Amathempeli basendulo baseGibithe: incazelo, umlando kanye nezithombe

imibhoshongo ngokubabazekayo Giza, ngicashela prying amehlo ethuneni Valley of the Kings akukuphela izikhumbuzo impucuko ukuthi bake bachuma khona kuwo womabili nomlambo iNayili. Kanye omkhulu isithakazelo yamathuna namathempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo. Amagama nezithombe izakhiwo engokomfanekiso kakhulu sibeka kulesi sihloko.

Kodwa okokuqala kudingeka baqonde umqondo ithempeli eGibhithe lasendulo. Kwakungekhona iSonto ngomqondo wesimanje kulezi izwi - igumbi elinikeza ibandla othembekile, futhi ukusungulwa contact komphefumulo noNkulunkulu. Cha, ithempeli laliyisikhungo ikhaya kunalokho esigodlweni. Nazi ezinye uNkulunkulu aphile njengomuntu ocebile uhlala mansion. Wayefanele izinceku zakhe - abapristi. Nsuku zonke badlula isiko zokuhlanjululwa, esifanekisweni begqoke kaNkulunkulu, ngaphambi kokuba ovuthayo yomlilo nempepho, wanikela umhlatshelo ngokwalokho ikhalenda. Ithempeli babekwazi ukungena ngabapristi kuphela - futhi akekho omunye. Ngezinye izikhathi uNkulunkulu esigodlweni ukuvakashela yimuphi lezihlobo zakhe. Wayeya ngebhasi ngesikebhe (emkhunjini), eyayibonakala towed imikhumbi ezivamile. Kungemva kwalokho abantu abavamile bakwazi ukucabanga kankulunkulu wakhe.

Ukuthuthukiswa bokwakha sacral

Njengoba wazi, umlando waseGibhithe lasendulo has nezikhathi eziningana eside - imibuso. izakhiwo Isonto yanda kancane kancane. It wawuncike ku imibono engokwenkolo, okuyizinto futhi namakhulu eminyaka izinguquko ngayohlinzwa. Ngeshwa, itempeli lakhiwa kabutjha ngokuvumelana umqondo omusha, futhi sizwa kuphela ukwakhiwa okuhlobene balo Mbuso Omusha. Futhi walondoloza kahle yesikhumbuzo amathempeli basendulo. Kodwa abazinikele sehlelo posthumous we oFaro futhi amathuna abo ezakhelene mbhoshongo. Lapha sibheka amathempeli waseGibithe lasendulo balo Mbuso Omusha. Kuyinto abode kuNkulunkulu ongunaphakade. Kulesi Itempeli umqondo ayo futhi, ngokufanelekile, bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo siqu. "Isigodlo" uNkulunkulu wayehlose isikhala izikhulu yangasese, amakota yangasese. Lesi sakamuva singabangela kuphela ufake umpristi abakhethiwe, lidlule ukuhlanzwa obuphelele (ukugeza, izinwele depilation, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-soda). UNkulunkulu wayehlala ekamelweni eliphakathi ngaphandle amafasitela. Okungukuthi, eyayifihliwe ezimisweni kwamehlo abantu.

esigodlweni kaNkulunkulu ngonyaka 3000 BC. e.

Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu amathempeli lwaseGibhithe lasendulo (isithombe kuyinto shrine yesikhumbuzo Chephren) wathatha ngesimo parallelepiped omkhulu nge enalokho kuthambekela izindonga zangaphandle kanye uphahla Okuthwesa umqhele kubo. Kwakuyisikhathi esigodlweni yangempela lebukhosi ingaphakathi ivulekile, zitholakala kanye eksisi eyinhloko. Kwakuwusuku amahholo okungokomthetho reception izindawo, lapho UNkulunkulu walalela izicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva yokulinda namakamelo leminikelo isitoreji babe emakamelweni "inkosi yendlu." engcwele eqondile kukaNkulunkulu enhliziyweni. Wayezungezwe Izindlwana main amane noma ayisithupha. Abawuvalanga sacristy nezinye amakamelo for ezinkonzweni zemingcwabo. Ihholo elikhulu lahlukaniswa laba amakholomu amabili omkhulu aisles ezintathu. Uphahla ngokwayo wayengekho. Empeleni, kwaba egcekeni nge imipheme.

amathempeli Yasendulo Ephakathi Kingdom

Kuzoqalwa nge-uThutmose mina faro besifazane ikakhulukazi Hatshepsut (1505-1484 BC.) Isakhiwo eshintsha ezingcwele. Isici nobuntu ethempelini Kingdom Ephakathi iba amahholo omkhulukazi okuholela sanctorum Sanctum. Phawula umehluko owawukhona phakathi nge closet encane nje ekhexisayo. Kulesi gumbi laba umphongolo enkulu. Izindonga ezinkulu amathempeli lasendulo indawo sacristies nezindawo zokukhulekela. Kodwa emisha main kwaba ukujula imidwebo okungavamile. Bahamba amakholomu, uphahla, izindonga, phansi. Njengoba isibonelo samambala izakhiwo zenkolo isikhathi kungenziwa ngokuthi amathempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo eKarnak (-Amoni Ra) kanye Dare el Bahri (engcwele Hatshepsut). Interior umdwebo bese ukugcizelela umsebenzi ikamelo ngalinye. Ithempeli ngokwalo livela njengendlela yokuthola izinhlelo zamagama ngendawo yonke futhi uNkulunkulu. Ubulili - liyizwe ophahleni ngesineke izinkanyezi - esibhakabhakeni, ikholomu izihloko - izimbali architrave ungabona izinyoni fabulous.

Temple e-1500 BC. e.

Kancane kancane, esikhathini emikhosini engokwenkolo elahlanganiswa wabantu abathembekile. Ngokwemvelo, azizange zivunyelwe ukuba zihlangane ku "engcwelengcwele" ngisho esontweni. Kodwa ezilungisiwe izakhiwo sacral yangekhulu 1500 BC, kukhona emisha - eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emagcekeni, sizungezwe emphemeni. Kube wavunyelwa abantu abavamile uhlanganyele emicikilishweni ethile yenkolo. Ngakho kwaba namiphi amathempeli okusha Kingdom eGibhithe lasendulo? Yaqhutshelwaphi bathola? Bona yokwelula eduze Nile - kusukela Abu Simbel ku umfula ukuze Abydos (enyakatho Luxor yesimanje). Prefecture ngamunye (region) kwadingeka abavikela yayo unkulunkulu (noma Lomuntu ka-Amoni-Ra). Ngakho-ke, i-baseGibhithe lasendulo amathempeli amagama ezazifanele: u-Osiris, Hathor, u-Isis Khnum, Thoth, Nehbet, noHorus, Sobek. Kufanele futhi usho engcwele kaFaro, nayo kubhekwe onkulunkulu: Ramesses II, Network mina, III futhi Thutmoses nezinye.

Uhlelo ethempelini baseGibhithe lasendulo okusha Kingdom

Cabanga-ke isibonelo zakudala naseKarnak engcwele Amun. Ithempeli bekumele ukufinyelela emfuleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusukela Nile yasihlephula ngomzila. It ugcina eduze Temple ichweba elincane elingunxande, lapho kwakukhona khona isikebhe eboshelwe ezihlotshisiwe. onkulunkulu baseGibhithe babenazo izihlobo eziningi ezingashadile eziye zaya "amakhaya" sabo yezinsuku zokuzalwa. Kusukela kwaleli chibi kwaba "inqubo komgwaqo." sphinxes wakhe anezinhlaka noma eziqoshiwe unkulunkulu, livela indima isilwane engcwele. Pylons mbumbulu abangu kwandulelwe amathempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo. Photo ubonisa isakhiwo omkhulu zamatshe enezindonga kancane ezitshekile. It iphindwa umlingisi ngoba "umkhathizwe". Entathakusa, ilanga uvele ilungelo ephakathi kwalezi zakhiwo we pylon. Izindonga zawo wayewabusisa ngokucebile ahlotshiswa. Namanje walondoloza imbobo ifulege isigxobo. Ukuze pylon elise egcekeni elingunxande, elizungezwe udonga. Duzane ipherimitha yayo amakholomu babesekela kophahla ewumngcingo discontinuous umhlaba, osebenza njengesivikelo Ukuvikelwa hhayi kusukela ilanga nezimvula. Ukudlulisa egcekeni, indoda siwela ihholo pillared. izinsika Round asekelayo ophahleni abangu eliqoshiwe zebungu ehlozini. Ekupheleni kude egumbini kwaba engcwele. Ngo-cubic ame ekamelweni elincane nge ophahleni ongaphakeme uhlezi rook ephathekayo. Lapha futhi uNkulunkulu wayehlala.

ezizingelezele indlu

ezizungezile ngaphakathi izindonga zangaphandle (temenos) futhi kubhekwa usanta. Kukhona amakamelo asizayo. Kungaba indawo izivakashi ukuba 'uhlale' onkulunkulu arks yabo. Emafektri leminikelo, izinto zenkolo musa hlala ekamelweni elilodwa. Ekugcineni, amakamelo encane zinikezwe ngaphandle kwabapristi, lapho sekudlule inqubo elihlanza umzimba wakho ngaphambi kokungena endlini engcwele. Amathempeli ka balo Mbuso Omusha waseGibithe uye waba insimu yalo echibini elingcwele njalo. Kwasebenza wokuhlanza abapristi. Ngokusho izinkolelo, nonkulunkulu welanga Khepera up ngiqabuleke njalo ekuseni khona isuka kuleli chibi ukulandela esibhakabhakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesigubhu nemithombo babe. amathempeli Lasendulo, igama nesithombe ukuthi asilethanga lapha, babe the pier Igumbi ekhethekile - a ebhentshini elingaphansi ngoba isikebhe. Lapho umphongolo kaNkulunkulu eyenziwa emahlombe akhe, abapristi ziphuma kule ndlu engcwele, benza stop kule indlwana encane nge zokungena ezimbili.

Namatshe amade abaziwe futhi colossi

amathempeli baseGibhithe ngokuvamile izakhi ezengeziwe zitholakala ngemuva temenos kocingo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kwendlu engcwele, ukubeka colossi. Lokhu esifanekisweni giant umbhangqwana we oFaro abayakha lokhu noma lelo thempeli. Okuphawulekayo nansi Colossi ka Memnon. engcwele Ngokusobala liyalondolozwa - amabili kuphela eziqoshiwe Amenhotep III bayavuswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Lapho ithempeli libusiswe ilanga, ngaphambi kokuthi lwako efakwe namatshe amade abaziwe - njengoba ngokuvamile ngababili.

Ptolemaic futhi esikhathi samaRoma

Yeka indlela lokhu okwangijabulisa emathempelini lwaseGibhithe lasendulo: iminyaka emingaki bakhonza njengamaphayona ikhaya wonkulunkulu, futhi akazange aphendule noma yiziphi izinguquko, noma ngisho ukunqoba. Lapho uMbuso WaseRoma likhungethwe ezweni ngokuya lenkolo, akukho okushintshile. Cha, kwenzeka okuphambene. bamaRoma waqala egqoke cartouches nge hieroglyphs, ihlelo Osiris, eba ngomunye uhulumeni abakulowo mbuso. Nokho, interpenetration kwenzeka amasiko. semibono engokwenkolo kukhona ivela, futhi isintu kancane kancane kuza ekukhulekeleni uNkulunkulu oyedwa.