Izimiso federalism eRussia

I izinhlobo zohulumeni, ezifana intando yeningi, okuyinto magange Russian Federation awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo esintu ayisisekelo nenkululeko, ngaphandle le ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla, ngaphandle inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye nezinye izimiso eziningi umthetho.

Okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda, yini federalism futhi yiziphi izimiso zalo eziyinhloko mali. Federalism - luhlelo oluhlanganisiwe ngaphakathi isimo esisodwa, ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo ukuthi kukhona ingxenye ukugcina inkululeko yokuzimela ngo-sphere kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, ezenhlalo, amasiko kanye nezinye izinhlaka zomphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, isihloko isimo ngamunye uhlelo federal unelungelo ukuchibiyela umthetho wendawo, kanye Isabelomali.

Ukuthuthukiswa federalism eRussia has a eside futhi Ukugibela esingemnandi. Nge isingeniso soMthethosisekelo, eyamukelwa ivoti ethandwa ngo-1993, eRussia sathola isimo lo mfelandawonye. Isigaba 5, isigaba 3 soMthethosisekelo lelipelwe izimiso eziyisisekelo federalism. Ngakho, izimiso eziyisisekelo federalism itholakala lokuthi ukuthi:

• Okokuqala, isihloko umfelandawonye (Region, Autonomous Region, izifunda, izifunda ezizimele, ngamunye emzini ukubaluleka federal) has umthetho ayo nezimiso. Republic babe uMthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho kazwelonke.
• Okwesibili, akukho okungenziwa a division of zamakhono kweenhlangano amayunithi sendawo umfelandawonye kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.
• Okwesithathu, naphezu ubukhulu zensimu, zonke izikhonzi Russian Federation bayalingana, babe namalungelo alinganayo futhi isimo jikelele kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe nezenhlalo.
• Okwesine, UMtsetfosisekelo ubetselela isimiso federalism, othi bonke abantu abahlala ensimini Russian Federation bayalingana futhi banelungelo lokuzibusa (ie, ilungelo uqoke isimo sabo zezombangazwe phakathi isimo, amasiko, isilinganiso kwezenhlalo yentuthuko umphakathi, ukushintsha ukuma indawo et al.).
• Okwesihlanu, naphezu delineation izindawo temakhono phakathi zikahulumeni nemizimba yezihloko ensimini State kukhona olulodwa, uhlelo oluhlangene kahulumeni.

Yiqiniso, izimiso ka federalism livikeleke Isigaba 5 soMthetho-sisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuze kombuso wentando yabantu. Kodwa uma sihlaziya ngokoqobo yesimanje Russian nabantu bayo multi-ethnic insimu enkulu, izimiso ka federalism kuvula lenqwaba izinkinga ezidinga izixazululo ngokushesha (lokhu kulingana uxhaso ezindaweni Russian ukusekela umnotho, futhi ukwephula amalungelo ezakhamizi ngezizathu yobuhlanga, kanye nabanye.).

UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation zibhaliswe futhi izimiso eziyisisekelo federalism kwezimali (Article 73). Izimiso federalism kwezimali kusho ukuthi ngamunye iyunithi sendawo umfelandawonye sinelungelo lokuzinqumela ngempilo yaso ekwabiweni. Kodwa imizamo kwezimali RF izifundo akufanele washintsha ngo izimiso olulodwa isimo Inqubomgomo isabelomali, izifiso, izimpokophelo izifundo yentuthuko umnotho iyonke, Federation, ukuqaliswa obezakuza kusukela isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Isimiso eziyisisekelo federalism kwezimali eRussia yokuthi kulo lonke izwe kukhona iyunifomu uhlelo intela kanye nesabelomali. Ngobunye Nangezinhlelo kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali wukuthi, okokuqala, lo mfelandawonye inohlelo olulodwa yemali futhi, okwesibili, ngoba ukwephulwa komthetho ophathelene isabelomali isiRashiya, unswinyo efanayo iyasebenza. Isimiso sesibili ka federalism kwezimali kuyindaba esizimele amabhajethi, ngamanye amazwi, amayunithi indawo babe negunya ngaphansi kwekhono le kwesabelomali inqubo, ngokomthetho evikelekile eziqoqwayo, nokuthuthukisa amaplani ukugeleza futhi izimali. Isimiso sesithathu - ukulingana kwamalungelo kwesabelomali.