Russian-Japanese impi ka-1945: Izimbangela Nemiphumela

Ngo-February 1945 inkomfa Yalta owawuse, okuyinto ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele lamazwe ahlangabezana kuzo anti-Hitler womanyano. Izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States aye wakwazi ukufeza kwemvume kweSoviet Union ukuze iqhaza ilwa neJapane. Ngo exchange, bathembisa ukuba abuyele Kuril Islands naseningizimu Sakhalin, walahlekelwa ngesikhathi sempi Russian-Japanese ka 1905.

Ukuqedwa isivumelwano sokuthula

Ngesikhathi lapho sinqumo senziwe ngesikhathi Yalta, phakathi Japan ne-Soviet Union isinyathelo kule okuthiwa Hlangothi Pact atheleka, okuyinto kwaphethwa ngokuthi ngo-1941 futhi kwaba ukuhlala sisebenza iminyaka engu-5. Kodwa ngo-April 1945, iSoviet Union imemezele ukuthi iphula inkontileka unilaterally. Russian-Japanese War (1945), izimbangela zezinkumbulo eyayihlanganisa eqinisweni lokuthi ekuphumeni kwelanga zwe eminyakeni yamuva, uvele ohlangothini eJalimane, balwa umbimbi zase-USSR, zacishe ngenakugwemeka.

Lesi sitatimende okungazelelwe ngokoqobo kwafaka ubuholi Japan zingahlelekile ephelele. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba isikhundla sakhe sasibucayi kakhulu - Allied iphoqa umonakalo wakhe eside elwandle eliKhulu iPacific isetshenzisiwe futhi izikhungo yezimboni nendle mizi yayisendaweni bombardment cishe okuqhubekayo. UHulumeni uvisise kahle ukuthi eyonqoba ezimweni ezinjalo cishe akunakwenzeka. Nokho-ke namanje njengoba uthi uyafisa sengathi uzokwazi ngandlela-thile ukuze acindezele ibutho American futhi ukufeza enezimo ezingcono ukuze yokubuyiswa wawakhipha amabutho akhe.

United States, yena, akazange alindele ukuthi ngeke bathole ukunqoba kalula. Izibonelo zalokhu impi ukuthi zenzeka phezu esiqhingini Okinawa. Kusukela Japan lapha alwa angaba yizinkulungwane 77. Abantu, futhi kusukela e-United States angaba yizinkulungwane 470. Amasosha. Ekugcineni, lesi siqhingi lathunjwa baseMelika, kodwa ukulahlekelwa yawo kwakuyilawa nje okumangalisayo - cishe izinkulungwane 50 kwabulawa .. Ngokusho LikaNobhala Wezokuvikela, uma belingakaqali Russian-Japanese impi ka-1945 kafushane mayelana iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kulesi sihloko, ukulahlekelwa kwakuyoba okuningi sina futhi akwazi ukuxoxa 1 million amasosha wabulala futhi elimele.

Ukumenyezelwa ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezempi

Lesishiyagalombili ka Agasti ku Moscow, Ambassador of Japan e-USSR nakanye 17 amahora waklonyeliswa nge idokhumenti. Lathi kokuqala kweMpi Russian-Japanese (1945) is eqinisweni ngakusasa. Kodwa njengoba kunomehluko obalulekile ngesikhathi phakathi Ekude eMoscow, kwathi kwakukhona ihora 1 kuphela ngaphambi kokuqala ecasula weZempi Soviet.

Ngo-USSR, plan yasungulwa, ehlanganisa ezintathu lempi imisebenzi: Kuril, Manchurian futhi Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Bonke zazibaluleke kakhulu. Nokho-ke ukusebenza Manchurian kwaba ebanzi kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo.

amabutho amaqembu

Ensimini ka Manchuria eSoviet Union babemelene Kwantung Army, elaliholwa Jikelele Otodzo Yamada. Lalinama abantu abangu-1 million, abangaphezu kuka-1 ayizinkulungwane. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha, mayelana 6 ayizinkulungwane. Izibhamu 1.6 ayizinkulungwane. Airplanes.

Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho impi Russian-Japanese ka-1945, amabutho aseSoviet wona waba bokuphakama eside zezinombolo e Manpower: amasosha khona kuphela eyodwa nengxenye izikhathi ezingaphezu. Ngokuphathelene ubuciko, inani nasekwenzeni wezikhali efanayo isitha amabutho idlule 10 izikhathi. Tanks and izindiza njengoba yethu sebutho sasifisa ngaphezulu 5 no-3 izikhathi, ngokulandelana, ngaphandle okuhambisanayo izingalo Japanese. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Soviet ukuphakama kunezilwane Japan ezempi imishini wawunezinsuku hhayi kuphela yayo usayizi. Imishini anawo Russia ngesikhathi, kwaba yesimanje nonamandla kunawo abaphikisi bayo.

izinqaba isitha

Zonke abahlanganyeli empini Russian-Japanese 1945 wayazi kahle ukuthi ngokushesha noma kamuva, kodwa obekumele ukuqala. Yingakho kusengaphambili Japanese wadala nabaningi izindawo kahle enezivikelo eziqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, singakwazi ukuthatha okungenani Hailar District, lapho Trans-iBaikal Front kwesokunxele flank weZempi Soviet. Izithiyo kule ndawo ezakhiwa isikhathi esingaphezu 10 iminyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho iMpi Russian-Japanese (1945, August), bheka, kwakukhona kakade 116 ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, okuyinto kwakuhlobene nenkolelo izindima komhlaba kusukela ukhonkolo, simiso emiseleni ayecashe kuyo futhi inani elikhulu evuthiwe izinqaba. Le ndawo imbozwe amasosha Japanese, ogama izinombolo kudlulwe division.

Ukuze sinqobe ukumelana Hailar ebiyelweyo Soviet Army kwadingeka achithe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi empi kuba okwesikhashana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lonke Trans-iBaikal Front umsebenzi uye waqhubekela phambili ngo-150 km. Sikhishwe ubukhulu owawungumnyaka Russian-Japanese War (1945), isithiyo ngesimo endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile sibucayi ngokwanele. Ngisho nalapho isikaniso yakhe umaluju, amasosha Japanese laliqhubeka nokulwa ngesibindi okweqile.

Imibiko yabaholi ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet ngokuvamile ungabona Ukhulumé amabutho Kwantung Army. I dokhumenti iveza ukuthi ezempi Japanese eboshelwe ngokuqondile ngokwabo kumila izibhamu, hhayi ukuthi kungenzeka kancane indlela yokuphunyuka.

ephumayo

Russian-Japanese impi ka-1945 futhi izenzo eSoviet Army kusukela ekuqaleni ziye kakhulu yimpumelelo. Ngithanda yisho owodwa oluvelele operation, okwakubekelwa 350 km ubude nokujikijela 6th Panzer Army yonkana Khingan ububanzi kanye Gobi Desert. Uma ubheka ezintabeni baba okubonakala sengathi isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ukudlula imishini. Ukudluliswa, okuyinto wadabula amathangi aseSoviet sise ukuphakama mayelana ayizinkulungwane 2 m. Ngezinye izikhathi ulwandle Ngenhla ezingeni futhi nemithambeka safinyelela steepness e 50⁰. Yingakho imishini ngokuvamile kwakufanele bahambe amazombe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe izimvula kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi njalo, ephelezelwa emfuleni izikhukhula nasodakeni esingaweleki. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, amathangi Namanje liqhubekela phambili, futhi 11 Agasti, baye banqoba entabeni weza Central Manchurian ethafeni, ukuze ezingemuva Kwantung Army. Ngemva inguquko omkhulu kangaka, amabutho aseSoviet baqala ukuzwa i Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu uqedwe, kanjalo kwadingeka sijwayelane ngendiza zaso ezingeziwe. Nge ezokuthutha izindiza bakwazi ukuba athuthe 900 amathani uphethiloli. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi bathunjwa ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane. Amasosha Japanese, kanye omningi imishini, izikhali neziqhumane.

Acute engamamitha abavikeli

impi Japanese 1945 baqhubeka. Kusayithi we 1st Far Eastern Front, amabutho aseSoviet sibhekene engakaze ibonwe ukumelana evuthayo isitha. I-Japanese adzimelele kahle ezindaweni eziphakeme Camel futhi lesi siqhingi baphakathi nezivikelo Hotouskogo enezivikelo eziqinile. Mangisho ukuthi ukulifunda ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene eziphakemeyo idatha ziye dissected ngasemifudlaneni eziningi ezincane kanye namaxhaphozi zazinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abo emithambekeni zafakwa wire ezicijile ngemba scarps. amasosha Japanese kokudubula amaphuzu pre bagawula ngqo edwaleni egwadle idwala namakepisi ukhonkolo, bunkers zokuzivikela, ukufinyelela ukushuba kwesigamu imitha.

Phakathi lokulwa, umyalo Soviet ahlinzekwa lizinikele kuya abavikeli ka Tabasco. Kusukela ngomhla ka-kuthula wathunyelwa abantu Japanese ezivela emphakathini wendawo, kodwa benza inonya - ke ikhanda induna endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile. Nokho, lesi senzo yingakho nje kungazange kumangaze. Kusukela ngesikhathi okwaqala Russian-Japanese War (1945), isitha ngokuyisisekelo awuhambanga kunoma izingxoxo. Lapho amabutho aseSoviet ekugcineni wangena ezivikelweni, bafumana masosha afile kuphela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphakama abavikeli ayengekho amadoda kuphela kodwa futhi abesifazane, okusolakala ukuthi bebehlome imimese namabhomu.

Izici ubutha

impi Russian-Japanese 1945 kwadingeka izici ayo ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, e-izimpi for emzini Mudanjiang isitha esetshenziswa ekulweni neSoviet Army ombutho ukuzibulala. Lezi uzibophele ekuhlaseleni ngaziphonsa namabhomu e-amathangi kanye amasosha. Kwakukhona futhi icala lapho engxenyeni eyodwa onqenqemeni emhlabathini eduze komunye nomunye kwakhiwa kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili "imiz ophilayo." Kodwa isenzo okunjalo okulimazayo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha amasosha aseSoviet baba isaphapheme futhi pre-isikhathi ukubhubhisa mcekeli phansi ngaphambi kokuba asondele eduze futhi qhuma eduze imishini noma abantu.

umaluju

impi Russian-Japanese 1945 yaphela ngo-August 15, lapho uMbusi Hirohito ezweni kuvuliwe umsakazo wayesebuthelwa kubantu bakubo. Wathi izwe uye wanquma ukwamukela imigomo Conference Potsdam kanye lacela umaluju. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo mbusi ngokuthi isizwe sakhe ukuthobela isineke hlanganani wonke amabutho ukwakha ikusasa elisha yezwe.

izinsuku 3 emva kokwelashwa Hirohito emsakazweni wabiza Kwantung Army umyalo amasosha akhe. Wawuthi ukumelana okwengeziwe kwakungasho lutho futhi kukhona kakade isinqumo sokunikela. Kusukela eziningi Japanese kwadingeka azihlangene ekomkhulu main, azixwayise eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kakhudlwana. Kodwa kwakukhona izimo lapho amasosha okweqile wayengafuni ukulalela lo myalo walala izingalo zabo. Ngakho-ke, abo impi waze waphela baze bafa.

imiphumela

Mangisho ukuthi impi Russian-Japanese kuka-1945 enkulu ngempela, hhayi ukubaluleka kwezempi kodwa futhi zezombusazwe kuphela. The Army Soviet wakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele esiqine Kwantung Army futhi ukuqeda seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Phela, kubhekwa ekupheleni esemthethweni 2 Septhemba lapho e-Tokyo Bay abagibele yempi "Missouri", okuqondene US amabutho ahlomile, wagcina wasayina Zinikeleni of Japan.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Soviet Union baphinde emasimini alahleka 1905 - iqembu ziqhingi ingxenye South Kuril Islands. Futhi, ngokuvumelana isivumelwano sokuthula ngemvume e-San Francisco, Japan sazilahla iyiphi izimangalo Sakhalin.