Orda out - intela njalo Golden zidlamlilo

Orda okukhipha - lokhu ingenye imisebenzi kunazo owaziwa ezazikhona eRussia kusukela XIII ukuze XV leminyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, abalimi ibubula ngaphansi Isisindo ijoka Mongol-Tatar, lapho engezwa futhi intela ikhokhwe kwezikhulu zendawo. Kwakungesinye sezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ekuphileni kwabantu Russian. Russ ukuthi aminzisa egazini abangabazi kuphangwa nokuvukela of abalimi.

inkokhelo simiso inkokhiso

Ekuqaleni phansi Russian XIII ekhulwini kwathiwa efafazwe ngegazi, washisa wonke umzana nemizana. Kusukela kuphangwa amabutho we zidlamlilo Golden azibanga nakho ukuphunyula, wahlupheka abantu amakilasi nomphakathi kanye ubudala. Rusichi kuphela iphatha yokuthi indlu kabusha nasemizaneni enezivikelo eziqinile. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu amaMongol waqaphela ukuthi kuhlaselwa komnikazi akuyona inzuzo, ngoba abantu isiphelile, abampofu, awunaso isikhathi ukuqoqa isivuno. Kulapho zidlamlilo nesixazululo yethulwa. Tribute - unomphela, izimali fixed endaweni yomcebo, ayinayo ukuhlasela umuntu.

Ngo 1257 olwenziwa inani lonke labantu, ngakho amaMongol-AmaTatar wayazi kahle ukuthi ubukhulu njengoba kumelwe akhokhe duty. A intela kwabase-zidlamlilo Golden wayeya umhlaba, umndeni, igeja, futhi abantu kwakudingeka akhokhe imali ukuze ukufuywa, ngokudoba, ukuzingela zezinyoni nezilwane. I-oda walandela zidlamlilo amayunithi amasosha ubukhulu ngamunye akhiwe nababusi-Baskakov, okuyinto eqoqwe inkokhiso.

Ubani imbozwe inkonzo?

Orda nizilingise kuwo wonke amazwe principalities isiRashiya, duty ikhokhwe konke. Okukhishwayo babe abamele WaseByzantium iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Isizathu salokhu sisobala - the zidlamlilo ubekade kobungane nobudlelwane nge eByzantium, aphange kubo ngenxa isifiso sokuba inzuzo akekho wayehamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox uye wafundisa abantu ukuthobeka, futhi kwaba inzuzo amaMongol AmaTatar. Amakholwa abalimi buthule wakubekezelela ukuba khona ongabazi ensimini yabo, ngaphandle izikhalazo wanikeza ingxenye sokuvuna. Phela, udinga ukulalela abanqobi, ngoba yonke intando kaNkulunkulu ...

Usayizi inkokhiso

isivuno Ordynsky eqoqwe ngokheshi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi e-Russia kwesistimu yayo yemali lenziwa-Mongolian. Izazi-mlando eziningi zithi duty Ephakathi for abalimi Russian babe eqolo, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisole zidlamlilo? Tribute ekuqaleni ubizwa ngokuthi ukunikela ngokweshumi. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuyacaca ukuthi abantu kwadingeka ukuba akhokhe 1/10 ingxenye imali yabo.

nge edolobhaneni polrublya, e 1408 - - ne "alime" isigamu ruble wemithombo lokusinda it is ukuthi 1275 amaMongol athatha a "alime" ngesiliva polugrivne e 1384 eyaziwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi edolobhaneni "igeja", kanye hryvnia, futhi ruble - into efanayo. Kusobala ukuthi ngesikhathi XIII - xv eminyaka ubukhulu benkokhiso ayikashintshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMongol-AmaTatar eqoqwe duty kunokuba ngonyaka kanye njalo eminyakeni 7. Yiqiniso, kwaba kakhulu, ngoba kulesi sikhathi buthelela imali ehloniphekile, kodwa namanje amaMongol yafuna okungaka - mayelana 1.5% wemali engenayo.

izinkokhelo Ukunqanyulwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkokhiso njalo, okwakubekelwa eqoqwe eRussia phakathi Khan iGolden zidlamlilo, iphesenti sasingeyona abalulekile, abalimi ngokuvamile wahlala ngokuphelele ngaphandle isivuno, futhi kusho le mihlangano. Yicala abangu ngaphezu kwalokho icala kwezikhulu zendawo. Abantu abangakwazanga ukukhokha inani esibekiwe, yaphenduka izigqila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abalimi wavukela, kuvukela senzeka ngo Rostov, Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Suzdal. Yiqiniso, basuke ukuyiveza ke igazi eliningi ezichithekile, kodwa namanje zidlamlilo ishiywe baskachestva uhlelo lomthelo iqoqo baye sigudluke emahlombe izikhulu. Ukukhokhwa imisebenzi elindeleke ukuba Golden zidlamlilo waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngekhulu xv. Khona-ke izikhulu + nabo ngisho eqoqwe intela ukuze abantu, kodwa akakwenzanga lokho ku-khans, noJohane V III futhi wayeka ngokuphelele ukukhokha okukhipha zidlamlilo.