Ngubani baskak: lokhu kungumnikelo umthelisi namkha ukuthula kwakhe emazweni ayenqotshiwe?

Umlando - isayensi ukuthi kusekelwe amaqiniso olunembile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi la maqiniso azanele ke izikhala zigcwele conjectures, imicabango yabantu, conjectures. Izazi ezahlukene ukubeka phambili ezinguqulweni zabo siqu, kodwa, njengoba wazi, iqiniso liphakathi phakathi. izimfihlo eziningi embozwe nethuli leminyaka efihla kithi okushiwo lomkhuba, inkinga noma kwenzeka. Namuhla, esinye sezithunywa obubi, engesiyo ocacile isikhathi ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kubhekwe umthetho-Mongolian eRussia. abantu Heavy Russian isikhathi eside wayeka ukuthuthukiswa yezwe ngisho aphonswe emuva. Ososayensi abasuke bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa bayavumelana umbono ngaloko imisebenzi lwenziwa nabo bonke abangabakho Baskakov. Isithombe ibonakala ecacile: kuba nababusi Khan ku ezindaweni yanqotshwa. Kodwa izinto azinjalo elula.

IziKronike base bekhulile athuthukile kanye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu Kievan Rus. Noma kunjalo, incwadi yokuqala yezindaba zemihla ngemihla kukhulunywa ngalo Rurikovich: ukufika kwawo osebeni Dnieper, Izindawo zabo futhi ngesisekelo amadolobha amasha, omakhelwane anti-zeziyaluyalu, ayimizulane nezizwana sedentary. Kusukela engxenyeni ngekhulu weshumi nantathu okwesibili, yashintsha: abalobi ukudabuka kuza ngenxa yokuthi emazweni Russian babe yibhece wonke uMbuso Mongol, ngakho abantu kanzima kakhulu. Futhi kulezi zimiso ezintsha ungaqala ukuphola, isibonelo, "baskak". Leli gama libhekisela esemthethweni Golden ngubani ngempela khona kuwo wonke ngilinqobile dolobha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ababusi Jochi Ulus, egcwele isimo esihlukile - Golden zidlamlilo, wasuka kubo. Isizathu kwaba ingxenye injabulo yezakhamuzi zendawo kanye ukungeneliseki kwabo nokuba khona abangabazi.

Yini baskaks eRussia? Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi main (kuphela) umsebenzi wabo kwaba lokuyala amayunithi emikhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa esifike inkokhiso nokulalela. Ezinye izazi baphikisa ngokuthi baskak - lesi sikhulu ogunyaziwe Khan, ngubani elawulwa inqubomgomo wezikhulu Russian. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi Baskakov wayala amabutho akhe siqu, kodwa kwadingeka ilungelo, uma kunesidingo, shayela amandla ingajezisa we zidlamlilo. Ngokuthi azowalekelela lempi uma yokungalaleli, ukunqaba ukukhokhela intela, nokunye.

Kokunye bukhomba cishe bonke ososayensi, nakuba ayitholakalanga ukuqinisekisa: baskak - umuntu owayehlangene ukuqoqwa inkokhiso. Kunalokho, uyazibekezelela lapho kwenziwe eziningi imisebenzi futhi imele izithakazelo ophakeme Khan. Kodwa esikwaziyo ukuthi ntela eqoqwe ngabanye, intela abalimi, abamiswe ku Karakorum, inhloko-dolobha yombuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umlando engaziwa amaqiniso olwathatha ngokumelene Baskakov kodwa sibambene intela abalimi intela kubantu enilwa nazo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Singaphetha ngokuthi baskak - sibalo olubalulekile emlandweni kwamazwe isiRashiya, Nokho, okuyinto, wacasula abendawo, njengoba wabakhumbuza izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuthi ijoka. Futhi iqiniso ukususwa izikhulu yamadolobha iye ahlolwa njengencenye omuhle. Efakaza ukuthi ithonya Golden zidlamlilo eRussia buthaka, bese wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa ukuze uqede osekukade ingxabano ososayensi abaningi kungaba kuphela isikhathi ucwaningo olwengeziwe.