanye izinkomba. Ngezinye 10:30 ngo-May 7, nge strong ukwesekwa emoyeni waqala ukuhlasela jikelele. Amabutho amaqembu ayinhloko Soviet bakwazi ifohle izivikelo ku elula 9-ikhilomitha isitha. Phakathi yabambana ngezihluthu amasosha ethumba Sapun Intaba. Ngo-May 9, amasosha aseSoviet bagqekeza Sevastopol kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga, empumalanga nasenyakatho, sokukhulula edolobheni. Amabutho asele yebutho 17 lesitha, bezingelwa 19 Corps, lihambe liye Cape eChersonese, okuyinto eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele. I oyisithunjwa okwakufanele 21.000 abasebenzi basehhovisi kanye amasosha lesitha. amabutho aseSoviet ashaqe imishini nezikhali isitha.

Battle Ukugcwaliswa

Ngo 1941-1942. isitha wathatha izinsuku 250 ukuba ulithathe Sevastopol, whose ntu heroically bavikela izindonga zawo, nesihlalo amabutho aseSoviet ukuba adedelwe wathatha izinsuku 35 kuphela. Kakade ngawo-May 15 endlunkulu yaqala ukuthola ulwazi oluphethwe nemiklamo kanye amayunithi lempi umbukiso ku uxoshwe abaphikisi sika enhlonhlweni.

isiphetho

Liberation eCrimea ngo-1944 bavunyelwe ukubuya endaweni yezomnotho futhi amasu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni Soviet sika. Lawa kwakungamadodana yezinjongo eziyinhloko ubutha ukuthi kwafinyelelwa. Ekupheleni imiklomelo impi Project ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza ukuxoshwa isitha sidaliwe nge nhlonhlo. Nokho, indondo ye-eCrimea bese ungazange sezisunguliwe.