Gunboats "Korean", "Sivush", "i-beaver", "Gilyak", "Hivinets", "abanesibindi", "Usyskin" imidwebo yabo futhi onobuhle

Gunboat (gunboats gunboat) kuyinto wempi ezikwazi, okuyinto izici izikhali ezinamandla. Kuhloswe ukuba ukuqhuba ukulwa imisebenzi ezindaweni ezisogwini, emachibini noma emifuleni. Ngokuvamile okokuvikela emathekwini.

Ukubukeka kwamakhasi gunboats

ERussia, eziningi emachibini, emifuleni kanye umngcele eside emanzini angajulile angasogwini. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa gunboats angabhekwa bendabuko, ngoba ezinye yempi asikwazanga ukuqhuba imisebenzi ezimweni ezinjalo. Nokho, ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala awuzange kuhlelwe umthamo wemvula. Ngezinye 1917 gunboats engu-11 kuphela, ezinye zazo ezaqaliswa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ukuze iningi lalezi gunboats Yombango kwaba sekugcineni. Wasinda gunboats 2 kuphela - "Brave" futhi "Hivinets". Ngakho-ke, abaklami wasebathatha njengesisekelo ukwenziwa ngaphezulu wezikhali imikhumbi eziphambili.

"Brave" - esikebheni endala, owawungumnyaka yelifa yenkosi. Ngo oLwandle iBaltic uye wakhonza iminyaka eminingi 63. Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa ifakwe izibhamu ezintathu (ezimbili 203 mm no one - 152 mm). Nokho, ngo-1916-ke ngcono. Kwakukhona izibhamu ezinhlanu.

"Hivinets" yadalwa njengoba isibhedlela Gulf, ngakho-ke firepower esekelwe ezimbili nje izibhamu 120 mm. Kodwa kule isikebhe babe izimo zokuphila ngokunethezeka.

Ngemva 1917, imikhumbi yomibili behlala ndawonye bengashadile akusashiwo ngayo ukukhiqizwa entsha ngenxa yobudala babo zihlaba.

imodeli

Lapho ibutho wazizwa amandla nokukhuthazela gunboats, kwanqunywa ukuba ukwakha kubo "ngoba izidingo Ekude." Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimo ezintsha kungukuthi ngaphambilini ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. I prototypes lokuqala okwakukhona "abanesibindi" futhi "Hivinets".

Ngemva sesimanje uqalwe imidwebo yohlobo isikebhe "Gilyak". Noma kunjalo, zaba ntekenteke kakhulu, abaklami baye bazama ukuqinisa nemingcele ezifana sihamba ibanga. Kodwa abakwenzanga lokho. Njengoba yayingekho izikhali eliphezulu, gunboat kabahlalanga ukwakha, kanye ukusetshenziswa.

Khona-ke kukhona "Ardahan" futhi "Kara". izici zayo kulezi kanlodok lalala ukusetshenziswa izitshalo amandla udizili. imikhiqizo Petroleum ngesikhathi babe izinhlobo fuel etholakalayo kakhulu, ngakho "Ardahan" futhi "Cara" babe engabizi.

Kusukela ngo-1910, uMnyango Marine wenza isinqumo khona lapho sesimanje emikhulu. Futhi lokhu lapho iningi gunboats kakade enawulungiselelwa kwethulwa, ukuqhuba ukulwa imisebenzi. Isinqumo yenziwa aqinise ukuvikelwa kanye wezikhali. Konke lokhu kuthinta okusalungiswa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwesigamu kanlodok waya yokuvuselela. Lolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuthi "Buryat".

Ngakho, amamodeli we gunboats njalo washintsha, kulekelelwa uhlobo yesimanje kwezikhali kanye izinqaba. Akukho wempi, okwakuyoholela awenze sibonelo of the Empire, Russian futhi kuze kube namuhla.

Legendary "Korean"

Gunboat "Korean" lisetshenziswe eMpumalanga Ekude nokucindezela le "Boxer Rebellion". Yayiyingxenye ngoxhaxha ngamazwe. Phakathi izimpi gunboat wathola ukulimala eziningana ezimbi kakhulu balimala futhi abulawe.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Russian-Japanese gunboat "Korean" liye lahunyushelwa port-Korean Chemulpo. Kanye kwahamba erenki impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kuqala "Varyag". Februwari 8 isikebhe nezisebenzi wafundiswa ukuya ePort Arthur ne Amanqampunqampu zamanxusa. Nokho, port uvinjiwe, okuholela endleleni "Korean" yavalwa. Ukaputeni wanquma ukuhlubuka, ngemva kwalokho kubabulali isitha ehlaselwe torpedoes. Nakuba manje sixoxe kungenzeka ukuthi imikhumbi Japanese kuphela eyenziwe.

Ngenxa torpedo kuhlasela "Korean" ukhiqiza kuqhuma isibhamu kabili. Bangabaholi kuqala empini Russian-Japanese.

Ngokwe-project "Korean" gunboats eziningi ezakhiwa, ezisetshenziswa ezikhathini zanamuhla.

"Varyag" futhi "Korean": ngilwa indlela yakho

Ngo-1904, emini, ivikelwe Cruisers "Varyag" futhi gunboat "Korean" yangena epini ne isigaba Japanese, eyathatha cishe ihora. Against yempi amabili zasukumela yonke le mikhumbi Japanese. Gunboat ezimpini Esigabeni sokugcina impi, okubonisa kuhlasela torpedo. Ihora ngemva kokuqala impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu impi aqala ukwehla, futhi gunboat "Korean" ivaliwe ngokumuka kwakhe.

Phakathi nempi ekulweni nesitha 52 amagobolondo baxoshwe. Kodwa lokhu awuzange waphawula nhlobo umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa okuvela gunboat. Njengoba "Korean" kwaba komkhumbi wempi onamandla wezikhali izikhali, bamba wakhe kwakungenakwenzeka ukugwema. Ngakho-ke Chemulpo kugasela kwanqunywa ukushaya it up. Isikebhe nezisebenzi wathutha ababegibele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu French "Pascal". ngokushesha Waletha amatilosi eRussia.

Crews, owayehola impi, kwanikezelwa izindondo emamaki yehluke ngokwengeziwe. Futhi, ngendondo ekhethekile yasungulwa yokudumisa kubo. Ngakho impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi gunboat wenza umlando.

gunboat Young "Hivinets"

Gunboat "Hivinets" kwaba omele elicinathunjana wezikhali imikhumbi ezikhathini tsarist. It lwenzelwe ukungena Baltic Fleet. Lesi sikebhe ikufanelekela ukuhamba olwandle, kodwa ukusetshenziswa futhi umfula izimo zalo. Futhi yena ngesibindi zatholakala ziyiqiniso kwezimo ezingezinhle.

Gunboat "Hivinets" wayalelwa kule minyaka 1904-1914, lapho aqala ekuqiniseni ngoxhaxha Russian. Nokho, kakhulu imodeli ngokwayo iye igxile ngonyaka 1898. Ngeshwa, ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-imodeli kungekho sesimanje wayengeyena yini eyabangela ukusebenza elincaneFuthi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe okukhuthazela nokukhuthazela gunboats. Iqiniso lokuthi kuyoba ukumelana izimpi ezinjalo, lapho wafa omunye, intokazi wezikhali esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. Mhlawumbe yingakho ke Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa njengoba prototype ekwakhiweni imikhumbi.

Wamaqhawe "Sivush"

Esikhathini iGulf of Riga, le gunboat "Sivush" wafa heroically kulwiwa yempi German. Yingakho njalo ngonyaka ngoSepthemba 9 wave ezihlukahlukene imibala kanye amagoda ezimbali babeza besuka eRiga namaRashiya.

Agasti 19, 1915 Imperial Navy yathatha yempi German. Kuze kube sekupheleni akwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku, futhi silangazelela ukuba amatilosi. Kodwa le mpi eduze esiqhingini Kihnu wenza isigaba eJalimane ukuyeka ukuhlaselwa okwengeziwe eGulf of Riga, kanye nokubhonywa nezivikelo ugu. Lokhu kwaba injongo eyinhloko kuhlasela yemikhumbi-German.

Gunboat "Sivush" ke ukulondolozwa Riga ekufeni nasekubhujisweni. Intengo feat onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ukubhujiswa umkhumbi, kanye lonke iqembu. Nakuba gunboat ngisho ngokuthi Baltic "Varyag" kwaba ubuqhawe okusezingeni eliphezulu kangaka amatilosi.

Isihlabathi Pebbles "Beaver"

Gunboat "Beaver" libhekisela Gilyaki hlobo. izimoto anjalo ayevame owawenzelwa ukuvikela River Amur kuze kube eKhabarovsk. Ngo sifinyelela yayo aphansi babe inombolo encane amakhanda, futhi kufanele wezikhali ukwesekwa elinikeziwe. Ngoba kwakukhona lapho inani elincani lezinto, umkhumbi design wawusekelwe ezinkulu Cruising ibanga ukuzimela. Nokho seaworthiness practice wazibonakalisa eliphansi kakhulu.

Inani gunboats yalolu hlobo bekulokhu sakugcina kusukela zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali awazange asinakekele kakhulu lapho ukuklama. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yayisetshenziswa njengoba ukubhukuda elisekela. Imiklamo kanye prototypes, yebo, zazingasho lokho. imikhumbi Ikusasa yamukelwa lezi zikebhe kuphela combat ohambweni.

"Beaver" yasungulwa ngo-1906, ngemva konyaka ke yehliselwa emanzini. Ngo-1908, i-gunboat langena ngoxhaxha Russian. Ngokuhamba nomlando wayo ke esiwavakashele namaJalimane. It ezithwetshulwe 1918 futhi iguqulwe ibe workshop ukubhukuda. Ngawo lowo nyaka, isikebhe wayiswa e-Estonia. Nakuba kwaba aphume Whack, kodwa isibalo isigaba kuleli zwe.

Gunboat babekhonza iminyaka engu-21, ngo-1927 yena wathunyelwa kulahlwe.

River (echibini) kanye gunboats zasolwandle

Naphezu ukusebenza okukhulu, cishe yonke gunboats yasetshenziswa ukuze ashaye ezikhungweni somhlaba. Inhloso ukuhlaselwa okunjalo babe ukucindezelwa kwamandla isitha umlilo, kanye ukunciphisa Manpower. Uma isikebhe wasala eduze ngokushesha coast yayo, kuyilapho umgomo wayo ukuvikela izindawo ezisogwini, ukuvikelwa yempi isitha.

Kukhona ulwandle futhi umfula gunboats. umehluko ngokuyinhloko isisindo. Eyokuqala ukufinyelela uquqaba amathani 3000, kwesibili - e 1500. Yiqiniso, esekelwe gama, kunengqondo ukuphetha, kuziphi izindawo izosetshenziswa gunboats.

Ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa gunboats

Gunboats ziyasebenziseka kakhulu okufana wezikhali izimoto. Umklamo evumela ukusetshenziswa kwabo imisebenzi yezempi ogwini lolwandle, emifuleni kanye eduze ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo nge eziqhingini ezincane enamadwala.

Gunboats babekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Defense amabhishi, izimbobo, izizalo zemifula
2. kokwehla
3. Ukusekela amasosha osebeni
4. Ukufika futhi ukulwa isitha lokubikezela
5. Ukugada imisebenzi, ezifana ukulethwa kwezimpahla

Kuye lapho izosetshenziswa gunship, design awo ayengakwazi nhlobonhlobo, izakhiwo ezikhethekile kwakhiwa. Kukhona unarmored, bronepalubnye nezikebhe zempi. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukhetho lwesibili ngoba inikeza isivikelo impela okuhle, kodwa waba nesisindo ongaphakeme, okuyinto kunomphumela omuhle lobubhalo.

I izici eziyinhloko we gunboats

Ngokusekelwe izici, kunqunywa lapho gunboat isetshenziswe. Kukhona imingcele ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Lokufuduka. Ihamba akahambe behlele emanzini ukuze uvikeleke nokuziphatha ezempi ezilwandle noma emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi.
2. Speed. Kuyinto 3-15 ifindo. Ijubane incike onjani design sinikezwe gunboat. Kungaba kubantu abanebala elikhanyayo, armored kuphela ezindaweni ezisengozini, kanye ngokuphelele. Yiqiniso, kwandisa isisindo salo, esiwulwazi Uphatha kabi ijubane navigation.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali.

Kusukela gunboats Yayiyimikhumbi yempi, izibhamu Uthole ukunakwa okukhulu. Lezo zindawo zazingase zibe onikwe 1-4 izimo kwezibhamu we osezingeni main (203-356 mm). Le ndlela umklamo iye igxile gunboats zasolwandle. River izikebhe ngokuvamile ayenendawo medium osezingeni izibhamu (76-170).

Futhi, kuye ngokuthi isicelo kwi emphemeni ingafakwa othomathikhi isibhamu "Zenith" futhi izibhamu. I last zazakhiwa ezingavamile kakhulu ngenxa ububanzi zazo ezimfushane.

isiphetho

Ngakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthole gunboats ezimbili ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo ngamunye yayo enhle, wanika ukusebenza layo eliyingqayizivele. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi gunboats eziningi Russian kungenzeka kuphela bamelana lonke isigaba. Le mpumelelo hhayi kuphela ngqo imikhumbi yezempi nabaqambi yabo, kodwa futhi lakhala. Ngokuvamile, kuphela isibindi sakhe unqabe umphumela impi ukuze zihambelane nabo.