Eyokuqala revolution Russian

izimfanelo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili amazwe aseYurophu lanyakazisa crisis eqinile kwezomnotho. Ngathinteka ke neRussia. izinkulungwane Wajeziswa amancane kanye naphakathi amabhizinisi, futhi amakhulu ezinkulungwane abantu abasale ngaphandle umsebenzi. Phezu kwakho konke, phakathi Russia nase-Japan, impi, lapho ibutho Russian lahluleka kwasani. Ubuphofu athinte abantu abaningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokushesha noma ukuthuthukisa umkhakha eMbusweni isiRashiya, imisebenzi kwakungenele. Inkinga walinika ukuze zithibe indlala. Konke lokhu ziwumthwalo izinkinga ezweni. Emaphandleni inani elikhulayo abalimi abangenamihlaba, ngubani nje abakwazanga ukukhokhela kwesabelo ubala, ngokuphana kwakhe wamnika yibo ayesebuyele ngesikhathi kabusha 1861 bezwe eSiberia noma eMpumalanga Ekude ne sezulu yabo nokhahlo bangalokothi wonke umuntu.

Naphezu izinguquko eziphawulekayo umphakathi eziye zenzeka ngaleso sikhathi, uMbuso isiRashiya kwakuwulimi namanje i ohlanga ngokuphelele, lapho iningi labantu ukuthi bamukwa amalungelo abo. Kukhona futhi nengcindezelo yezwe ukuthi abantu abaningi abanayo ngisho nemizi ithuba lokufundisa izingane ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ingasaphathwa ukuyisebenzisa ezinkantolo noma eminyangweni kahulumeni.

Qala inguquko

Lokhu, ku Ngamafuphi, sasinjani isimo lapho Okokuqala Russian Revolution. Isizathu sokuba buqala babe izenzakalo 9 Januwari 1905 Ngalolusuku, ukubonakaliswa abasebenzi, eholwa umpristi Gapon waya Winter Palace enhloko-dolobha ukunikeza inkosi sicelosikhalo afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye izimo zokusebenza ezingcono, ukuhlinzekwa inkululeko yezombusazwe, njll ikholomu 140,000th izithombe kanye ekumeni of the Tsar wasondela esigodlweni lapho bavulele amaphoyisa namasosha. Ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane abantu bashonile kwathi izinkulungwane eziningana kwalimala.

Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, izwe Kwagqashuka nobhaqa. ubudlova obungenangqondo Kuyicasulile izinkulungwane zabantu, futhi waqala kwizimangalo imibuthano yonkana Russia. Ngokwaso abasebenzi dolobha efakwe kungqubuzana kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Yaqala kanjalo inguquko yokuqala Russian.

Ezigabeni ezahlukene zomphakathi ehlukile basabela umcimbi. Gqamisa emakamu zezombusazwe ezintathu: olandelanayo, ube nesandla esivulekile futhi izinguquko-yeningi. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa abasekeli autocracy (kulendawo, izikhulu, abaphathi, ukuhlonipheka), okuyinto kuhambisana isimo pre-wamavukelambuso. Babekulungele ukubhekana ukushiya konke njengoba sinjalo. Abamele olukhulu kakhulu lo mkhuba kwakungamadodana Amakhulu Black - Amalungu 'Union wabantu Russian. " Ikamu ovulekile babe ezicukuthwaneni okuqhubekayo abanomqondo ovulekile, nezihlakaniphi, onxiwankulu. Lawa kwakungamadodana izingxenye labantu, owayefuna inguquko, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunwetshwa amalungelo abo ezombusazwe kanye nenkululeko, ithuba iqhaza elawula izwe. Ngu ekamu wamavukelambuso yeningi emiswa abasebenzi, abalimi abampofu, onxiwankulu eziyize. Laba bantu bazimisele ukusekela Socialist-mbuso futhi Social Democrats, ngubani wakhuthaza kokugumbuqelwa inkosi nokumiswa i-republic.

Ngo-1905 inguquko yokuqala isiRashiya kwakuwulimi kuyanda. Kakade ehlobo iziteleka kanye iziteleka kwadingeka isikhathi iqhaza kuze kube kwesigidi abantu. Baqala ukwenza izimangalo zabo, futhi abameleli ukunyakaza kazwelonke. Umbusi wenza ukuqashelwa: Kwaqale avunyelwe ukudala ephalamende - State Duma, futhi kamuva abantu wathola inkululeko yezombangazwe. Expanded futhi njengobunengi bemiphefumulo abangase iqhaza okhethweni ePhalamende.

Manifestos ku ukusungulwa the Duma nenkululeko bezombangazwe ezifudumele Liberals. Noma yimuphi amaqembu kangako kwezombusazwe njengoba Labaqalayo kanye Octobrists, ababezimisele iqhaza okhethweni kuya Duma. Ngokusho abaholi we Liberals, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa lokuqala (njengoba kuyothiwa kamuva) usezuze izinhloso zayo.

Kodwa ubungako abantu, lezi ezivuna kungukuthi waqinisekisa. Ehlobo kanye autumn kulokho kuhlubuka ngonyaka wathinta ngisho kwezempi lasolwandle, ababebhekwa njengezibonelo nokusekela umbuso. Revolution wahlasela kweBlack Sea amatilosi aseBaltic, amasosha, laseKharkov, Kiev, Tashkent, Warsaw isikaniso. Kodwa zonke lezi zenzo asamukelanga ukwesekwa ezibanzi ngokushesha bevinjelwa. Ngo-December 1905, kwaqubuka ukuvukela ukusebenza eMoscow. Ngosizo amabutho zivela Petersburg uhulumeni wakwazi yokulicindezela, futhi kamuva lempi ochotshoziwe ukusebenza kweminye imizi. umsebenzi womphakathi waqala ukuhamba zabhuntsha. Kodwa ngonyaka olandelayo, namanje baqhubeka ongumlimi nokuvukela.

Ukuphela nemiphumela

Ngo-1906 waqala ukusebenza ngomhlaka 1 State Duma. Lokhu ePhalamende akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi waxoshwa ngenxa Ukwakheka kwabo olukhulu kakhulu. Zabulawa behlelwa Duma esilandelayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-June 3, 1907 ngokumisa umthetho omusha, inani abavoti suzivshy kwavunyelwana. Lo mcimbi empeleni yaphela inguquko yokuqala Russian. imiboniso IMisa ngesikhathi abangu cishe ukuyiveza. amalungu yabo yaphela ezimpilweni zabo noma esigodweni, abizwa ngokufanele okuthiwa "Stolypin uthayi" (emva ke uNdunankulu), noma usetilongweni, kanzima.

Ngakho, yini eyaholela inguquko yokuqala isiRashiya, futhi kungani sehlulekile? Impendulo yombuzo wesibili isobala: amabutho zezombusazwe ukuthi ohlanganyele kulo, isinyathelo eceleni, izithakazelo zabo musa ngokuvamile luqondane. Ngokuqondene nomphumela, impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu ushintsho isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. UMbuso Duma uvele inkambo inguquko, bahlala khona. Naphezu kokulinganiselwa yayo, it is Nokho, wathonya Inqubomgomo obengeziwe uhulumeni. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba nesigcawu osopolitiki eziningi. Abamele abacindezelwe abantu revolution ulilethele ithuba ukushicilela izincwadi kanye namaphephandaba ngolimi lwabo, ukuyisebenzisa ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu. Kodwa imfundo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko abantu abaningi (isibonelo, Ukraine futhi Belarusians) futhi uhlala engafinyeleleki.