Inter-yobuhlanga ubudlelwane kanye nenqubomgomo kazwelonke. ubudlelwane Interethnic eRussia yesimanje

Ongoti Russian phakathi umbono ethandwa ukuthi nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga - ukuxhumana, izindlela ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu uhlanga okufanayo takhamiti noma izakhamuzi nezinye izifundazwe, emelela ezinye izizwe. Ingqikithi kwabo kusekelwe ingxoxo endlu, umndeni, zepolotiki kanye nezinye, ngokuhlanganyela nokuxazulula izinkinga. kuyi-Psychology Ochwepheshe ukukhomba amazinga ezimbili eziyisisekelo, okuyinto ahlelwe nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga - siqu futhi bebonke.

Izici Ubungane Abantu ': ezingeni collective

Yini enquma ubunjalo zokuxhumana ezifanele? Yikuphi-ke luyisici esiyinhloko e ngabe nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga njengoba omuhle, noma, kunalokho, uyothwala lungaba ingqubuzana? Okokuqala, qaphela ukuthi konke kuncike ezingeni nokuxhumana kwabantu - Omunye walabo ababili ukuthi kuphawulwe ngenhla.

Okokuqala, sihlola izinto ezithile ukuze ngokuhlanganyela. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isimo ngokuqondene nokuthi ingane yakho ngeke ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana zamazwe ahlukahlukene kuzinga elakhiwa abantu abaningi, kungase ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekutheni zihlangana kanjani emlandweni. Lokhu kunengqondo: iningi izizwe nezinhlanga ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla kwamiswa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, futhi uma sikhuluma nabanye abantu abathile - ngisho izinkulungwane. "Intsha", kungekho isipiliyoni zomlando ezizwe yokuxhumana interethnic kukhona abambalwa, kodwa.

izici global

Esinye isici esibalulekile - isimo setepolitiki kuleli zwe, esifundeni sisonke emhlabeni. Kukhona izibonelo ebonisa ukuthi enobungane, esekelwe isizinda somlando, abantu abakwazanga "ziphume" (noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "yenza ukuthula") ngenxa noma yiziphi izinguquko emikhankasweni yezombusazwe. Futhi ifeza indima nethonya abezindaba, okuyinto Nokho, musa ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonise amaqiniso setepolitiki.

Ubungane ubuntu

Yiziphi izici ezithinta ubuhlobo interethnic ebudlelwaneni bethu nabanye? Yiqiniso, lezo siye engenhla, futhi badlala indima ebalulekile. Nokho, bangase ababhubhayo uma abantu ukuzwana kahle nomunye (noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ukungqubuzana) empambanweni ngabanye ezingeni ngokwengqondo. Futhi endleleni izobandakanya ezinye izizwe kwabanye ezithinta izenzo ezithile zabantu ezimweni ezithile. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, abameleli bezizwe ezimbili ngokwesiko ezilwayo uzothola ngokwabo esimweni esinzima futhi imizamo ngokuhlanganyela ukuphuma ke, ngaleso sikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ubungane banayo, bathi, musa igeleze amanzi.

Indlela inqubomgomo kazwelonke ngempumelelo

kwezombusazwe nasentuthukweni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho emazweni zomhlaba, cishe kwasekuqaleni kuxhomeke endleleni olinganiselayo yakha izinqubomgomo yasekhaya. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho - izinga zokuxhumana enkundleni ngamazwe. Kukhona Yiqiniso, isimo lapho inkinga okunjalo akukhona kunomvuzo - ngenxa nje yokuthi labantu cishe "monoethnic" selulwimi lunye okuzenzakalelayo isizwe kucinisekiswe osikweni ubunye isiko yokucabanga.

Kodwa Russia - izwe lapho kunamakhulu abantu ezahlukene ulimi lwendabuko, isiko, futhi inkambiso yalelozwe. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla ezingamaPutukezi e-Russia uhlale inselele - ukuqhuba okuqhubekayo izinga ukuqapha nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga ngaphakathi ezweni, ukukhomba inkinga ezindaweni nangempumelelo ukuxazulula izimo ezinzima. Kodwa ziyini sokunquma inqubomgomo kazwelonke eyanele? Indlela yokuthola futhi ngempumelelo ukuxazulula izinkinga nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga? Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi izindlela ezehlukene. Cabangela izibonelo enengqondo kakhulu futhi ezinengqondo.

Ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abo ezombusazwe alinganayo

Futhi okokugcina - ukuze zonke izizwe abahlala isimo. Inter-ethnic nobudlelwano phakathi yobuhlanga - okungukuthi, okokuqala kunakho konke, ingxenye ahileleke kwezombangazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izizwe ukuthi iqhaza kuwo, kumele babe nezinto ezifanayo lokuveza siqu izikhundla zabo, izimo zengqondo, izinkolelo. At onawo awo kumelwe lingafaniswa, futhi kuhle - amathuluzi efanayo ngokubambisana neziphathimandla. In practice, lokhu kungaba ukuba namalungelo afanayo zezombusazwe ukuthi kungaba kwenziwe ukuze base - ukukhetha futhi bakhethwe. Okungukuthi abameleli abantu ahlukene of Russia kumele babe nezinto lamukele izithakazelo zabo futhi iqhaza ekwakheni zepolitiki yezwe.

amathuluzi Olungokoqobo le njongo kungenzeka ukunikeza izindawo amathuba kazwelonke ukuzibusa kanye ukuba khona izindlela yokhetho lapho abantu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene kungenziwa amelwe izakhiwo federal nangaphezulu kwamandla.

Kushelele ukungalingani kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho

Nokuvumelana ubudlelwane interethnic kohlaka kwelinye izwe kunzima, uma abantu abahlukahlukene, phila kuze kude komunye nomunye, baye obuhlukahlukene futhi engenayo disparate, ukufinyelela imfundo enhle, imithi kanye nengqalasizinda. Iziphathimandla kumele ukwakha imodeli ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe lapho izindawo kazwelonke abadinga usizo kwezomnotho kuye, kodwa akazange athole alimaze lapho izinto zihamba kangcono.

amathuluzi Olungokoqobo lapha - intela kwesamba kanye nenqubomgomo yentela, utshalomali bahlakaniphe - e umkhakha, ingqalasizinda kanye nemfundo.

Ukudala isimo sokubekezelelana mutual

Kwenzeka ukuthi izizwe eziningana ezahlukene sengqondo ezihluke namasiko, balahlekelwa ikhono hhayi kuphela inkhulumomphendvulwano ezakhayo njengoba ukuqaliswa zokuxhumana njengoba enjalo. Abakwazi baqonde nomunye, ngisho uma ukukhulumisana ingenye Lokho kuyaqondakala zolimi ngalunye. Kuyinto, mhlawumbe, hhayi okuqondiwe emabintana, kodwa izenzo, izimiso, nemithetho yokuziphatha. Kodwa lokhu kuqonda kungasiza ukusungula wesithathu abantu yisikhungo yabo esungulwe yakhelwe ukuba baxazulule izinkinga ezinjalo ngokunikeza ngamunye "engaqondi" uhlobo umfuziselo ebucayini yokuziphatha, ukudala isimo lapho ezinye izizwe zamukelwa amaphutha, angigodlanga. It okufanele kwenzeke ngayo, in parlance zanamuhla, ukubekezelelana ebuhlotsheni interethnic.

amathuluzi Esiwusizo ukusebenza kwalesi ingxenye inqubomgomo kazwelonke kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zemfundo, ubudlelwane abezindaba, ukuphathwa emcimbini federal iphrofayela ezingeni lokushintshisana kwezamasiko.

simo Russian

Umbuto kutsi inter-yobuhlanga ubudlelwane kanye nenqubomgomo kazwelonke eRussia zivumelana nenqubo esivezwe ngenhla? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mthetho bakwazi ukwakha izikhungo kudingekile abonisa ngamunye lezi zinhlelo. Izwe ngalinye has siqu nabameleli bayo ephalamende likazwelonke ku Federation Council. Njalo uhlanga abahlala eRussia, has alinganayo ngokuphelele amalungelo abo ezombusazwe. Kusukela engxenyeni kwezomnotho yezinto ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlobene nsimu enkulu inhloso kanye, ngenxa yalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuvumelanisa isimo social izakhamuzi kuzo zonke izifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko usa emazinga ekuphila phakathi izifunda ngazinye Russia cishe ungaboshwa izici kazwelonke. It ngokuyinhloko okubangela nekuniketwa, kanye sezulu kanye nengqalasizinda. Esikhathini abezindaba, okungenani lezo ngokuvamile isibaluli eziningi zomphakathi, kugcinwa inqubomgomo yokuhlela ngempela ukubekezela, kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo eyisisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Russia ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo samanje futhi kumiswa zamanje zezombusazwe - ezweni usemncane kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi iziphetho iguma mayelana nokuthi yokuthi inter-yobuhlanga ubudlelwane kanye nemigomo kazwelonke baye zikleliswe ngokuphelele ukwenza ekuqaleni. Nakuba, Yiqiniso, preconditions eziyisisekelo ukuze badle, futhi thina wababiza.

, Manje awucabange ngendlela kukhona ubudlelwane interethnic eRussia ezingeni kwezikhungo ngabanye nomphakathi. Ake uqale nge imfundo.

abantu School

Nge zonke kokuma kungenzeka kweSoviet ohlelweni lwezemfundo, omunye zako obungenakuphikwa - khona ukufunda eyala ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu ngokuya ekukhuleni komphakathi - umlando, izincwadi kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo alilokothi kukhala ikhadi kazwelonke. izenzakalo zomlando kanye yezombangazwe cishe akukho izingane banikezwe ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu inzondo phakathi kwezizwe abahlala eSoviet Union, noma ngenxa ye ubuqhawe zanoma isiphi isizwe esisodwa. Konke okuhle ifinyelele ezweni sezenhlalo, kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba imizamo yonke abantu baseSoviet.

Imodeli Soviet

Abaningi ongoti lanamuhla ukholwa ukuthi ngezindlela eziningi ngenxa yalokho, wabeka phansi isikole setting, izakhamuzi zanamuhla omdala we Russian Federation kubhekwe ezenzakalelayo ezinye izizwe ikakhulu ngendlela enobungane, sicabange ukuthi manje - ingxenye abantu abangashadile Russian. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi sibe namandla eziningi ukwazisa yokuthi manje kukhona ukuvumelana of ubudlelwano interethnic, isikole nenkathi yamaSoviet. Kubalulekile ukuba ulahlekelwe okuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo ukuthi othisha usuqala kusukela eSoviet Union amashumi eminyaka.

Yiqiniso, izimo umuntu lapho nobudlelwano phakathi lobuhlanga esikoleni sihambisane nobunzima lapho. Noma kunjalo, cishe azisona uhlelo. izingane zanamhlanje, efana ababengaphambi zabo KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - I-ukwakha ubungane nabantu.

umqondo isimo

ubudlelwane Interethnic eRussia yesimanje Akhiwa isimo ngesisekelo umqondo olusemthethweni. Cabangela izici zayo.

Omunye abalulekile sezenzo zokuqala ezingokomthetho kule ndawo - Isinqumo kaMongameli esisayinwe Ehlobo lango-1996. Lo mbhalo isivele ochithiwe, kodwa lesi senzo iqukethe uhlelo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukubukwa nezinto eziza kuqala kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene izimiso okufanele ilandelwe iziphathimandla emazingeni yombuso kanye lesifunda endabeni yobuhlobo yobuhlanga. Injongo isenzo zomthetho ekuqinisekiseni ubunye wamemezela sezizwe Russia umongo zomlando entsha.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wathi ukuthi isiko ubudlelwane interethnic ezweni lethu savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Iningi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga abahlala Russia - abantu bomdabu, abadlale indima ezingokomlando ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni wekuba sive. Igcizelela ukuthi abantu Russian abadlale indima babe munye, okuvumela abaseRussia - isizwe ukuthi libhekene inhlanganisela eliyingqayizivele ubunye nokwehluka kwamaqembu ezinhlanga.

Amathrendi 90

Isinqumo 1996 imakwe eziningi Amathrendi ukuthi, ngokwendlela iziphathimandla, ungakwazi elichaza ubudlelwane izinkolo futhi interethnic eRussia. Lapha benjalo.

Okokuqala, lapho kukhona esigabeni zesikhashana (njengoba lokhu ngokubhala umthetho awuhambanga iminyaka eminingi kangaka kusukela ngosuku wokugoqa wase-USSR), on ukuthuthukisa isizwe Russian kuthinta nesifiso bezizwe eziningi kuleyo ukuzimela.

Okwesibili, kwamaqembu ezinhlanga akha isizwe sethu, abe nomuzwa wokuthi kufanele ubambe ngamandla ngempumelelo rate izinguquko, ikhumbula yokuthi izidingongqangi zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho ezifundeni hhayi kungaba okufanayo.

Okwesithathu, nobudlelwano phakathi kobuzwe Russia yesimanje zinezikhathi yokuthi izizwe ezweni lethu, bafuna ukugcina iphinde athuthukise bazikhohlwe kwamasiko.

Izindawo umsebenzi namuhla

Yini umthetho nezinqubomgomo esisebenzayo ukhombe umbono namuhla? Lokho kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ngoba harmonization ubudlelwane interethnic eRussia? Esikhundleni Isinqumo 1996 abe nomthetho omusha kamongameli, ekhishwe ngo-2012. Abaningi nemicabango yokuthoma eqakathekileko ukuthi sibonile ngenhla, ukuqinisekisile lokhu isenzo zomthetho. Ngakho, yini linikeza ukwenza amandla, ukwakha nobudlelwano phakathi kobuzwe Russia? Nazi ezinye izingxenye, okuyinto anganikeza ngayo umbono wokuba umkhuba okungenzeka amalungiselelo evezwe Isinqumo entsha kaMongameli.

Okokuqala, kucatshangwa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukuqiniswa inter zokuxhumana yamasiko, yokusakaza ulwazi abanye phakathi ezinye izizwe.

Okwesibili, Hulumende ubeka indlela umsebenzi ukwengeza imisebenzi ohlangothini ethnographic emkhakheni inter-yobuhlanga imicimbi yamasiko kanye ezemfundo, izivakashi uhambo, ezemidlalo imincintiswano.

Okwesithathu, i isiqondiso okubalulekile ngcono umsebenzi wokufundisa nge izingane nentsha, ne Ukugcizelelwa ubuzwe zomphakathi ukwazi ngokuvuswa.

Ubungane wezizwe - isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa waseRussia

Lezi kanye nezinye izindlela eziningi nokuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi kumele, njengoba sivumele isishaya-mthetho Russian ukholelwa ukudala sisekelo lesicinile, esekelwe okuyinto luzosuselwa ekukhuleni komphakathi, hhayi kuphela isizukulwane samanje kodwa futhi esizayo. Umqondo Yiqiniso, emangalisayo. Ukusebenzisa ke akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni izinqubomgomo kahulumeni, kodwa futhi ku izenzo izakhamuzi ngokwabo.