Mstislav le Bold: inqubomgomo Biography emfushane, angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo, nokubusa

Enye impikiswano kakhulu futhi Ayindida izibalo kwelanga inkathi Old isimo isiRashiya kwakuwulimi Prince Mstislav le Bold. Engafani isibindi engakaze ibonwe, silwa nezitha zika eRussia, kodwa kaningi isicelo amakhono akhe internecine feuds. Isizukulwane samanje abantu kuyoba mnandi kakhulu yokujwayelana biography of onjalo ungumuntu ohamba phambili kunabo njengoba Mstislav le Bold. Umlando Omfushane isikhulu, futhi kuyoba isihloko ucwaningo lwethu.

Umsuka wegama isidlaliso

Isidlaliso yokuqala Prince Mstislav kwaba Udatny, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka kulimi Old Russian kusho "lucky." Kodwa ngenxa incazelo engalungile olwamukelwa kwaba ukuhumusha "susa". Kwaba ngaphansi kwalesi moniker Prince ithole emakhasini kunazo zonke emlandweni izincwadi.

Ngeke futhi kufanele ushintshe isiko owamukelwa.

lokuzalwa

Wazalwa Mstislav benamagangangozi usalokhu uyimfihlakalo mlando. Akungabazeki nje ukuthi wazalwa ngaphakathi nengxenye kwekhulu XII yesibili futhi yaqanjwa ekubhapathizweni Fedor. Wayeyindodana ePrince Mstislav ka Novgorod Rostislavovich Abanesibindi ka Smolensk legatsha le Monomakh. Umsuka unina Mstislav swashbuckling impikiswano. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, eyindodakazi Yaroslava Osmomysla, ebusa ngokushiyelana Galicia, ngakolunye - the Ryazan Prince Gleb Rostislavovich.

indawo kudide futhi Mstislav benamagangangozi phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-Mstislav Rostislavovich. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa indodana yakhe endala, omunye - Encane futhi abazalwa ngemva kokushona kukayise. Kulo mBhalo, ngonyaka lokuzalwa kwakhe kungase kube 1180 th.

izinkomba zokuqala

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Mstislav isuswe encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla olwaba 1193. Yilokho lapho, kuyilapho umbusi Tripolskaya, waba nengxenye emkhankasweni ngokumelene Polovtsy, kanye nomzala wakhe Rostislavom Ryurikovichem.

Ngo 1196 uyise ka Rostislav, Kiev Prince Rurik Rostislavovich ithumela Mstislav benamagangangozi wokutakula Vladimiru Yaroslavovichu Galitskomu, kuqhathaniswa Roman Mstislavovich naseVolyn. Ngo 1203, kakade njengoba Prince Torchesk abasha Mstislav le Bold futhi kwenza umkhankaso wokulwa Polovtsy. Kodwa ngo-1207 lapho achitheka empini omele Torchesk umugqa Olegoviches Vsevoloda Svyatoslavovicha Chermnogo, lapho enza umkhankaso ophumelele eKiev, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa balawula Rurik Rostislavovich.

Ngemva kwalokho, le Bold Mstislav Mstislavovich wabalekela Smolensk ubukhulu, lapho amukelwa khona Njengoba ayehlukaniswe nomkhaya wakubo fiefdom e Toropets. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi Prince Toropetskiy.

ubukhulu Novgorod

Ukuhlala Toropetskiy isikhulu, e 1209, Mstislav le Bold wamenywa ukuba Novgorod Chamber lokubusa emazweni awo. ISikhulu Novgorod yake uyise. Owabusa kuze Novgorod Prince Svyatoslav, indodana uVladimir Elikhulu Prince Vsevolod Nest Big, sahoxiswa Novgorod. Yena salandelwa Mstislav le Bold. Phakathi nokubusa le nkosana eNovgorod amanothi ngxabano ethile nge uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu.

Ngo 1212 Mstislav uzibophezele wahola amabutho Novgorod umkhankaso ophumelele ngokumelene isizwe yobuqaba Chud.

Mashi kuya Chernigov

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngemva kokufa Ryurika Rostislavovicha, ngaleso sikhathi owayese ku Chernigov ubukhulu, nalabo esele banesikhathi eside nesitha ka Mstislav swashbuckling Vsevolod Big Nest nge force entsha waphula umbango phakathi amalungelo Kiev Vsevolod Red negatsha Smolensk we Monomakh, lapho ecaleni lokubulawa kwamantombazane amabili lezihlobo zakhe.

Eqaphela ukuthi akakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale Kiev isikhulu Mstislav Romanovich ka Smolensk wacela usizo evela kumzala wakhe - Mstislav isusiwe. Akapholisanga maseko waphendula.

Ibutho ahlangene we Novgorod futhi Smolensk uqalile yonakalisa umhlaba Chernihiv esasingesakhe Estates kwakungekaNkulunkulu Vsevolod Red. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu ekugcineni Kiev futhi ukuthatha bayakubusa Chernigov. Ngakho, inhloko-dolobha Russia elathunjwa ngaphandle kokulwa Mstislav Susa, okuyinto wafaka kokubusa yesikhashana Ingvar Yaroslavovych Lutsk. Kodwa ngemva kokwenza ukuthula no-Vsevolod Red Grand Prince Kiev Mstislav Romanovich ka Smolensk kwaba, kamuva ngokuthi Old.

Ukuhlanganyela zombango

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngemva kokufa Vsevolod Nest Big ku North-Eastern Russia iyangena ezinkulu impi yombango (phakathi ezikanye naye) ngoba ifa uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu. Mstislav le Bold asekelwe sale mpi eyathatha isikhathi owamazibulo Vsevoloda Rostovskogo Prince uConstantine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba bequest kwesokunxele Vsevolod Nest Elikhulu, ubukhulu uzalwe indodana yakhe Yuri, owayebizwa kusekelwa umzalwane Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, kuyilapho bethi ubukhulu Novgorod.

Ngo-1215, lapho Mstislav le Bold kanye nebutho lakhe saya eningizimu, Novgorod - ngokumenywa izakhamuzi zendawo ezinazo ngokwabo - wathatha Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Kodwa maduze nje babexabene Novgorod. UJaroslav wathatha idolobha elikhulu eningizimu ezweni Novgorod - Torzhok. Novgorod yasibuya imbiza Mstislav.

Impi ewumnqamula-juqu phakathi kwamabutho Mstislav le Njengoba benamagangangozi, ababekwa kusekelwa ibutho Smolensk, Mstislav indodana endala nge iqembu futhi Konstantin Rostovsky, futhi ibutho uVladimir-Suzdal Prince Yury futhi Yaroslav kwenzeka e 1216 at Lipica emfuleni. Kwaba impi ngobukhulu we zombango kwesikhathi. Novgorod futhi Smolensk ibutho inqobe ephelele. Phakathi indiza Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ngisho elahlekile kwesigqoko salo.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi kwaliwa ukwamukelwa Konstantin Vsevolodovich ngesikhathi uVladimir ubukhulu nokwenqaba yesikhashana Yaroslav Vsevolodovich kusukela Novgorod. Nokho, kakade 1217 wala Mstislav le Bold ka Novgorod esivuna Sviatoslav - indodana endala Mstislav.

Ukubusa galich

Ukunqatshwa Novgorod kwakuhlangene yokuthi Mstislav baba Bold phambili ukutjho kwakhe galich. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, imizamo ukugumbuqela umbuso, waqala ngisho ngaphambili, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya kakhulu. Ngo 1218 ekugcineni, ngokusekelwa Smolensk izikhulu axoshwe galich baseHungary.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waba isikhulu Galician Mstislav le Bold. izinqubomgomo Foreign futhi ezifuywayo umsebenzi okhethekile ezahlukene zawo. Waphetha isivumelwano sokuthula umfelandawonye Daniilom Romanovichem Volynskim, walwa baseHungary nabasePoland. Galich lidlule esandleni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngokuhamba kulezi zimpi. Kodwa ngo-1221 Mstislav namanje ephethwe izakhe khona unaphakade.

Battle of the Kalka

1223 kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho isiphetho sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia. Esifundazweni saseningizimu emaqeleni Russian ihlaselwe izindimbane amaMongol AmaTatar, eholwa ojenene ezithembekile uGenghis Khan Jebe futhi Sabutai. Emelene ingozi evamile principalities ka eningizimu yeRussia wahlanganyela Polovtsian Khan ibutho Katia (kuyisezala zibalwe Mstislav zisuswe), wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukudalwa umfelandawonye.

Nakuba ikhanda esisemthethweni sokusebenzisana iyona enkulu Kiev isikhulu Mstislav Old, kodwa eqinisweni abaningi nezikhulu akazange ukumlalela. Ukwahlukana, kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko kokunqotshwa, okuyinto wahlupheka bayibutho Russian-Polovtsian ku Battle of the Kalka. Abaningi babulawa empini izikhulu Russian futhi amasosha abavamile, wayephakathi kwabo Mstislav Kievsky. Bakwazi ukusinda ambalwa. Kodwa phakathi kwalabo abalamukela nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba ukubaleka, waphenduka Mstislav le Bold.

isiphetho ephakeme kanye nokufa

Ngemva kwempi phezu Kalka Mstislav wabuyela galich. Elapho, waqhubeka ukulwa ne baseHungary, le nabasePoland, futhi akhe sizana wangaphambili Daniilom Volynskim, kamuva owaba inkosi yakwa-Russia. Naphezu umphumela kuqhathaniswa ngempumelelo kulezi zimpi, e 1226 Mstislav kwesokunxele Arkelawu Galicia futhi sathuthela edolobheni Torchesk itholakala eningizimu Kiev ezweni lapho imithetho kakade ebusheni bakhe.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe waba indela. Washona ngo 1228, wembelwa e Kiev.

ubuntu isici

Abacwaningi shayela emazweni nasemizini eminingi, lapho imithetho Mstislav le Bold. It Tripoli Torchesk, Toropets, Novgorod, galich, kodwa akukho lapho ke lokho akufezi isikhathi eside. Futhi isizathu wukuthi amaphiko akuzona okuningi kangaka izingobe nezinye izikhulu, kodwa ubuntu bakhe silambele ushintsho. Abaphila Besikhathi kuqashelwe ukuthi sengqondo Mstislav swashbuckling wawunobudlova, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lo muntu Akumangalisi ukwahlulela.

Yiqiniso, i-Prince uye wafeza nendima ebalulekile emlandweni wezwe lakithi Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIII.