Aleksandr Shmeman: Biography nesithombe

Ngo yesimanje ubuKristu Bobu-Orthodox, kukhona usosayensi kusaba owaziwa, isazi semfundiso yenkolo, isithunywa sevangeli, kunobaba Aleksandr Shmeman sika, owachitha ukuphila kwakhe ekukhonzeni izimiso eliphakeme yobuKristu. ifa lakhe etemibhalo zenkolo Ubuyisé umqondo abantu abaningi inkolo nobuKristu. It uyawuthanda idumela esasiwafanele hhayi kuphela phakathi Orthodox, kodwa futhi phakathi kwamaKatolika.

izihlobo

Schmemann, u-Alexander Dmitrievich wayevela emkhayeni enhle waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye uMbuso Russian emva Revolution.

• Umkhulu Nikolay Eduardovich Shmeman (1850-1928) kwaba ilungu Duma State.
• Ubaba Dmitriy Nikolaevich Shmeman (1893-1958) khona sebutho tsarist.
• Umama Anna Tihonovna Shishkova (1895-1981) wayevela emkhayeni zasebukhosini.

Aleksandr Shmeman wayengeyena ingane emkhayeni. Twin umzalwane Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-2008) wakhonza njengephayona mqaphi wethempeli yokudumisa uNina kaNkulunkulu "I Omen". Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani eliholwa Labaqalayo Russian e ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Wayesebenza ku archdiocese eNtshonalanga-Eastern Exarchate we Sabefundisi omkhulu waseConstantinople, enza imisebenzi kaNobhala besifunda-bhishobhi kanye omele umsizi we Sabefundisi waseConstantinople.

UDade Elena D. (1919-1926) wafa esewusana, kokuba abanolwazi nobunzima obuhlukahlukene ukuphila abakwamanye amazwe.

Life Indlela Paris

Aleksandr Shmeman wazalwa Septhemba 13, 1921 e-Estonia emzini Revel. Ngo-1928 umkhaya wathuthela eBelgrade, futhi ngo-1929, njengoba abathutha abaningi ngubani ukuhlala eParis.

Ngo-1938 waba iziqu Russian ubusosha Corps elise Verasle. Ngemva konyaka, ephothula Lyceum Carnot. Ngo-1943, ngenkathi umfundi St uSergiyu Theological Institute e-Paris, u-Alexander wayeshade eyisihlobo archpriest Mihaila Osorgina. Umkakhe ulyana Tkachuk waba umngane othembekile iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwakhe. Ngo-1945, u-Aleksandr Shmeman wathola iziqu eSt uSergiyu Theological Institute. Uthisha wakhe futhi siqondise lo Ucwaningo Kartashev A. V akumangalisi ukuthi ososayensi abasha nesithakazelo zomlando weSonto, kulandela umeluleki wakhe. mqondo lakhe ubulotshiwe ezingeni professional eliphezulu, kulandele Ukuvikelwa yayo, wamenywa ukuba uhlale esikhungweni ukuqeqeshwa uthisha.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi ezikoleni ngenhla, ephothula Sorbonne University. Ngo-1946, u-Aleksandr Shmeman owamiswa idikoni ekuqaleni, bese abadala. Ngesikhathi ehlala e-Paris yayikhiqiza ngempela, ngaphandle imisebenzi yompristi nokufundisa, Baba Alexander wakhonza njengephayona Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba umagazini Diocesan "Isonto Bulletin".
Ngisho naphakathi nokuphila kwakhe umfundi wayekhuthele e Russian Christian Movement entsheni nabafundi. Ngesinye isikhathi kwaba umqondisi walo nosihlalo emihlanganweni kwentsha.

Life endleleni: New York

Ngo-1951, uyise ka-Aleksandru kanye nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela Melika.
Esikhathini kusuka ngo-1962 kuya kowe-1983, wayephila oNgcwele Vladimirovskaya sabefundisi. Ngo-1953, u-Aleksandr Shmeman umpristi owamiswa archpriest.
Ngo-1959 e-Paris, wavikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela ngendaba "Imfundiso yesonto". Ngo-1970 yena yanikezelwa ukwakhiwa elisezingeni archpriest, erenki eliphakeme eBandleni for the white (eshadile) abefundisi. Archpriest Aleksandr Shmeman odlale indima ebalulekile kokuthola uzibuse kobufundisi (autocephaly) American iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Abafile Disemba 13, 1983, eNew York.

nokufundisa

Esikhathini kusuka 1945 kuya ku-1951, u-Alexander waba umfundisi womlando wesonto at St uSergiyu Theological Institute. Kusukela ngo-1951, ngemva isimemo itholiwe nguye St Vladimirovskaya Seminary, wathuthela e-United States. Kulesi sikole wathenjiswa umsebenzi we uthisha. Ngaphandle kokufundisa esikoleni sabefundisi, Schmemann kwaholela yokuqokwa at Columbia University, anikezelwe umlando Eastern ubuKristu. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu wahola uhlelo lomsakazo anikezelwe isimo elifundisayo leSonto Melika.

imisebenzi Okukhulu

• "ISonto and Order";
• "Lo mthetho kwangaleso sikhathi ngokuphathelene nobhapathizo";
• "Indlela zomlando weSonto Lobu-Orthodox";
• "Isingeniso ukuze eyimidanti Theology";
• "Ngoba Life of the World";
• "Isingeniso ukuze Theology: Inkambo izinkulumo ngemibono yenkolo bagomele";
• "AmaSakramente Orthodox";
• "UMthendeleko: Sacrament ZoMbuso";
• "ISonto, izwe, mission: Imicabango zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni eNtshonalanga";
• "Ebolekwe."

ifa etemibhalo

Ifa le isazi ayimkhangi hhayi kuphela kubafundi yasekhaya, kodwa futhi iwumthombo ezithakazelisayo womuntu waseNtshonalanga, ngoba yokugcina wethula empumalanga isiko atehlukanisa elisuka ehlane sihlehlela emuva anchorites lasendulo.

Akungabazeki ukuthi igatsha entshonalanga of Christianity, ubuKatolika, kanti bamlandele EsengamaProthestani ulahle uxhumano, ithela Amathrendi ezihlukahlukene zezwe, walahlekelwa yokuxhuma ngentambo phakathi kokuphila ezingaqondakali eBandla futhi amaqiniso okuphila kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kwashiwo ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Schmemann.

Izincwadi, lapho ayesebenza khona, a okukhulu ngezinga gxila izindaba yesonto, ngoba izimfundiso futhi uMthendeleko kukhona contact enkulu phakathi komuntu noNkulunkulu, futhi yingakho-ke kumele ukuheha yobuKristu futhi yaba isikhungo emhlabeni wakhe.

Emibhalweni yakhe, u-Alexander D. ababeyizazi kwemvelo yokukhulekela kobuKristu. Ukuze silingise amafomula yesonto ka-Essene futhi ferapevtov ukuba ubunye ukuphila yesonto ekhulwini VIII, kuye kwavuleka igebe ububanzi amanga kwemizamo ezihlukahlukene ukudala ukufana futhi kushintshwe amafomula sagomela kule isakramente. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo ubuKristu encwadini yakhe Aleksandr Shmeman. "YokuHlawula" - indaba enikelwe reinterpretation kuphela ezingaqondakali of impilo yobuKristu, iye yabangela okuningi imibono ehlukene emphakathini ngokwesayensi.

Vele le nqubo mlando kanye ungomunye amaphuzu ayinhloko umsebenzi yesayensi Aleksandra Shmemana. Ukuhlaziywa izikhumbuzo yesonto engasiza amaKristu ukuqonda yokukhulekela wesimanje zamanje futhi bazizwa incazelo ezingaqondakali of isenzo.

Ukushicilelwa Diaries

Ngo-1973, ingeyokuqala notebook enkulu senziwa. Archpriest Aleksandr Shmeman wakwenza ngemva kokuba ufunde indaba Dostoevsky "Abafowethu Karamazov." Ngo Diaries yakhe, wayengagcini nje uchaza nakho kwakhe mayelana izigameko ahlukahlukene ekuphileni kwakhe siqu, kodwa futhi ukhuluma izenzakalo ezenzeka empilweni ibandla labaseTheselonika sikhathi esinzima. Akungabazeki ukuthi abaholi abaningi esontweni baye bathola indawo kaningi emibhalweni yakhe. Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, imisebenzi eshicilelwe kubonisa ezenzakalweni nakho Schmemann umndeni emva kwelinye izwe ezivela eRussia. Ukushicilelwa Diaries wakhe wawuba ngasekuqaleni 2002 ngesiNgisi, futhi kuphela ngo-2005, emibhalweni yakhe zahunyushelwa olimini Russian.

zengqondo ezingakhi

Akungabazeki ukuthi isimo sengqondo Aleksandra Shmemana oluqonde eSoviet Union kwaba ngempela abanamusa. Embikweni walo kanye nezinhlelo zomsakazo lowo usegxeke ngokuphindaphindiwe abaholi bezwe in a Umbono ophambene Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimo phakathi ROC futhi ZRPTS kwaba kuhle athuthumelayo.
Ngakho-ke, umlobi we imisebenzi akakwazanga ukungena we-USSR.

Isimo ayikashintshi futhi izwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngaphambili. Inani okuqondene party kakhulu olandelanayo ka ababhishobhi beSonto Lobu-Orthodox, Archpriest Aleksandra Shmemana kubhekwe yokuba imbuka futhi iyakwenqabela kufundwa emibhalweni yakhe ngokwesayensi.

Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuvinjelwa ukufunda emsebenzini walo eYekaterinburg esikoleni zenkolo. Nikon wanika elibusayo umbhishobhi Aleksandra Shmemana kwakuzondeka futhi wavimbela abafundi ukufunda imisebenzi yakhe. Isenzakalo, okwakubonisa yenzani lokhu kube yisinqumo, ayikaziwa. Naphezu kwakho konke, u-Aleksandr Shmeman, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako imodeli kwenkonzo wokwelusa, iyindinganiso ukuphila yompristi.