Library of Congress: emagugu emasiko lesintu

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba Inthanethi wangena ekuphileni kwethu, futhi ngokuqinile uhlanganiswa, zonke imitapo emhlabeni baye uhlangabezane outflow ezisobala kubafundi. Phela, kungani ukuya umtapo, uma World Wide Web ukufinyelela cishe noma yiluphi ulwazi. Nokho, la mazwi kungenziwa inselele, kulokho ezihlukahlukene omkhulu izincwadi, azibhala yesayensi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ingakamiswa computer. Abaningi ezingavamile izinto ezibaluleke engenakwenzeka ngempela ukuthola ku-intanethi. Kanjani futhi uthinte yesandla yasendulo noma abheke eseliphuphile iphephandaba amafayela kwekhulu elidlule. Futhi yilokho nje umfundi elula! Ngakho ukuthi imitapo emikhulu nge izimali olubanzi zisekhona ethandwa. Ukuze izifundiswa, abalobi, izazi zezombusazwe nabanye abaningi, azilona Irreplaceable. Omunye ekhosombeni ezibalulekile ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba iyona United States Library of Congress.

Umlando nokuThuthukiswa

It yasungulwa ngu UMengameli waseMelika uJohn Adams-April 24, 1800, lapho ethutha inhlokodolobha yase-United States kusukela Philadelphia eWashington. Yaqokomisa amadola ayizinkulungwane 5 ukuthengwa izincwadi izidingo Congress kanye kudalwa ikamelo esikhethekile uwugcine. Library itholakala Capitol. Sebenzisa kwakungase kuphela abe nguMongameli, Vice-President namalungu Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye United States Congress. Yingakho-ke lethiwa, "Library of Congress."

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kulo kanye nenhloko esilandelayo isimo - Thomas Jefferson, owayengufakazi bibliophile bakukhonzile. Anakho indima ebalulekile umtapo ngenkuthalo agcwaliswa Isikhwama yayo. Phakathi nempi phakathi England nase Melika kule minyaka 1812-1814 Washington yabhidlika kabana ngomlilo, Capitol ukuthi yashiswa. Dzheyms Medison, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba umongameli, waphinde umtapo othengwe kusukela Jefferson eziyisithupha kanye izincwadi eziyinkulungwane nengxenye kusukela archive siqu. US-Library of Congress liye lasinda omunye umlilo ngo 1851, lapho kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka kwesigamu isisekelo sakhe. Ngo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX ke wavulwa ukufinyelela izikhonzi, amalungu eNkantolo Ephakeme, waqaphela ososayensi, abalobi, izintatheli. Kwakhishwa isimemezelo esibalulekile esenziwa ngo-1870 yi-ke ikhanda umtapo Ainsworth Rand Spofford ukuthi ikhophi eyodwa ngamunye ukushicilelwa zomphakathi ishicilelwe e-United States, kufanele zithunyelwe BC. A elula ngezigaba uhlelo yasungulwa amabhuku umholi olandelayo, uHerbert Putnam. umtapo Siqu izincwadi eziyinkulungwane 81 nomagazini (ikakhulu umlando Russian) Russian yomthengisi bibliophile Yudin, Gennady Vasilyevich ngo-1907, yathengwa futhi idluliselwe kulesi sikhwama. A indawo lapho kukhona iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke amabhuku ngaphandle Russian Russia - kuyinto Library of Congress. I-National Library lithole isimo-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka.

Heritage sonke isintu

Eyokuqala BC Isikhwama lalinabashumayeli amabhuku 740 kuphela kanye namabalazwe ezintathu. Kule minyaka edlule, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene imililo, liye landa kakhulu imali, futhi namuhla umtapo US Congress iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Namuhla, kungase kubonise kabanzi kwezigidi ezingu-150 kuzo zonke izinhlobo izinto. Uma thina ulinganise ubude obuyizinkulungwane emashalofini, uthola kuka 1000 km. Library of Congress inikeza edishini izilimi 470 zezwe e. Kukhona izinhlobo zezincwadi ezingaphezu kuka amathathu wezigidi, imibhalo yesandla kwezigidi ezingu-60, angaphezu kwesigidi amaphephandaba kuka past 300 iminyaka, ababalelwa ezigidini ezinhlanu amabalazwe, futhi ngaphezu kwesigidi izincwadi US uhulumeni, ukuqoqwa umtapo kuhlanganisa izigidi izithombe, amafilimu kanye nokuqoshwa kwemisindo. Unyaka ngamunye, Isikhwama agcwaliswa ngu amayunithi kwezigidi ezingu 1-3.

Temple of Knowledge UNumeri

Kuze kube manje, ukufinyelela Library of Congress itholakala kunoma yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16. Yiqiniso, akubona bonke lwazi lutholakala ngokukhululekile, isici semfihlo. Nge amafa kungasebenza kuphela emakamelweni Ukufundwa, ingqikithi izihlalo 20 abafundi - 1460. Mayelana abasebenzi 3500 basebenze lapho. Okwamanje, umsebenzi we-ibhadalele ka Isikhwama Umtapo ngentshiseko ngayo, kodwa yenziwa kuphela ngo-10%. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu we BC ngendlela yedijithali emhlabeni terabytes 20.

ukubukeka

Manje Library of Congress (photo enamathiselwe) itholakala kulezi zakhiwo ezintathu ukuthi zitholakala Capitol Hill, phakathi kwawo axhunyiwe izindima komhlaba futhi depositories. Lesi sakhiwo endala futhi main, yaqanjwa Thomas Jefferson, yakhiwa kuleli 1890s njengoba emelele eliqhakazile izakhiwo "eyayibhalwe Age." Ngo-1939, i-isakhiwo main kwakukhona isakhiwo Dzhona Adamsa. Sici Its esiwuphawu - izivalo zethusi nge izithombe onkulunkulu zezinganekwane ahlukahlukene emhlabeni. Lesi sakhiwo lwesithathu yakhoselisa emphakathini ku-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule kanye uyisikhumbuzo lomunye wase-US - James Madison. Kule ngxenye BC yemidlalo yaseshashalazini Mary Pickford, ohlale ubonisa amabhayisikobho mahhala futhi ithelevishini izithombe amaqoqo Library sika. Packard Campus - lokho okuthiwa isitoreji maphakathi izinto zomsindo, wavula ngo 2007 futhi ukwakha isakhiwo esisha, itholakala e Culpeper, Virginia. Isakhiwo kabusha kusuka le ndlu ngaphambili, futhi igama layo livela egameni likaDavide Woodley Packard, ikhanda Institute of Humanities, owaklama campus. Omunye izingxenye ezibalulekile of the complex kuyinto ebhayisikobho, eyenziwe isitayela Art Deco.

Copyright Office

Library of Congress uhlukile iminyaka 130 lucwaningo ukubhaliswa kwe-copyright. Kuyinto kuphela umtapo kazwelonke emhlabeni elalinikezelwe idiphozi ukuthi kubalulekile, ngoba iletha imali eba nomthelela ekutheni lo replenishment izimali ngezithukuthuku izihloko ezintsha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Copyright Office nerejista hhayi kuphela imisebenzi abalobi American, la masevisi bangazuza izakhamuzi kwamanye amazwe. Bhalisa ngokuphelele noma iluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi, ezifana tetemibhalo, zomculo, imisebenzi ezigcawugcawu, imidwebo, amabalazwe, izinto zokukhangisa, izinhlelo ze-computer futhi imidlalo, nokunye okuningi. Sebenzisa amasevisi we Bureau kungenzeka ku-intanethi, egcwalisa ifomu lesicelo elektroniki nokwenza lemali edingekayo kwi-akhawunti.