Ukucindezelwa ngokuphelele emvelweni nasebuchwepheni

Ucindezelo luyingcosana e-physics ebonisa inani lamanani lezinga lamandla asebenzayo kwiyunithi etholakele yomhlaba othile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuqondiswa kwalesi sandla kunesidingo esicacile endaweni. Uma kusistimu ye-SI, eyamukelwa emazweni e-CIS, amandla angama-Newton noma amandla e-kilogram, futhi indawo ingamamentimitha ayisigremu (amamitha, amamitha), bese sithola:

P = F / S = H / cm2 = Pa

I-Pascal ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto (ezisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-physics). Njengomthetho, amanani aboniswa ku-MPa - MegaPascal. Lokhu kungcono ukunciphisa inani lama-zero. Igama elithi "umoya" ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukucindezelwa okuphelele, kanye nokucindezelwa okuhlobene, kungalinganiswa "emkhathini", ePa, nakweminye amayunithi.

Ngokwenza njalo, igama elithi "emkhathini" linemicabango eminingi: izinga elijwayelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe. Isimo esivamile, somzimba noma esivamile sichazwe ngokuthi "atm" (ata) kanti inani elijwayelekile liyi-101325 Pa, okusho ukuthi ingcindezi yekholomu ye-mercury yolwandle kanye ne-0 degrees Celsius. Ungathola futhi inkulumo engu-760 mm.rt.s. (Mm Hg). Umklamo wezobuchwepheshe awutholi lutho nesikhathi sokucindezela okuphelele, ngoba kunencazelo ehlukile kanye nezinyathelo zokulinganisa "ku" (ati). Le ncazelo ifundeka kanje: "Qinisekisa ngokuphambene ngokulinganisa (1 kg) ngokusheshisa kwegrivinywa (1g) endaweni engaphansi kweyunithi (1 cm2)".

Kukhona nezincazelo:

Ukucindezelwa okuphelele - ingcindezi elinganiselwe ehlobene nhlobo okuzenzakalelayo - i-vacuum (ata).

Ukucindezela kobudlelwane yingcindezi elinganiselwe ehlobene nesimo esivamile (ati).

Ukucindezela ngokweqile - kungaba kokulingana nesihlobo, futhi kube umehluko wawo (ati).

Ngokuvamile imiqondo yokucindezela okuphelele neyinkimbinkimbi ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezilodwa. Eqinisweni, ayikho umehluko ophawulekayo ekucindezelweni okungaphezu kwesilinganiso nangokwenyama. Lesi isivinini esikhulu sokukhuluma, esingokwezifiso ngaphezulu ukusebenzisa ochwepheshe baleli noma lelo gatsha.

Ake sibuyele emcabangweni wokucindezela okuphelele. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kunenani eliphelele, i.s. Ilinganiselwa kusuka ku-zero ngokomzimba. Kufana nesilinganiso kumbusi - ulinganisa kusuka ku-0 nokuthi udinge kangakanani. Ngokwemvelo, lo mqondo awuvami ukusetshenziselwa ekubaleni, ngoba "overboard" uhlale usuhlobo oluthile lokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukulinganisa kuwo. Isibonelo, ukucindezelwa kwamathayi we-auto master yakho ku-SRT ukutshela emkhathini (ngezimoto ezingaba ngu-2.2 atm). Ama-cylinders nawo anesisindo sokulinganisa - umoya, kodwa usuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemehluko kubalulekile.

Ngokuhlukile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukucindezela emoyeni ngokuphakama, kunjalo, kuyahlukahluka. Ukucindezela okuphelele kanye nesihlobo kushintsha ngekhilomitha ngayinye. Ukuqaphela, zonke izici zangaphandle kufanele zicatshangelwe: izinga lokushisa, ubuningi kanye nokusheshisa komonakalo. Le datha iyinhlangano yokuphakama ngayinye. Zifinyelwe etafuleni lokusakaza kwengcindezi ngokuphakama noma zingamelwa ngendlela yamagrafu. Lolu lwazi luwusizo ikakhulukazi kubanikazi bezindiza (izindiza). Njengoba indiza inezindawo eziphakeme zokusebenza kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-12 km (umgibeli). Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlelo, izingxenye kanye nokusebenza kwezinjini zezindiza kufanele zenzelwe ukucabangela izimo zangaphandle ezihlukile.

Ezweni, kusetshenziselwa amagugu ahlukene, okulinganisa kokubili ukucindezela okungaphezulu nokucindezela ngokuphelele. Konke kuncike esifundeni sendawo nendawo yesicelo. Ngezansi kukhona uchungechunge lwamayunithi ayisisekelo wokulinganisa kwengcindezi:

I-Pa = 9.87 * 10-6 atm. = 1.02 ku. = 1,02 kg / cm2 = 10-5 Ibha = 1,45 * 10-4 PSI =

= 7.5 * 10-3 mm Hg. = 0.120 mm.water.st

Njengoba kubonakala, ububanzi bezinyunithi ezingcindezi bukhulu kakhulu. Kulolu hlu emazweni e-CIS okuvame kakhulu ukuthi yi-Pa, isib., At., Kg / cm2, mm Hg.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, emvelweni nasezinkambweni kukhona ukucindezeleka okuqinile nokuphelele. Ukucindezeleka okuqinile kungukucindezelwa okulinganiselwe ukugeleza komshini osebenzayo (okusho ukucindezela kwemvelo). Ukucindezela okuphelele (ukucindezelwa okungavinjelwe) ingcindezi ilinganiselwe ngqo ekugezeni (okungukuthi, uma ukugeleza kuqhuma inzwa).

Ukucindezela kuthinta umuntu ngaphezu kokushisa, ngoba izinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu linomunye uhlobo, futhi ukucindezela - okuncane kakhulu. Yingakho abantu asebekhulile nabagulayo besabela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwengcindezi. Ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe, kusetshenziselwa ama-gauge ye-pressure - manometers, for services hydrometeorological - barometers.