Georgia ne Abkhazia: ukungqubuzana izimbangela

Impi, ludvweshu, izidubedube - kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi esibuhlungu. Ikakhulukazi uma inqubo ihlala amashumi eminyaka. Mathupha inhlekelele enjalo uyazi Georgia ne Abkhazia - ukungqubuzana kubo uyisibonelo esivelele yokungezwani kazwelonke kanye nobutha. Kodwa kungani kwenzeka? Lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Zikhona amaphuzu amaningana umbono inkinga ngxabano lezizwe ezimbili Caucasian. Omunye wabo - umqondo fair, owawuthi phakathi Georgians futhi Abkhazians akukho ukushayisana acute, ezifana phakathi Armenia Azerbaijanis. Lokho ngokomlando lawa amabili eduze kumasiko nokwazisa zinhlanga abantu. inzondo Mutual latshaleka kuphela ngemva ukungqubuzana ngokushesha. It kwabangelwa eyayenziwe ngokusebenzisa inkulumo-ze abezindaba ubuchwepheshe obehlukene zezombusazwe.

Kodwa-ke kukhona umbuzo ongaziwa. Indlela ukuchaza lobu butha? Akakwazi zenzeka endaweni cleaner esebenzisa zezombusazwe PR-ubuchwepheshe.

Izimpendulo zale mibuzo ukunikeza umqondo ezahlukene. Kusekelwe khona ukungqubuzana eminyaka ubudala phakathi kwabantu ababili.

prehistory

Abkhazians - abantu, zinhlanga nakutemasiko eduze Adygei. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 lama-20 lalingazi ukuzimela, futhi babe ukuzimela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zoMbuso Russian.

Kuze ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ubukhulu kwaba ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwesivikelo Turkey. Kuphela kusukela 1810 i-Abkhaz aqala 'ukuhlanganisa "eRussia.

Kuze 1864 ubukhulu babekwazi, okuyinto elahlekile ngo-1866. Kuthiwa abantu bendawo bengalamukeli ngayo ukwesula. ngemva kweminyaka emibili yaqala nokuvukela mass kanye nemibhikisho. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi impi Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878. Abkhazians oyikhethile ohlangothini isitha. Lokhu kunengqondo, isb. Ukuze. I asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu khumbula isikhathi lapho izwe lakithi ngaleso sikhathi ukuzimela ngaphakathi Turkey. Russian Empire axazulula inkinga ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ephoqelekile ukuthutha ngaphandle ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.
2. kabusha Wendawo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu Abkhazia yesimanje lahlukaniswa. Sukhumi wesifunda ongaphansi ekuphathweni Russian e Tbilisi futhi Gagra ne ezizungezile kwaba ingxenye yesifundazwe Black Sea.

It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi, ngokomlando, kuyinto kade kwenzeka ukungqubuzana Georgian futhi Abkhazia. 1992 lokho kwakumane kuyisiqalo izingxabano, ngemiphumela futhi azikaze iqedwe kuze kube manje. Ngaphandle kokuthatha iphuzu draw ka buka, ngifuna uqaphele ukuthi ngaphambi kokungena eU.SSR ukuzimela wayengalokothi ngokugcwele ingxenye Georgia.

Georgia ne Abkhazia: ingxabano. Isizathu sokuba ngxabano

kwekuhlela kabusha nezokuphatha Empire Russian bese eSoviet Union futhi kwaholela ingxabano ahlomile. Njengoba uMongameli wezwe V. Putin, amaKhomanisi akazange ngisho wabeka ungowami, ibhomu le-athomu ngaphansi kokusekelwa isimo, uhlukanisa izwe phakathi kazwelonke, kunokuba okuzimela indawo nge isimiso federalism. Le mpi ephakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia yisibonelo, ngokunembile, isiqinisekiso lamagama. Uma wahlukanisa endaweni ye-USSR kwaba ukuzimela olulodwa ngaphakathi Georgian SSR.

Isithombe se- "isitha" e izingqondo Abkhazians

Ngaqala ukuba livele futhi ezifakelwa kusukela 30s ekuseni. Umlando kwesikhathi ayenawo impi yombango kulandelwe "ngaphansi kweSoviet" isimo ngandlela-thile izindleko ngokungafanele Abkhazia. Ngo asekelayo amaBolshevik ngokumelene Menshevik futhi iWhite Guard of Georgia, kamuva kwathiwa lebhalwe lokugcina khona, kulokhu sase eSoviet. Image of isitha selingenile ukwakha e izingqondo zabaningi. Phela, umzabalazo phakathi ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu lapha eqala ubunjalo ngokuceka zemvelo ngokuphelele yobuhlanga. Wahlupheka Yiqiniso, bobabili Georgia ne Abkhazia.

Ingxabano kwagqashuka ngakho ngesisekelo kulwiwa. Ezinye wasekela Mensheviks kanye Abamhlophe. Georgians. Abkhazians - amaBolshevik. Kodwa ngemva kokunqoba beqembu Lenin yamuva ngokungabi nabulungisa bazithola indima le ezinqotshiwe. Ukunqotshwa kwe-side wokulahlekelwa esikhathini esizayo yathela izithelo.

Kusukela ngo-1930 uqala nangobudlova kwamasiko kanye wezomthetho Georgians maqondana Abkhazians. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igunya kukaStalin ngo lizwe ngaphandle kwemibandela. Georgians baye baba "amakhosi" olusebenza-egcwele eCaucasus.

Iqala "kuhlasela" ku Abkhazia kuzo zonke izindawo:

• Elokuqala republic amabili, eyayihunyushwe "behliselwe phansi" isimo. Iqiniso nje ukuthi Authority sangena Georgian SSR kusikisela sengqondo ngendelelo ekufezeni Abkhaz abantu yiziphathimandla. Kubonakala kabuhlungu phakathi nezihlakaniphi futhi asebebadala. Georgians emehlweni abo - izitha. Akukona kangaka ukulahlekelwa isimo republic ahlukene, kodwa eqinisweni, ukuze okwathiwa yayinqoba Abkhazia.
• Yethulwa kuleli Georgian zamagama ishadi.
• Isikole zihunyushelwe "isitha" ulimi.
• inqubomgomo ayeba wezifiki Georgians e Abkhazia. Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka isilinganiso kwababaleki ilungu lalolo hlanga kwaba-48 52. Lokho cishe isigamu sabantu -. Natives saseGeorgia, ngubani wayenamalungelo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise kuqala ukuqasha. Izinyathelo ezinjalo abantu disenfranchised ezweni lakubo, lapho ayikwazanga kubonakala omubi uhlobano phakathi kwezizwe amabili angomakhelwane.
• Abezindaba e Abkhazia osakaza kuphela ngezilimi Russian futhi Georgian. Yikuphi futhi emenza ukunganeliseki phakathi bendawo, okuyinto ihlonipha nesiko lako namasiko.

Ngemva umbuso kukaStalin phakathi "ncibilika" kuleli zwe iqala. Waletha abantu entabeni abezindaba ngolimi lwabo, ulimi lwendabuko esikoleni, ukunciphisa ubandlululo.

Manje singamcela kombuzo: "? Ingabe Abkhazia ukungqubuzana wayenaye Georgia" Indaba linikeza impendulo omuhle.

Imizamo uphume GSPC

Phakathi nengxenye kwekhulu lama-20 kwesibili, Abkhazians wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze secede kusukela Georgian SSR. Izikhathi eziningana nezazi kazwelonke ukuvusela eMoscow nge izincwadi ezisemthethweni ngokuhlanganyela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kuyinto eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1977. wabizwa ngokuthi "Incwadi ka-130" emlandweni. Konke Abkhaz nezazi, zonke owaziwa futhi kwabantu abahlonishwa ukuzimela ukubeka amasignisha zabo kukho. "Incwadi 130" kwakubhekwa ngabantu njengoba uhlobo inhlolovo ku ophumayo laseGeorgia. It ebuzwa izakhamizi ukuze ujoyine ukuzimela noma lapho isibuyele eRussia, noma ukudala i-republic ahlukene, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili uStalin.

lekomiti yesifunda Isi-Abkhazian wagxeka abantu wasayina incwadi, ka ukuhlambalaza. Ngo-1978, emhlanganweni wesigodi okhethekile ngale ndaba. Bonke abaholi Communist ukugxekile lokhu "Incwadi", ebiza abahleli "bakhi". Ngakho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Abkhazia wayenamandla ezingqubuzana Georgia. Umlando ngempi yabo ayizange iqale ne "olunegazi" ngo-1992, kodwa kuqala emuva impela.

Phakathi nale nkathi, iziphathimandla sebeqala "ukushweleza" sabantu:

• Kukhishwe zamagama Georgian. Kunalokho, wathumela zamagama zesiCyrillic.
• Ivunyelwe yezokusakaza khulula ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, okuyinto kanye Russian futhi uhulumeni Georgian neyaziwayo ukuzimela.
• Izindawo Limited Georgians e Abkhazia, owawuke besekele.

izisulu kuqala

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo. XX leminyaka Union waqala ukuwa. Kwacaca ukuthi izingxabano zobuzwe imayelana yaqhuma. Uhulumeni Georgian kwadingeka ukuba asondele ngokucophelela isixazululo mayelana nodaba Isi-Abkhazian. Kunalokho, abaholi Republican Party of Patiashvili futhi angene esikhundleni sakhe ngo-1989 Gumbaridze waqala ngaqomisana isizwe, naye ethemba ukuthi uzothola ukuze uzohlala emandleni uma kwenzeka kuqedwa i-USSR.

Isimo sishubile ukuze iforamu "Idgylara" engxenyeni yabo bonke abahlala yokuzimela ukuvusela Gorbachev nge isicelo-kuya RSFSR. Uma kwenzeka lokukhansela edingekayo ukuze ngokushesha ukwethula inqubo ekhethekile yokulawula. Lezi zimfuneko eMoscow omane indiva.

Kusukela 15 kuya 18 July 1989 belukhumbula Georgia ne Abkhazia: ukungqubuzana ukuthi kwakukhula kuze kube ngxabano ahlomile. Kwakumelwe izisulu zokuqala. abantu abangu-12 bashona. Wonke umuntu waqonda ukuthi lena kuphela "lesibonakaliso sokuqala", akakude emikhulu empini. Georgia ne Abkhazia baqale ukuqeqeshwa.

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union: bangasephula imingcele futhi ilungelo izizwe lekutimela?

Ngakho lokho ngiso lesibangela kushayisana phakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia? Lo mbuzo kunzima ukuphendula ngokushesha futhi ngokungananazi. Esikhathini "Georgia ne Abkhazia: ingxabano. Isizathu "sahlola izimpande zomlando kokungqubuzana. Ngemva kokuwa likahulumeni waseSoviet kwanezelwa namanje zomthetho. Nokho, izinkinga ezifana abhekene hhayi kuphela amaqembu alwayo. abadlali abaningi bangaphambili republic aseSoviet, ezizimele kanye kazwelonke atholakele ngokwabo ubhekene nesinqumo esinzima: ukuthi benzeni kulesi simo?

kwezinkambiso zomthetho ukuthi iyaphikisana

• Umgomo we bangasephula imingcele Georgia ngokuhambisana UN Ukulungiswa.
• Ilungelo lezizwe lokuzibusa. Njengomthetho umthetho international, ngemvume yiZizwe Ezihlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ne ukusungulwa eSoviet Union , Lenin, naphezu ukuphikisa umbuthano weqembu wangaphakathi, kuhlanganise Stalin, waba negalelo elikhulu Union iSivumelwano isimiso federalism project nge ilungelo ukhululekile secede kusukela Union republic. Autonomous lesiFunda abadlali kazwelonke banelungelo ezinjalo.

Ekusebenteni, yebo, lokhu kwakunganele. Lona nje isimemezelo bokuzisholo. Abkhazia kathathu wazama secede kusuka Georgia. Kodwa wenqaba.

Kodwa! Isikhulu Communist Congress akukaze waqinisekisa kwesokudla abantu Abkhazia ukuba secede. E. ukuphathwa Cishe ezizimele ayisekeli okufunwa labantu. Ngenxa yalokho, isimiso esingokomthetho kwezimpawu yokuzithandela akazange aphule kuze 1989.

Uhlelo apharathasi zokuphatha selakhiwe ngendlela ezifana ukuvimbela nokonakala esemthethweni ye-USSR. Nge eza emandleni Gorbachev, zonke izinguquko kakhulu. Manje wamemezela isimiso izinqumo ngentando yeningi. Ngisho yombuso baba umongameli akhethwe okhethweni lukazwelonke, kunokuba uNobhala leKomiti Central we CPSU. Lokhu kusho ukuthi manje akusona amakomiti Republican Party sincume kutsi sitawuniketa ilungelo eziyihlazo ukuhoxisa, ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka, futhi abantu bebonke. It Abkhazia futhi wafuna ukusizakala leli lungelo.

1992 futhi kwathatha uMthethosisekelo omusha "ubudala"

Kuyinto nje mayelana soMthethosisekelo wezwe 1925. Lowo lapho Lenin "ukuxazulula" zonke republic ngokukhululekile secede base-USSR. Ngokusho isibonelo US, lapho ngokuzithandela kwamazwe lokuqala "khulula" kwakungekaNkulunkulu isimo futhi likwazi ukuhlukaniseka kalula ukuphuma. Kuwo womabili la mazwe, leli lungelo akakho owake wathatha ngokwehluleka.

Kodwa Supreme Council of Abkhazia unqume ukuvikela leli lungelo futhi secede kusuka Georgia. Uma ngo-1977 no-1989, le efana abantu ngaphandle ukusekela lekomiti yesifunda, manje olusemthethweni njengegunya eliphakeme ebunyeni nge iningi izakhamuzi ezivamile yamemezela ehoxile.

NgokoMthethosisekelo ka-1925, Abkhazia - the lelitimele okungukuthi kumigomo voluntariness nokulingana kuyingxenye ye-USSR. Yiqiniso, kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, akekho okwadingeka iliphi ilungelo ukuphuca republic of isimo salo futhi "jika" kuya ukuzimela. Kodwa okwamanje ezweni wahlala ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo wanga-1978, wenza isenzo esinjalo emthethweni.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Juni 23, 1992 Supreme Council Authority yamemezela ushintsho seMtsetfosisekelo 1925, owawuthi lizwe liyinkampani somthetho esizimele. Ngemva kwenyanga, Georgia wajoyina UN, okwamnika ithuba ngokomthetho "ukulungisa" I-republic umngcele ukuthi yayikhona ngaphambi kokuwa USSR. Manje, Abkhazians, kusukela umbono umthetho international, babe AmaSeparatist kancane izisekelo uhlelo eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. I zinqobe phakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia kuba akunakugwenywa.

izigaba ukuphikiswa

1. Of 1989-1992. - zezombusazwe kanye zomthetho. Zombili izinhlangothi izame ukuvikela ngombono wakhe, usebenzisa izindlela ezingokomthetho. Abkhazians wagomela ngokuthi isenzo sokungena ezweni labo Georgia akuyona zomthetho. NgokoMthethosisekelo ka-1925, uMbuso sangena eSoviet Union njalo alinganayo. Kusho kwakuwukuthi nelilodwa kwenye kalungisiswa. Umzabalazo kwaba ngaphakathi "Isi-Abkhazian" umphakathi. Inqubomgomo yokukhuthaza abasuka Georgia akwenzele umsebenzi walo. Umphakathi kwamiswa division. "Ukuthi lolusuku zomthetho" of Abkhazia nezaba Georgia ngokwayo, okuyinto wazama secede base-USSR, ngomunye wabokuqala. Inikeza isizathu sikhundla ilungelo izizwe lokuzibusa. Ngenxa yalokho, Abkhazia Ungaphinda usebenzise isimiso esifanayo, futhi secede kusuka Georgia.
2. Ngo 1992-1994. - ngxabano ahlomile.
3. 1994-2008 GG. - umzamo ukuxazulula lesi simo ngokuthula.
4. 2008 - kuze kube manje - ukudamba kokungqubuzana. "Usuku-5 impi" nokuhlanganyela waseRussia yeenkhali. Ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse. Kodwa lutho sishintsha. Manje baye ezimele ezinye futhi Georgia Abkhazia ukungqubuzana ngamunye. Kafushane ngalokhu kamuva.

Georgia ngokwayo wabhubhisa zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele, okuyinto babeka nezaba khona ukubunjwa yayo Abkhazia. Ngo-1992 wawuyeka uMthethosisekelo eU.SSR ngo-1978. E. It bebekela, okuyinto ihlukane izingxenye yena.

Ngo-August 1992, Abkhazia langena amabutho Georgian njalo nge wezikhali esindayo tanks. Yaqala impi emikhulu. Ngaphezu izisulu, ayizange ukuletha lutho Georgia. Umphakathi ezinamandla e ukuzimela (ayizinkulungwane 240. Pers.) Ingabe inikezwe lutho. Ukubalwa phambi yasekhaya kalungisiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe ezimbili Georgian babukhona nakwa Gagra futhi Gantiadi okuyinto uyekwa. izakhamuzi zakhona axoshwe.

imiphumela

Inamandla ayehlakazekele Georgian (cishe kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele Imininingwane), okuyinto amashumi eminyaka, kancani kancani batheleka Abkhazia, uwuchithe kusuka ngaphakathi, ngomzuzwana kwesokunxele ukuzimela. Le mpi yabadalela angaba yizinkulungwane 20. Ukufa, okuyimali eningi kabi ngoba isimo encane kangaka.

Ababaleki njengebhizinisi

indaba nakuba kuyinto nababaleki eminyakeni. Ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, lezi abantu ezimpini phakathi kwemibuso abadinga usizo. Lawa ababaleki Georgian owashiya Abkhazia.

Kodwa isithombe ongaziwa: wonke umphakathi ayizinkulungwane 240 Georgians e Abkhazia abaphuma (emazweni ahlukahlukene) .. Kodwa imithombo ezisemthethweni sengathi sibalo -. Ayizinkulungwane 300 isimo icacisa usizo lwezimali enikeziwe ababaleki. UN inike $ 6 umuntu ngamunye ngosuku. Imali uthola igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini olusemthethweni Georgia, okuyinto selekelelo wanelisekile ngempela. Ngokwemvelo, "kwakunemikhaya ababaleki", okuyiwona isabelomali uthola imali esezingeni elifanele. Ngokusho imithombo ezisemthethweni, 1 million 800 ayizinkulungwane. Dollars ngelilanga usizo UN.

Kule kusobala ukuthi ngesimo esingokomthetho Abkhazia obonwa Georgia. T. k. I-UN kumelwe ngisize ababaleki. Ngenxa yalokho, idinga usizo lwezimali, Georgia ibona kanye iqiniso lokuthi laba bantu kusukela kwenye geqe. Phela, i-UN akaphoqelekile ukunikela isizo leemali uma kwenzeka ukungqubuzana ezweni elithile.

"Usuku-5 impi." Usizo Russian

Ingxabano yangaphakathi phakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia kwakukhula kuze kube i international neRussia. Kwathi ngo-August 2008. wezikhali Georgian esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi idolobha obunokuthula Ukuzimela, naphezu kuzo we Russian Federation yokugcinwa kokuthula amabutho ngaphansi ifulege UN.

Lesi senzo wabonwa uMongameli Russian D. A. Medvedevym njengoba kohlanga obunokuthula labantu Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. Eqondiswa nguMthethosisekelo, owawuthi isimo uvikela takhamiti tawo yayo kanye ukuzimela babebaningi, umlawuli omkhulu ngaphambilini "zokuvikela" izakhamuzi ezibulewe futhi isenzo "ukuthula ukuphoqelelwa". Ngo Abkhazia wangena Russian amasosha avamile.

Amasosha abaye khona, mina banelungelo lezinzuzo kubahlanganyeli izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali. Abkhazia futhi Georgia - kukhona izinhlangano angaphandle. Ngakho lowo wayekhona, has isimo ababuya empini, hhayi umhlanganyeli yokusebenza antiterrorist, kokubili ensimini ka Chechnya naseDagestan.

Le mpi ephakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia ngo-2008 yaphela ngemva kwezinsuku 5 inhlolovo wokuzimela republic sika. Iqiniso liwukuthi bambalwa kakhulu abantu bakubone lokhu isimo enkundleni yomhlaba.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukungqubuzana Georgia ne Abkhazia ngo-2008 - kuyinto impi yokuqala ahlomile ngokombono umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, wakhe ubuhanjelwe WWII Russian.

Imiphumela

On kuyofika kohulumeni bamazwe kwakukhona uthi ezimbili ezimele - Georgia ne Abkhazia. Ingxabano, naphezu kwalokhu, alukapheli. Zombili izinhlangothi uyohlale ukumelela amalungelo abo. Manje Abkhazia isekelwa yi-Russia, okungase akwazi ukukwenza 1992-1994. Ukuxabana, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubonisana kanye nezomnotho. Kodwa, kubonakala sengathi ukuthula eCaucasus phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili esungulwe kuphela uma omunye uyaqaphela ilungelo izizwe lokuzibusa. Ngemva umbuso Saakashvili, Georgia uzama ukusungula enobudlelwane nge eMoscow. Izimangalo kulezi zindawo eziphoqelelwe kancane. Nokho, wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi Georgia akasoze ukwamukela ukulahlekelwa ala mazwe. Ingxabano ilokhu ingaxazululiwe.