Umlando zokukhiqiza ithangi wase-USSR nakwamanye amazwe

Qala ukuthuthukiswa ithangi seluqaliwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Amaze imoto ababephila ngesikhathi yabonakala Western Front. Ukulwa phakathi Germany, France, eGreat Britain iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka positional. Amasosha yahlala phansi imisele, futhi front line cishe asibahambeli. Phula ngokusebenzisa izikhundla isitha ezikhona kwakungenakwenzeka. Barrage futhi emasha ophoqelelwe elihamba enganikanga elamukelekile. Umlando yentuthuko ithangi waqala sibonga British. Yibo labo aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukusebenzisa abangenaso analogue imishini self ezinezinjini.

United Kingdom

Eyokuqala British ithangi Mark ngafika ngo-1916, lapho i-imodeli zokuhlola eyakhishwa ngo lemali 100 ukulwa amayunithi. Le modeli kwadingeka ukulungiswa ezimbili: ne izibhamu futhi kwaqhuma. Umlando yentuthuko ithangi owaqala ngokuvukela "ukuziqeqesha kwenza ukuthi uthuthuke". Mark ngineminyaka engu ayizwakali. Ngo Battle of the Somme izibhamu wakhe akakwazanga ukulwa ne isibhamu emplacements German.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi labo amathangi babengaphelele, bebonisa ukuthi uhlobo olusha isikhali has amathemba sina. amasosha Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli kuqala kwaholela German ungakaze sikubone okunje okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-Marku Ngangivame ngaphezulu njengoba isikhali ngokwengqondo kuka ukulwa.

Sekukonke, le "umndeni" British uvele onobuhle ayisishiyagalolunye. Inqubekela phambili Kwaphawulwa Mark V Wathola ukudluliswa emine isivinini kanye ithangi injini ekhethekile ngaphansi kwegama "Ricardo". Kwakuwusuku imodeli kuqala, okuyinto ephethwe umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Sekube nezinye izinguquko. Ingemuva ine machine gun ezengeziwe, anda gumbi nomyali.

France

impumelelo baseBrithani baye waphefumulela umbimbi French uqhubeke ucwaningo. Umlando yentuthuko ithangi ukweleta kakhulu imodeli "Renault FT-17." The French wasiqashisa e 1917-1918. (It wadedelwa amayunithi cishe 4000). On FT-17 ukusebenza kahle uthi okungenani yokuthi baqhubeka usebenza ngisho ukuqala kwempi yezwe yesibili (engamashumi amabili for tank wokwakha - liyinkathi omkhulu isikhathi).

Kuchazwa kanjani-ke impumelelo enjalo, "Reno"? Iqiniso lokuthi kwaba ethangini yokuqala eyayikhona isakhiwo zakudala. Ukulawula umshini kwenziwa kusukela ngaphambili yalo. Maphakathi kwaba gumbi ukulwa. It kwaku ngemuva gumbi injini. Isixazululo esinjalo lobuchwepheshe kanye ergonomic iyona engcono wavula ezingaba kulwa FT-17. Umlando yentuthuko ithangi kwakuyoba ezahlukene uma hhayi kulo mshini. Mlando Iningi bakubheka njengodumo imodeli yimpumelelo kakhulu elisetshenziswa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

United States

An ukuthuthukiswa ithangi zaseMelika zaqala sibonga imizamo Jikelele Dzhona Pershinga. Wafika e-Europe ngo-1917 namabutho expeditionary USA, ngemva kokuba iqale impi ngo-Germany. Bajwayelane sizana of nakho, amasu abo futhi impi positional, okungasekelwe okusolakala e-United States, i-jikelele waqala ukufuna isiqondiso kusuka ukunaka kwakhe isihloko amathangi.

US Army uye wathenga "Reno" French futhi siwasebenzise izimpi Verdun. Abaklami American, ethola imoto yakwelinye izwe, yabamba ukuguqulwa okuncane. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I armored US amabutho ahlakazwa ngenxa yezindleko. Khona-ke eminyakeni embalwa -United States ayizange epha phi mali ukwakha imishini emisha. Kwakungenxa nje ngabo-1930. kwavela imodeli kuqala yokulinga ukukhiqizwa ayo. Kwaba M1931 (T11 lokulwa umshini). It akazange aye amukela, kodwa umsebenzi yokulinga wanikeza abaklami American okwakudingwa kucabanga ngaphambi ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Evolution ubuchwepheshe waseMelika ekhuluphalisiweyo ngoba Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, esingathí sina nithintithe umnotho. uxhaso Serious for onjiniyela nabaqambi ukuza kuphela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho uhulumeni waqaphela ukuthi mhlawumbe ngeke sakwazi ukuhlala aphume olwandle, futhi ube ukuthumela amasosha eYurophu.

Ngo-1941 wabonakala "the M3 uStuart". Lokhu ithangi ukukhanya wakhululwa ngo lemali amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 23 ka. Leli rekhodi ekilasini yayingakatholakali ngobugebengu. Umlando zomhlaba akazi ngaphezulu ithangi onobuhle akhiqizwa eziningi kangaka. "Stuart" akugcini nje esetshenziswa US Army, kodwa futhi wakha oMfelandawonye: United Kingdom, France, China ne-Soviet Union ngaphansi Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa.

Germany

amabutho Armored eJalimane baye uvele kuphela ngenkathi sokubusa kwamaNazi. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles, esiphelweni sesimiso kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amaJalimane wamenqabela ukwenza ukuqala impi-sifanelwe zabo Park. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi lo Weimar Republic, imishini yabo baseJalimane. Futhi kuphela waqala ukubusa ngo-1933, amaNazi hyped ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza lempi. Ngezinye ukukhanya amathangi lokuqala zavezwa ezicashe tractor. Nokho, kufakwe ukunambitheka iziphathimandla German ngokushesha uphume ecashile. Ngokuqondene ukufana okukhona phakathi amathangi kanye nogandaganda, ukuthi imikhuba efanayo yayikhona Union, lapho-1930. Wawunodonga eziningi ugandaganda izimboni eyakhelwe, ukuthi uma kwenzeka impi lalingabulawa kalula ukushintsha ngaphansi ethangini.

Ngo-1926, eJalimane futhi eU.SSR yasayina isivumelwano Ochwepheshe lempi esizayo German waqala ngaphansi kwazo ukuba azoqeqeshwa esikoleni esikhethekile eduze Kazan. Kamuva lo skeleton waqala ukudala art ekhaya. Waba ngowokuqala ithangi German Panzer I. Le imodeli Wawugujelwani ngoxhaxha German.

Ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-Germany kwaba amathangi ezingaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, futhi izimoto engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine wayegxilile ngaphambi kuhlasela iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu phezu Eastern Front wedwa. AmaJalimane imishini wokuqala esindayo asetshenziswa nokushaya. Abaningi SS Panzer Division wathola igama lomuntu siqu ( "Das kwamaNazi", "Totenkopf" nokunye. D.). Iningi lazo kwabhujiswa. Ubude impi-Third Reich ilahlekelwe izimoto ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 35. Ukhiye German ithangi naphakathi kwaba "Panther", futhi esindayo - ". Tiger"

eU.SSR

Maphakathi nawo-1920. waqala umlando ukuthuthukiswa ithangi Soviet. Imodeli lokuqala ukukhiqizwa eSoviet Union, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi MS-1 (elinye igama - T-18). Ngaphambi kwalokho, kulahlwe iRed Army ngesikhathi abangu kuphela ethumba imishini ashaqe phakathi nempi yombango. umsebenzi ukuklama esindayo ithangi isikhundla ayehlelwe Nge ukuqala izwe. Baphenduka ngo-1925, lapho emva umhlangano iRed Army, amasosha zanquma ukubathumela zonke izinsiza ukwenza umfuziselo ezincane ezikwazi. Kwakuyihora MS-1, wadala ngo-1927

Ngokushesha kwase nezinye amathangi Soviet. Ngo-1933, uqalwe ukukhiqizwa yokukhanya T-26 futhi BT, tankettes T-27, T-28 aphakathi ne-T-35 esindayo. Kwenziwe ucwaningo ngokugqamile. Umlando Soviet ukukhiqizwa tank kuqale 1930. kwaphawulwa ukwakhiwa amathangi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Bona banikezwe amamodeli we T-37. Lezi imishini babe izipikili entsha ngokuphelele. Sici Its iphendula izindwani babe. Lapho ezihambayo ntanta zinikeza isipele.

Umlando zokukhiqiza ithangi wase-USSR kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye ithangi naphakathi T-28. Siyabonga kubo, sekungenzeka oluqinisayo qualitative ka kuhlanganiswe izingalo amayunithi. T-28 okuhloswe ukuba aphule izikhundla ukuzivikela lesitha. Ethangini esingamathani angaba 28 futhi ngokusobala wema ukufakwa zazilengela kwezikhali (isibhamu ezintathu izibhamu ababengaphakathi kuyo).

Ngo 1933-1939 GG. ekhiqizwa 50 ton T-35. It yadalwa njengoba imoto ukulwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kuhlasela okwenzeke uphume izinqaba bands. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlando ukuthuthukiswa ithangi Soviet langena esigabeni esisha, ngoba owokuqala T-35 ithole izikhali eziningi kangaka. isethi yayo emibhoshongweni ezinhlanu (ezinhlanu izibhamu nezibhamu ezintathu). Nokho, kule imodeli, kwakunezingqinamba - ngokuyinhloko ukungakhululeki okuthile futhi ukubhuka ontulayo namasayizi amakhulu. Ubude wadubula amashumi amaningana T-35. Ezinye zazo yasetshenziswa phambili ngaso esigabeni sokuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

1930

Esikhathini 30s kwekhulu elidlule onjiniyela Soviet nabaqambi ukukhuthalele olwenziwa ucwaningo ezihlobene ukudalwa ithangi isondo-zilandelwa. idivayisi enjalo nzima umshini chassis futhi powertrain, kodwa ochwepheshe yasekhaya wakwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke nobunzima Ngabasola ngalokho. Ekupheleni-1930. Landelela ithangi isilinganiso lamiswa, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-T-32. Esikhathini esizayo, kwakukhona legend ezinkulu Soviet kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo. Sikhuluma T-34.

Ngobusuku obandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, abaklami kakhulu zazigxile zimfanelo ezimbili izimoto: lobubhalo kanye firepower. Nokho, impi yombango Spanish kule minyaka 1936-1937 wabonisa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba nesimanje kanye nezinye izici. Okokuqala nje kwakudingeka Ukuvikelwa zempi kanye wezikhali izikhali.

nomqondo ekushintsheni imiphumela ngokushesha. Ngo-1937 kwafika T-111. Waba amathangi lokuqala Soviet ifakwe protivosnaryadnym zempi. It kwaba intuthuko enkulu, hhayi kuphela ngoba yasekhaya kodwa nezalo umkhakha global. Izimpawu T-111 babekhona yokuthi yayihloselwe ukusekela njengesosha elihamba phansi. Nokho, imodeli engakaze ayifake ekukhiqizweni for yezizathu ezihlukahlukene zobunjiniyela. It wazibonakalisa zingenzeki ngokuya emhlanganweni futhi disassembly izingxenye ngenxa ukumiswa ivinjiwe nezinye izici umshini.

amathangi Khanyisa Soviet

Ngokuthakazelisayo, umlando eU.SSR Soviet ithangi amathangi ayehlukile kuzo kwamanye amazwe ukuze amathangi wamaphaphu. Nomaphi lapho ayethanda ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho. ESoviet Union khona ugqozi. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe eSoviet Union ukukhanya amathangi yasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukukhalipha kwengqondo, kodwa futhi ukulwa ngqo isitha. Imishini ukhiye Soviet yalolu hlobo bebelokhu BT ne-T-26. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela isiJalimane, bona eyabangela iningi iRed Army of kwepaki (nje eyakhelwe amayunithi angaba yizinkulungwane 20).

Ukwakhiwa onobuhle ezintsha futhi waqhubeka kanjalo phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngo-1941, it kwadalwa T-70. Lokhu ithangi abenguMesiya ekhiqizwa kakhulu yonke impi. Uneqhaza elikhulu ukuba ukunqoba azenzile ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk.

Ngemva kuka-1945

Isizukulwane sokuqala amathangi post-yimpi are labo ekuthuthukiseni kwaqala ngo 1941-1945 futhi abangazange uqale sokuqhuba ngaphambili. Le modeli Soviet EC-3, EC-4, kanye T-44 ne-T-54. Umlando zokukhiqiza ithangi American kwalesi sikhathi uyasala-M47, "i-M26 Pershing" futhi "M46 Patton." Lolu chungechunge sihlanganisa UK "Centurion".

onobuhle Esilula ngo-1945, ekugcineni baba imishini ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngakho, imodeli Soviet PT-76 kwakuhloselwe ulwe izimo amanzi, i-American "Walker Bulldog" yadalwa lujula, "Sheridan" yakhelwe lula ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla. Ngo-1950-yalolucwaningo. esikhundleni medium and amathangi esindayo ukuza main impi amathangi (MBT). Ngakho ngokuthi imodeli multi-purpose, ngokuhlanganisa ukuvikeleka okuhle kanye firepower. Eyokuqala kule kweqoqo waqala Soviet T-62 ne-T-55 futhi French AMX-30. Umlando zokukhiqiza ithangi US kwakusobala kangangokuthi isigaba esiyinhloko impi amathangi e-US owaqala ngokuvukela M60A1 futhi i-M48.

Eyesibili isizukulwane post-yimpi

Ngo 1960-1970-yalolucwaningo kwabe sekulandela inkathi isizukulwane amathangi post-yimpi yesibili. Yini ehlukanisa kubo kusukela ababengaphambi zabo? Izindlela ezintsha zenzelwe onjiniyela, okokuqala, unikezwa khona i nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bezokuphepha anti-ithuthukiswe, futhi okwesibili, izimo ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezibulala uyaca.

Lezi amathangi atholwe zempi kuhlanganiswe ehlanganisa sebuningini izingqimba futhi esakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Endaweni yokuqala ke bavikelekile izinhlamvu kinetic futhi ezuziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezingamaHebheru zivikelekile ikhithi kusuka izikhali zembubhiso. isizukulwane sesibili amathangi steel ifakwe electronics okuqukethwe: ikhompyutha ballistic, laser rangefinders, ukulawula umlilo uhlelo, njll ...

Ngu inqubo efanayo iphathwa T-72, M60A3, «isikhulu" "Leopard 1". Abanye onobuhle avele ngenxa ukuguqulwa ezijulile isizukulwane sokuqala imishini. amathangi yaseSoviet yokuthuthela kwesikhathi nokwenza kwayo neze kunabayeni abaphikisi okucatshangelwayo futhi ngezindlela ezithile ngisho singcono kakhulu kubo kakhulu. Nokho, kusukela ngawo-1970, kwaba lag olubonakalayo electronics imishini. Ngenxa imishini Soviet ekuqaleni emehlweni zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi. Ikakhulukazi lubonakale kwaba inqubo ukungqubuzana isizinda eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwamanye amazwe, lapho kwakukhona kubheduke global iMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

yesimanjemanje

Ngo-1980-yalolucwaningo. kwakukhona okuthiwa lwesithathu isizukulwane post-yimpi. Luhilela umlando Russian ithangi wokwakha. Isici esiyinhloko salelo lezi onobuhle isibe zobuchwepheshe izinto zokuzivikela. Ngu esizukulwane sesithathu, kukhona "Lekrerki" France, "Leopard 2" eJalimane, "Challenger" EBrithani, e-United States, "Abrams".

Umlando Russia wabonakalisa imishini ukwakhiwa ithangi ezifana T-90 ne-T-72B3. Letindlela zisekelwe 1990 ezikude. T-90 ubizwa nangokuthi "uVladimir 'behlonipha abakhulu yayo umklami uVladimir Potkina. Kowezi-2000, ithangi baba okungcono ukuthengisa main impi ithangi emhlabeni. Lapho ebhekene le imodeli umlando ukuthuthukiswa ithangi eRussia waphenduka esinye kwekhasi lakhe elikhazimulayo. Nokho, nabaqambi yasekhaya akazange ayeke futhi baqhubeka impumelelo yabo ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe esiyingqayizivele.

Ngo-2015 yabonakala entsha T-14. Sici Its esiwuphawu we steel izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi umbhoshongo muntu futhi platform zilandelwa "armata". Ngokokuqala ngqá T-14 iye yabonisa ukuba umphakathi Ukunqoba Parade elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-70 ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Imodeli ikhiqizwa "Uralvagonzavod".