Isithonjana Virgin. Isithonjana "Nesisa" the Virgin Ubusisiwe. isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso

Image of the Virgin - lo ohlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaKristu. Kodwa ikakhulukazi uthando-ke eRussia. Ekhulwini XII kwase kunesiqiniseko iholidi entsha isonto - nokuVikelwa Virgin. Isithonjana elinesithombe yakhe isibe shrine eyinhloko amathempeli amaningi. I Blessed Virgin kwabonakala umxhasi nomvikeli Russia. isithonjana Novgorod we uNina kaNkulunkulu "Nesisa" ikhophi umfanekiso WaseByzantium, sabhalwa ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.

Ekhulwini XIV eMoscow ekugcineni laba isikhungo zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni eRussia, futhi Cathedral of kweNyuka ngesikhathi yabizwa ngokuthi "iNdlu Virgin."

Umsuka walo iconography

Isithombe sokuqala Our Lady of mlando uphola ekuqaleni ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu. Catacombs Priskily izindikimba ngemifanekiso of the Virgin eye yatholakala bahlehlela emuva II leminyaka. Izithombe the Virgin Ubusisiwe ekuqaleni kobuKristu, lasetshenziswa the iziqukathi lempepho. ampoules okunjalo, ehlotshiswe izigcawu kweBhayibheli ndawonye kwethulwa phambi mayelana 600, Indlovukazi amaLombard Theodelinda.

Eyokuqala ukhipha Virgin Ubusisiwe

Ngonyaka 431 UMkhandlu wase-Efesu egunyazelwe ukwenza Maria esiphakade kwesokudla ukubizwa ngokuthi uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, ezivusa amadlingozi uvele isithonjana Virgin ifomu evamile kithi. Wasinda izithombe eziningana kwesikhathi. Bona eNcasakazini uMariya ngokuvamile ibonakala ohlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi ephethe ingane.

Ukubona UnguNina KaNkulunkulu atholakala yamatshe okuqala ukuthi kuhlobisa amathempeli ubudala. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa:

• ibandla eliRoma Santa Madzhore (sangomhla emuva V leminyaka);

• isonto leminyaka VII ka Panagia Angeloktisti elise Cyprus.

Kodwa abadwebi kusukela waseConstantinople kunganikeza lesi sithombe ukuvumelana ekhethekile. Church of St Sophia idume yamatshe yayo IX-XII Emakhulwini eminyaka lapho kunezinhlobo ezahlukene iconography the Virgin. EByzantium - lapho kudabuka khona izithombe ezinhle iNcasakazi eCwebileyo. Enye yalezi imifanekiso walethwa Russia. Kamuva, wayeselahlekelwe okuthiwa uVladimir futhi isibe lokuma we Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia iconography. isithonjana Novgorod we uNina kaNkulunkulu "Nesisa" okungukuthi, njengoba sekushiwo, ikhophi yesithombe WaseByzantium.

Izinhlobo Marian imifanekiso

Ezicezile iconography 4 main isithombe iqembu intombi Oluhlanzekile umcondvo lobalulekile:

• "Ukwazi" (inguqulo ufushanisiwe wabizwa ngokuthi "Orans"). Lolu hlobo iconographic kubhekwa te kakhulu ngokuqukethwe zenkolo. The main theme lapha - incarnation.

• "Hodegetria", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka lesiGreki lisho "Putevoditelnitsa".

• "Nesisa" - igama kusukela lesiGreki "Eleousa" ( "abanesihe").

• Eyesine is evamile ngokuthi Akafistnym. Umqondo oyinhloko kwemifanekiso - ukukhazinyuliswa UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Lezi zithombe zahlukahlukene kakhulu.

Uhlobo iconographic ka "Ukwazi"

Kulesi recensions iqembu oNgcwele Virgin amela bethandaza. Imelelwa yobude obugcwele noma afika ekhalweni. On isifuba Umama kaKristu kuyinto medallion ngesithombe zomuntu ongakazalwa uMsindisi. Isithonjana Ngimsulwa ethandaza lifanekisela ngokuzalwa virgin Kristu, ubunye umama Ezingane oNgcwele. Lolu hlobo kuhlanganisa Oranta Yaroslavl, eKursk Umsuka, Novgorod "I Omen". Oranta - inguqulo okulula zezimpawu lapho Virgin umelwe ngaphandle ingane futhi siwuphawu esontweni.

Iconography "Hodegetria"

A owande kakhulu Marian izithombe. imifanekiso enjalo the Virgin kanye Ingane ihlanganise embonweni wokuthi UnguNina KaNkulunkulu kusiholela ukholo, kuKristu. The Virgin uvezwa frontally oplechno noma ngezinye izikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi okuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi yena uphethe usana, kanye nezinye amaphuzu kuJesu. Lesi senzo somusa has anencazelo ejulile. Virgin ikhombisa njengo endleleni yeqiniso - kuNkulunkulu, ukuze ukholo.

Kristu ngesandla esisodwa uyababusisa unina, futhi naye futhi wonke ethembekile. Esikhathini nezinye - uphethe incwadi, wandisa noma kwadilika umqulu. Okungenani - zikhipha futhi intonga. Isithonjana edume kunayo Virgin yalolu hlobo: Smolensk, Iver, Tikhvin, uPetru, Kazan.

I iconography the Virgin "Nesisa"

Lezi zithombe - the lyrical iningi labo, lapho kuboniswa UnguNina KaNkulunkulu kanye nengane, ukwangana emqaleni. Izithombe zikamama nomntwana - uphawu Kristu kanye Church of Christ.

Enye uhlobo - "Vzygranie". Lapha ingane abhalwe ngendlela khulula, ngesandla esisodwa uthinta ubuso Virgin.

Kulezi kwezithombe zikaMariya iwuphawu hhayi kuphela umama kodwa komphefumulo siseduze noNkulunkulu. touch Mutual obubili - kunguKristu kanye Church of Christ, ubunye lasemhlabeni wasezulwini.

Kunenye ezihlukahlukene lolu hlobo - "Milkgiver". Lezi mpawu the Virgin webele-feed izinsana. Ngakho wenza umfanekiso zibonisa ukondliwa okungokomoya wabangcwele.

Volokolamskaya, uVladimir, Yaroslavl imifanekiso the Virgin kukhona lolu hlobo izithombe yesithombe engcwele.

"Akafistnye" isithonjana Virgin

Izithombe yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile baphathe izici eziyisisekelo, kodwa kufanele uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye nemininingwane. Lezi iconography zihlanganisa imifanekiso ezifana "Burning Bush" Our Lady - "olunikeza ukuphila Spring", Our Lady - "Khweza Nerukosechnaya".

Ostrabramskaya-Wilensky, "sezingubo Wobubi Izinhliziyo" - isithonjana ezingavamile the Virgin, eyayithi uvezwa ngaphandle ingane. Ngokuvamile ibekwa okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi "Akafistnym". Omunye wabo, uSeraphim Diveevo isithonjana "Nesisa" Blessed Virgin Mary was indlela ozithandayo Serafima Sarovskogo, abagcotshwa ngemva kokufa njengomuntu olungile. Umpristi yena walibiza ngokuthi "Injabulo yazo zonke nezinjabulo" futhi ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni kuye ezofuna usizo. Bese ehamba kwelinye izwe phambi kwalesi ubuso.

Izimiso iconography Our Lady, ukubaluleka uhlamvu

Ngokwenkolelo-Orthodox, usebenzisa izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi yesithombe the Virgin izingubo: ingubo eluhlaza, ikepisi okwesibhakabhaka kanye cherry amabhodi ekhanda, eyaziwa nangokuthi "mafory". into ngayinye kunenjongo lalo. Three igolide izinkanyezi ku isembatho - uphawu kathathu we Immaculate Conception, ukuzalwa nokufa, asemaphethelweni ke - uphawu inkazimulo. ibhodi ngokwayo limelela umama, zingezikaNkulunkulu, nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka izingubo - ubuthina.

Ezimweni Akwaziwa ukwephula amasiko. Lokhu isetshenziswa abadwebi ukugqamisa kuzici ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugcizelela ubuqotho, umsulwa ka UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, kuvezwa wakhe ingubo eluhlaza. Virgin Akhtyrskaya - okufana ezinjalo.

Ukubhala ngaphandle nejazi Virgin Ubusisiwe futhi njengokwephula ka canons isonto.

Imithetho Orthodox, ngisho umqhele, uphawu zombuso, ukuyichazela phezulu ebhodini. Ngakho Novodvorskaja imifanekiso ezibhaliwe, Holmovskaya. I umqhele ekhanda the Virgin wafika iconography Eastern yobuKristu eNtshonalanga Yurophu, izithombe ekuseni ikhanda of the Virgin Mary embozwe mafory kuphela.

amasiko Russian ku iconography ka UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Image of the Virgin sobukhosi, evame kakhulu phakathi izithombe Italo-Greek. Ukubhala 'indlovukazi yamazulu', ehlezi esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi noma yobude obugcwele, eRussia it is ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa emikhulu izingoma: ku nemidwebo noma iconostasis.

Iconographers owayethandeka kakhulu ngaphezulu noma okhalweni oplechnoe isithombe iNdlovukazi yezulu. Ngakho zadalwa ukuhlukumeza ecacile uvale inhliziyo. Lokhu kungaba kakhulu zingachazwa ngezinqubo indima ekhethekile ekukhulekeleni eRussia: linjalo, umlingani ekuphileni, futhi ingcwele futhi yesonto ngendlela nomndeni amagugu isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye. Shono abantu Virgin kwabonakala intercessor, okungase ukuthambisa intukuthelo Ijaji Kubi. Futhi isithombe amadala futhi "namolennye", amandla ngaphezulu it has.

Inani elikhulu imifanekiso indawo yokulala emizini amakholwa futhi amasonto - isici esasenza izwe Russian. izithombe Abaningi laseTheotokos kubhekwa ngokuyisimangaliso, njengobufakazi kuqinisekiswa ubufakazi eziningi.

Our Lady - ubufakazi futhi umhlanganyeli yomlando Russian

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ezihambisana umlando Russian icon the Virgin, ukubaluleka ongeke overestimated. Esinye isibonelo encane - isithonjana St. uTheodore:

• Ngo 1239, le ndlela Prince Yaroslav wayibusisa lendvodzana yakhe Alexander ukushada Princess Paraskevnoy. Lolu phawu kuhambisana Alexander nke yemikhankaso yezempi. Kamuva, ngaphambi nje kokuba lesi ubuso Our Lady of Saint-Alexander waba indela.

• Ngo 1613, ngaphambi ngale ndlela Mikhail Romanov embusweni Zemsky Sobor, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi. UTheodore uNina kaNkulunkulu wafakaza yezifungo ukuthembeka iRussia, abantu bayo kanye iSonto Lobu-Orthodox.

• Ekhulwini XVIII, wonke amalungu asebukhosini ziyadingeka ukuza umlilo umnsalo ukuhlukumeza eyisimangaliso, okwaqala ngokubekwa umlando we Romanov lwamakhosi.

Ukukhuluma esithile kufanele senziwe uVladimir Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, eyethulwe uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Russian waseConstantinople Luka Hrizovergom ekhulwini XII. Ngokusho yetinsita umthandazo phambi kwalesi sithombe ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ukulondolozwa eMoscow kubahlaseli.

Amandla okwenza izimangaliso ka UnguNina KaNkulunkulu isithonjana

Abaningi imifanekiso Blessed Virgin Mary kubhekwe ngokuyisimangaliso. Ziyakwazi nolimi kusukela yokuphila kwamaKristu. Bahlala nabantu nokusiza ekuhluphekeni.

Ezinye eMoscow izimangaliso zokusebenza isithonjana Virgin:

1. UVladimir egcinwe lebandleni St Nicholas. Kukholakala ukuthi kathathu bavikela Russia ezitheni. Ngenxa yokuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ukugubha lolu uphawu izikhathi 3 ngonyaka: ngo-June, July no-September.

2. Tikhvin isithonjana "Nesisa" Blessed Virgin Mary ukuthi kuhlobisa ethempelini igama elifanayo eMoscow. Ngo-1941, indiza nale ndlela kathathu azungeza inhloko-dolobha, ngemva kwalokho kuhlasela undlovukayiphikiswa emzini sanqamuka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le isonto ayivaliwe ngisho kwamaSoviet.

3. Isithonjana Virgin "Abanesihe", kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto ka esigodlweni Conception ukuthi wanika abesifazane abaningi injabulo umama.

"Ababhubhayo" Iver uNina kaNkulunkulu "Soothe kwemihelo Kwami" - kuphela ingxenye yesithombe ngokuyisimangaliso eMoscow iNdlovukazi yezulu. Akunakwenzeka ngisho ukubala ukuthi zingaki wabo ku nsimu enkulu yeRussia.

Wonderworking Kazan Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Lesi sithombe ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Kazan Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu yabonisa esimangalisweni has kwalo 1579 emva umlilo omkhulu kuleli dolobha, lapho kutholakala phakathi komlotha ngokuphelele ayithinteki emlilweni.

Ziningi ukuphulukisa abagulayo, usizo ezindabeni wethulwa ezamukela enguqulweni abathembekile. Kodwa izimangaliso ebaluleke kakhulu yalolu hlelo isithonjana lihlotshaniswa ukuzivikela Russian obuKristu lawobaba kusukela abahlaseli.

Kakade phakathi kwekhulu XVII Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ngaphambilini ukusungula behlonipha wakhe iholide lonke. Kwathi ngemva kokuzalwa ngempumelelo i indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian phakathi isevisi Vespers yokudumisa Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu. Lolu phawu livele njengoba engumxhasi ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini.

Umlawuli Kutuzov, uya eMpini Yezwe II ngo-1812, waguqa ngamadolo phambi shrine wacela intercession wakhe. Ngemva kokunqoba kuka-Napoleon, yena prepodnos isipho iKazan Cathedral konke kuyasuswa esiliva French.

Imure-Ukusakaza yokukhulekela izithombe UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Lena esinye sezimangaliso enkulu ehlotshaniswa ne imifanekiso. Kusenzima ayitholakalanga incazelo kungani ukusakaza imifanekiso nemure. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenzeka ngosuku olwandulela sibhicongo njengoba isikhumbuzi wokona wobuntu sokuphenduka. Kuyini lokhu mkhuba? On izithombe avele elimnandi liquid okusikhumbuza nemure. Nokuvumelana futhi umbala waso zingahluka - kusukela esobala namazolo viscous resin amnyama. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusakaza Akuzona nje izithombe imure ebhaliwe phezu kwesihlahla. Lokhu kwenzeka nge yasezindongeni, izithombe, imifanekiso metal ngisho amakhophi.

Futhi manje kukhona izimangaliso ezifanayo. Eziningana kweshumi Tiraspol imifanekiso waqala ukusakaza imure esikhathini kusuka 2004 kuya 2008. Kwaba isixwayiso SeNkosi izenzakalo olunegazi yaseBeslan, Georgia, Orange Revolution e-Ukraine.

Omunye lezi zithombe, "Imicibisholo Seven" isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (elinye igama - "sezingubo Wobubi Izinhliziyo"), waqala ukusakaza imure ngoMeyi 1998. Lesi simangaliso uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

On ukuvikelwa yendlu - UnguNina oNgcwele kaNkulunkulu

Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu nakanjani babe endlini ikholwa oyikhathalelayo ukuphepha emakhaya abo.

Kukholakala ukuthi umthandazo phambi kobuso bakhe ukuvikela bonke abantu abahlala endlini ngomqondo esithobayo ngokwenyama nangokomoya. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo isiko ukubeka phezu komnyango umnyango isithonjana endlini the Virgin bese ubuza Ukuvikelwa naye futhi amsekele. LaseTheotokos ozithandayo kakhulu ukuhlukumeza: Iver, Seven Arrows "udonga inviolable", "Burning Bush" kanye nabanye. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-860 amagama uNina kaNkulunkulu. Khumbula zonke zazo akunakwenzeka futhi akudingekile. Ukukhetha umthandazo, kubalulekile ukulalela inhliziyo yakho futhi wenze ngokuvumelana neseluleko salo.

Hhayi nje amakholwa avamile, kodwa uphawu yenkosi ohlonishwayo kakhulu Virgin. Isithombe sithathwe ekamelweni yenkosi u-Alexander, kuqinisekisa lokhu.

Isithonjana Virgin Ingane pha induduzo usizi, inkululeko izifo, ukuqonda okungokomoya yalabo abanhliziyo imithandazo ukholo ngobuqotho nokungangabazi kuphela. Into eyinhloko ukuba ukhange Virgin Ubusisiwe babevela abe nenhliziyo ehlanzekile futhi izinhloso zazizinhle.

Ukukhazinyuliswa UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Universal uthando Orthodox kulesi sithombe ongcwele kubonakala inqwaba emadilini isonto behlonipha wakhe. Cishe njalo ngenyanga konyaka kunosuku enjalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi eziningana. Mayelana 260 izithombe ngokuyisimangaliso uMarian ezishiwo ikhalenda Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

Okubalulekile-Orthodox iholide - lokulabhela UnguNina KaNkulunkulu - yaba kuncike igama izithonjana efanayo. Kulezi recensions iNcasakazi uMariya kusenzo ukukhula ngokugcwele. Ezandleni zakhe phambi kwakhe ulokhu embozwe isithombe kaKristu noma cha. -Found ekupheleni XX leminyaka abantu ePort Arthur Isithonjana "solemnity kaMariya" waba uphawu lokuhlala ukuvuselelwa ngokomoya Russia kanye isikhumbuzi ukubaluleka isithombe emlandweni wezwe. Wakhe ngokuya babephakathi liyahlonishwa kakhulu imifanekiso Russian.