UNobhala wezokuVikela US: uhlu. US Iphini UNobhala wezokuVikela. Ashton Carter, US Defense UNobhala: Biography, izithombe, nemisebenzi

I-United States eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela - umzimba amandla esiphezulu kuleli zwe. Kuyinto unesibopho ukulondeka kwezwe, ukudidiyela izinhlelo zombusazwe ekuthathweni emkhakheni ukuvikelwa kanye nokuphathwa lezi zimo. Inhloko yomnyango - UNobhala wezokuVikela. Yiziphi imisebenzi yakhe futhi esimisiwe njengoba Umkhuzi nePentagon?

History of the Ministry

IHhovisi yasungulwa ehlobo lika-1947, lafinyelela ngenxa wonke amayunithi lempi yezwe ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili e-United States baqala ukuncintisana phakathi zamabutho empi abatshali zimali kanye ilungelo ubizwe okungcono. Ministry Defense wayalwa ukuba ayeke le mpi kanye nokudidiyela zonke izenzo ndawonye.

Lo mncintiswano kubonakala ikakhulukazi inqubomgomo Ikhanda lokuqala umnyango - D. Forrestal. Yena ngaphambilini wayala amabutho asolwandle, waphikelela ngokuthi imijovo elikhulu ekwakhiweni abathwali izindiza, okuyinto baqhubeka mpikiswano, kodwa ngaphakathi enhlanganweni.

Esikhathini Washington Emaphethelweni Arlington kuyinto endlunkulu enkonzweni. Wonke umuntu uyazi-ke esime a pentagon, okuyinto lethiwa - nePentagon.

Izici wokuvulwa

UNobhala wezokuVikela (isithombe zikhona esihlokweni) uqokwa nguMongameli, nale candidacy kungathatha ehhovisi kuphela ngemva ukwamukelwa iSigele. Futhi, kukhona umthetho ngesisekelo okuyinto ukuqhubekela nemisebenzi UNgqongqoshe yiminyaka eyisikhombisa kuphela ngemva isevisi Armed Forces yezwe.

IHhovisi yadalwa ngo-1947, ungqongqoshe wokuqala ngaphansi kukaMengameli Garri Trumena kwaba Dzheyms Forrestol.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe ibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lonke. Ngokwe-oda ngokulandelana post, esimweni ukungakwazi we UMengameli waseMelika, uNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela - iyindoda sesithupha isimo. Phakathi no-2015 kuya okuthunyelwe wamiswa Ashton Carter. Uyena Republican, efana uBarack Obama.

Indlunkulu Ministry elise nePentagon.

Iminyango ilawulwe uNgqongqoshe

Ashton Carter ngqo subordinated kuya substituents ezilandelayo:

• IPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela we ezingeni lokuqala;
• Iphini UNobhala wezokuVikela Isondlo;
• IPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela ezindabeni inqubomgomo empi;
• undersecretary zokuzivikela kubasebenzi izindaba, yezobunhloli.

Basuke bonke eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwabo isimo. Kasibili zonke US Iphini UNobhala wezokuVikela kumele zigunyazwe iSigele. EMelika, kukhona wezempi ukulawula umzimba - Joint iKomiti abasebenzi izinduna. Wabuye ibika ngqo nguNgqongqoshe njengengxenye izinduna eziyisithupha.

I ngobukhulu abantu umnyango - the likaNgqongqoshe kuqala. Namuhla, lesi sikhundla oluphethwe Robert Vork. Ngokomthetho, ufanelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi UNobhala wezokuVikela. Belingana Ashton Carter, unquma izinkinga ngasiphi ezingeni, kuba esandleni sakhe sokunene.

Agunyaziwe umyalo kazwelonke

UNobhala wezokuVikela, kanye uMongameli eyisibopho for ogunyaziwe umyalo kazwelonke. Lokhu ukulawula yiyona okuthiwa inkinobho zenuzi. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali amasu ngeke ngivumelane nabo, kodwa amabili kuphela ngesikhathi. Akekho omunye ngaphandle uhulumeni awukwazi ukwenza lokhu.

Ngakho, umuntu okulesi sikhundla eziphoqelelwe izibopho sina ukuphepha hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.

Biography Ashton Carter

Kuze kube manje, u-Ashton Carter - UNobhala wezokuVikela. Umlando wakhe, Isimanga siwukuthi, akahlotshaniswa ne ebuthweni lezempi, futhi umsebenzi amabutho NATO.

Ekuqaleni, u-Ashton Carter wafunda e-physics e-Yale University, lapho wathola iziqu ze-bachelor emlandweni. Wabe esebafundisa eHarvard Stanford futhi Goldman Sachs belulekwa ku mibandela ethinta inqubo.

Ngemva wamiswa Umsizi UNobhala wezokuVikela ezindabeni kanye nezinkinga inqubomgomo angaphandle. Lokhu okuthunyelwe wagijimela ekuphathweni of States, uBill Clinton, futhi wakhonza lapho kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-1995. Ngo-2009, kakade ngaphansi uMengameli Obama, Carter wabuyela Ministry efanayo iPhini for Logistics and ukuthengisela, futhi ngo-2011 wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba yiphini likangqongqoshe kuqala.

Ashton Carter manje engu-61 eshadile ukuba Stefani Karter.

US Defense uNobhala

Kusukela ngo-1947, i-US Department of Defence salandelwa inqwaba izinduna. Ngamunye wabo wazama igalelo lalo ukuthuthukiswa yempi. Kuze kube manje, ngempela elibanzi kungenzeka cabanga US wezempi ibutho ka- ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Konke lokhu sibonga isabelomali Amazing nezindlela zokutshala imali. Izazi eziningi sithambekele ucabanga ukuthi lokhu bombast ongakhonza kuphela ithuluzi ngicindezeleka nakwamanye amazwe.

US UNobhala wezokuVikela (ezibalwe ngezansi) ngokuvamile amasu kanye nezinhlelo ukuguqula ibutho. UNgqongqoshe lokuqala Wezokuvikela kwaba Dzheyms Forrestol. Waziwa kokuba waphikelela ngokuthi ukudalwa inqwaba abathwali izindiza. Nokho, ngo-post yakhe, akalitholanga ukwesekwa kule ndaba. Abanye ozakwabo bakholelwa ukuthi abanothando kolwandle wamgcina kusukela umyalo zamabutho asolwandle. Ukufa kwakhe futhi namanje kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi, kodwa inguqulo olusemthethweni - lokuzibulala. Ngezansi uhlu umnyango Wongqongqoshe:

• Dzheyms Forrestol (ngo-1947 kuya 1949);
• Luis Artur Dzhonson (1949 no-1950);
• Dzhordzh Marshall (1950 kuya ku-1951);
• Robert Lovett (1951 kuya ku-1953);
• Charles Wilson (1953 1957);
• Nil Makelroy (1957 kuya ku-1959);
• Tomas Geyts (1959 no-1961);
• Robert McNamara (1961 kuya ku-1968);
• Clark Clifford (1968 futhi 1969);
• Melvin Leird (1969 1973);
• Elliot Richardson (mayelana izinyanga ezine ngo-1973);
• Dzheyms Shlesinger (1973 kuya 1975);
• Donald Ramsfeld (1975 futhi ngo-1977);
• Garold Braun (1977 nango-1981);
• Kaspar Uainberger (1981 kuya ku-1987);
• Frank Karluchi (1987 no-1989);
• Richard Cheney (1989 nango-1993);
• Espin Izinkuni (1993 kuya ku-1994);
• William Perry (1994 kuya ku-1997);
• Uilliyam Koen (1997 kuya ku-2001);
• Donald Ramsfeld (2001 kuya 2006);
• Robert Geits (2006 no-2011);
• Leon Paneth (kusuka 2011 kuya 2013);
• Chak Heygl (kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2015);
• Ashton Carter (2015-abakhona).

Namuhla ikhanda nePentagon iyona amabili nanhlanu.

Izitatimende wezokuVikela zokugcina

Ngisho ngo-2014 kwabonisa ukuthi Ukuwohloka ubudlelwane phakathi US neRussia is ngenakugwemeka. Esikhundleni Chuck Heigl Ashton Carter (uNobhala wezokuVikela) iye yaqhubeka inqubomgomo containment Russia ngokuya kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

Uvumela yena ukuba amazwi ahlabayo ngokumelene nabaphikisi, lokhu kusebenza futhi lokunye oqondile. Isikhubekiso ngo-2014 kwaba isimo e-Ukraine, lapho ushintsho mandla ingcindezi endaweni wathutha eCrimea Russia futhi waqala le ngxabano ku South-East yezwe, okuyinto engazange wathola impambano. Enye inkinga phakathi US neRussia kwaba isimo eSyria.

Ngokusho inhloko nePentagon, akwenza Agasti 2015 ku-CNN, Russia liziphatha anti-American, okuyinto ebingekho ekuqaleni. Kule, waphetha ngokuthi i-United States ubophekile ukuba ukulawula Russian Federation kwezomnotho.

Ingxabano kokuhlaziywa

waqala Yikuphi eside ngaphambi nehhovisi E. Carter sika, izingxabano Syria usekhonze enye inkinga ezithinta izithakazelo kwala mazwe womabili. Usongo kwamaphekula emhlabeni wonke, bephuma Syria wahlukana futhi Iraq ngaphansi kwegama LIH (inhlangano umthetho eRussia), okwaholela yokuthi US wokuqala ne oMfelandawonye waqala ngamabhomu kulezi zindawo, bese uxhuma Russia ngokusekelwa olusemthethweni iziphathimandla yaseSiriya.

Ngalolu udaba abezindaba imibono ehlukene kuvetwa, Russian uMongameli VV Putin and US UNobhala wezokuVikela Ashton Carter.

ochwepheshe Military bamaqembu baye wawubonakalisa ngokuphindaphindiwe umbono wokuthi uxhaso sina futhi khona inani elikhulu amayunithi ibutho DOD akakwazi njalo yala amabutho ahlomile. Lokhu kwaba sobala ngesikhathi ngaphambili imisebenzi yezempi. Ngo-1986, kwakhishwa umthetho wadlula Goldwater-Nichols, eklanyelwe usabalalise yemfanelo niwunqobe zonke umyalo amabutho olulodwa. Leli qiniso liye kakhulu kwaqinisa ibutho.

Noma kunjalo, neminyango kanye nabasebenzi umyalo namuhla bafunde ukusebenza ngokuvumelana. Akulula kanjalo inani elikhulu amayunithi ibutho kanye nesakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenkonzo.

Izikhangiso usongo Russian

Mhlawumbe udaba embi kakhulu kwaba isimemezelo Russia usongo eziyinhloko e-United States. Lesi sitatimende senziwa ikhanda iPhini nePentagon Dzhozef Danford ukuba Congress ngoJulayi 2015. Ngaphambili, uMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama wakhuluma ngendlela efanayo. Kukhula amandla ezempi, ifa kwezikhali zenuzi - a nazi izinto ezibalulekile, kodwa ukungavumelani nePentagon ayikwazanga ukuthethelela Russia nenqubomgomo American. Inkinga yaba yimbi nakakhulu ngenxa Amazing ingcindezi ulwazi kusuka kokubili eRussia futhi US emhlabeni.

Ngo-October 2015 amazwi afanayo senziwa yinhloko US Air Force. UDeborah Lee uJakobe wathi, ngokuba amandla enuzi, Russia kubhekwa olukhulu ezweni. Ngo-2016, u-Barack Obama kulolu hlu okwamanje, naseChina.

isikhundla kuyingozi kakhulu - UNobhala wezokuVikela. Kule ndoda akuyona kuphela inqubomgomo kulelivekati efanayo, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. izitatimende bakhona ukulalela futhi elinde kwembulunga eziba khona ebuhlotsheni phakathi abaholi bezwe.