Meadows: incazelo, izici. izimfunda Izitshalo kanye nenhlabathi Ugcwalise

River izigodi, ngonyaka Ugcwalise ngesikhathi izikhukhula bawumthombo ocebile eliphezulu amakhambi, okuyinto uya hay. Meadow ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakubhekwa njengesenzo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila yasemakhaya. Brigade hay mowers ukuhlinzeka zonke izinkomo kule ndawo. Ukuthela kubhekwa ikakhulukazi izimfunda kanye utshani yamaphephandaba on them - okunomsoco kakhulu izilwane.

Umcabango

Meadow, elise iseduze kwimfunda lomfula namanzi awo Ugcwalise unyaka ngamunye, ngokuthi kwemfunda. Uma siqhathanisa nabanye ezimfundeni, uyobheka kabi ku isizinda sabo. Kukhona akuvamile ikhula inani elikhulu zezitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izikhukhula unomphela akuyona zonke izimila zako.

Kodwa izinga zedlelo utshani hay kuwo aphakeme, njengoba isivuno. It Ubuye incazelo. Isikhathi ngasinye, lapho amanzi amuke, izimfunda kwimfunda imbozwe ezifakwa anesihlabathi, okuthiwa daka. It uyasondla inhlabathi, futhi ngaphezu umswakama esihle obuningi futhi ukukhula isitshalo.

Kuye lapho umhlabathi kwimfunda edlelweni ingahluka ukubunjwa. Kodwa ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo nedlelo, bonke inhlabathi evundile, okuxekethile kahle umoya. Izigodi emfuleni ziyahlukahluka kwana imigomo.

Isikhathi izikhukhula

Kuye ngalokho isikhathi amanzi ephuma amabhange, izimfunda zihlukaniswe zibe:

• On kratkopoymennye, ke Ugcwalise kuze kufike izinsuku ezingu-15. Bathola eduze nemifula noma emachibini amancane ngesikhathi amabhange eziphakeme.
• Srednepoymennye imbozwe amanzi isikhathi 15 kuya 25 izinsuku. Lezi izimfunda kuyizinto ezivamile kuleli floodplains zemizimba omkhulu wamanzi.
• Dolgopoymennye izimfunda kungenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi izinsuku ezingama-25 noma ngaphezulu. zinhlobo ezinjalo zijwayelekile kakhulu futhi zitholakala eduze nemifula emikhulu.

Kusukela nenkathi yezikhukhula incike kwakwakhe herbal, ukugcwalisa edlelweni kwemfunda. Zikhona izitshalo ukuthi kukhona okulula ukuyiphatha imidlalo eside. Lezi zihlanganisa kusofa utshani, marsh isikhundla, imana abavamile, trostnikovidnogo canary nabanye. Eqinisweni, ngokwemvelo kukhona izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu amakhambi ezingamelana nezinselele submergence izinsuku 40-50.

Ngu ukukhula sredneustoychivomu utshani, ugcwalise edlelweni kwimfunda, zihlanganisa emhlangeni edlelweni fescue, ezinwabuzelayo nezinyoni hybrid clover, edlelweni utshani kanye nabanye.

Phakathi ukuzinza ongaphakeme yezikhukhula amakhambi atholakala ryegrass kutshalwe alfalfa, i-clover elibomvu futhi ingadi yezithelo yona isibhekwa utshani.

Ukumelana izitshalo edlelweni abandayo

Zonke izimila izimfunda kwimfunda kungabuye ihlukaniswe izinhlobo hardiness:

• ukumelana kakhulu frost - brome, rye zasendle zaseSiberia, a utshani giant izimisele, ukhukho utshani, Beckmann abavamile, fescue, clover ne-alfalfa ophuzi.
• Amakhambi amelana abandayo, - umshiya uThimothewu, fescue obomvu, Lotus corniculatus nabanye.
• izitshalo Srednezimostoykie - fescue, hybrid alfalfa, i-clover obomvu, yezithelo utshani.
• Malozimostoykie utshani - edlelweni bese ryegrass mnogoukosny.

I amakhambi enkulu, futhi kungakho nangohlobo lwezinto ezimfundeni hay abatshalwé izinhlobo eziqinile izitshalo. Kodwa ngisho lezi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu noma ungqimba eliphezulu iqhwa kungaba yingozi futhi kungathinta umkhiqizo.

Riverine ingxenye kwimfunda

Ngendawo izinhlobo zihlukaniswe amanzi izimfunda eduze embhedeni emfuleni, futhi ingxenye maphakathi kwimfunda emaphakathi.

Riverine ingxenye itholakala iseduze embhedeni emfuleni. Ngokuvamile usesikhundleni Esiqeshaneni zomhlaba inzika anesihlabathi. Kuhle e floodplains riverine sikhule okusanhlamvu. Ngebanga lalokho, lokhu ucezu zingahlukaniswa zibe 3 izinhlobo:

1. Izinga High - edlelweni, etholakala noma ehlathini noma camera herbage indawo (poreznik, cowparsnip) noma asemaqeleni zone lapho ingxube kwenzeka kusukela utshani edlelweni, amakhambi kanye nabamele asemaqeleni (bulrush, Tonkonogov, tiptsa nabanye).
2. Kwemfunda edlelweni isilinganiso. Lapha kukhona utshani, okusabhontshisi, okusanhlamvu broadleaf ezibalulekile.
3. Izimfunda ongaphakeme. Basuke izimpawu dampness, okuyinto efana pyreyu kakhulu, bentgrass ezimhlophe, Kentucky bluegrass, Beckmann, canary nabanye.

zezikhotha Riverine afaneleka kakhulu ukukhula utshani rhizomatous futhi isambulela nge uhlelo impande evuthiwe.

Izimfunda emaphakathi kwimfunda

Lena indawo elikhulu ezimfundeni enezikhukhula, futhi itholakala ngaphandle nje kwendawo lomfula. Nazi ezivamile sandy-ubumba ezifakwa sinombono enkulu amakhambi. Njengoba izindawo okungenani enezikhukhula, bavame ukuzwa ukuntuleka umswakama, okuholela ukukhula kunalokho eliphansi utshani.

Lapha sibaningi sikhule ryhlokustovye utshani: uThimothewu, ryegrass ubude, edlelweni fescue, yezithelo utshani, edlelweni foxtail, izimisele ezivamile nabanye. Ezinye zazo, ezifana foxtail, nika 2 izitshalo isizini ngayinye, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuqoqa centners 20 kuya 50 hay ehektheleni. Zonke lezi Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi etshalwa endaweni eyodwa iminyaka 10-15, enika okusezingeni eliphezulu aklaba ezithela unyaka nonyaka.

Phakathi futhi ephansi ezingeni kwimfunda

Meadows, etholakala engxenyeni phakathi kwimfunda, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto abahamba phambili ngokuya ngezinqubomgomo isivuno kanye nekhwalithi utshani. Ngokuvamile ungahlangana usuka uThimothewu utshani, edlelweni kanye fescue obomvu, Kentucky bluegrass futhi foxtail. umndeni imidumba, ungathola alfalfa ophuzi, clover obomvu nomhlophe, vetch, isikhundla, Lotus corniculatus. Amakhambi - Buttercup, geranium edlelweni, cornflower, bedstraw, uDaisy, Yarrow nezinye. a Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo zezinto eziphilayo kungenxa wokuqukethwe eliphezulu ikakhulukazi of daka enhlabathini, okuyinto luhlala emva ukudamba kwamanzi.

Ukuze aphansi ezingeni uzamcolo (nearterrace zone) ayimigodi libhekene, okuvame ukuholela waterlogging futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho ekwakhekeni Peat nasemaxhaphozini.

Lapha inhlabathi akanayo aeration efana nezinye izinhlobo uzamcolo izimfunda ethafeni, ngakho singakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo kulezi amahlozi willow, Alder, izimbabazane ezinwabuzelayo somkhaya. Abaziphethe kahle "esinomuzwa" wokuthi kulezi zindawo wokudla - bog bluegrass, edlelweni foxtail, pickerel turfy, ezinwabuzelayo bentgrass.

Uma izimo zemvume kwemvelo, floodplains ithala zingatholakala sibaningi hygrophytes - sedge, umhlanga, umhlanga, ukotini utshani.

moorland

izimfunda amanzi ngokuvamile itholakala ezindaweni enezikhukhula kakhulu lapho amanzi kusukela ezinsukwini 50 kuya 95. Basuke izimpawu glei peaty umhlabathi, lapho izinga lamanzi ongafinyelela afinyelela ku 2 m nokuningi. Emva kukazamcolo, kule ndawo uhlala kakhulu moisturized isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nalezi izinhlobo zezitshalo:

• Okusanhlamvu: mhlanga canary, foxtail edlelweni, pickerel turfy, ehle manna edlelweni Bunting.
• Utshani: Sorrel omuncu, chickweed wokudla, porucheynik, ukhohlwe ozongitshela marsh, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla eqondile ulmaria meadowsweet.
• Ezinhlotsheni ezingu-ka sedge: unyaluthi impungushe, hare oyingozi futhi ekuqaleni.

Ngenxa yalezi izimfunda amanzi kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa yenziwe amadlelo emfuyo, hay ngenkathi ekhula izitshalo Site futhi zinomsoco.

Uyabakhathalela edlelweni kwimfunda

Kungakhathaliseki izimfanelo izimfunda kwimfunda ngendawo noma isikhathi kwana isidingo sabo ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene kwezimila endaweni maphakathi kanye engenhla kwemfunda. ochwepheshe abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi 30% izimfunda hlala clover notshani. Ukuze uthuthukise ukukhula kwabo, bachitha ezinyantisayo ezimbalwa amathrekhi, lapho ngesikhathi esifanayo sithathe udoti kanye uhlevane kuqhathaniswa.

Ukuze siqhube lo msebenzi Kunconywa ngokushesha ngemva amanzi esebohlile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi emva kukazamcolo kukhulile ukukhula utshani akufanele kube ezinyantisayo, futhi kungcono ukuhambisa lo msebenzi ngemuva haymaking.

Sika utshani okokuqala kuyadingeka ngaphambi izimbali, njengokungathi ukwenza kanjalo ngenkathi isihloko, bese ekugcineni Meadow kakhulu ukunciphisa isibalo sezinye izinhlobo zalo.

Uma ubuchwepheshe ukusetshenziswa dvuhukosnuyu, ngesikhathi Imi lokuqala kuyadingeka ukushiya ngeziqu 4-5 cm ubude, kanti eyesibili -. 6-7 cm Lokhu kuzovumela izitshalo ukuze alondoloze izakhi esiphezulu ukuthi buthelela Ezansi stem kalula uthumele eqandisiwe.

Umanyolo izimfunda kwimfunda

Kufanele kwenziwe umquba enhlabathini ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye ukukhiqiza izimfunda kwemfunda. Lokhu ngeke kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukukhula utshani, kodwa futhi kuthinte impahla yayo lwethu lokudla okunempilo. Umquba kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, okuyinto unyaka nonyaka luyokhula kuphela, futhi izitshalo livikela kakhulu izici zemvelo ezingezinhle.

Ngokusho ochwepheshe, isicelo njalo kwe-phosphate kanye umanyolo fertilizer eminyakeni yokuqala 2-3 kwandisa isivuno amathani 0.5 ehektheleni. Ngemva yesihlanu ngonyaka sibalo yisilinganiso sesifundo 2.6 t / ha. Kuyaqapheleka pulses iyakhula anyuswe okuyinto ngcono inhlabathi nitrogen nenkanuko edlulele, okwandisa ukukhula okusanhlamvu kanye notshani.