UMongameli Finnish Tarja Halonen: Biography, umsebenzi zezombusazwe, umndeni, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Finnish Social Democrat Tarja Kaarina Halonen ngo-February 2000 waba ngowokuqala umongameli zesifazane yaseFinland. UNgqongqoshe Owabe Foreign sezombusazwe idume ngendlela yakhe eqondile yokuxhumana kanye nesitayela ezimele. Futhi nakuba kwaba the kamongameli uhlanga "impumulo emakhaleni" nge izimbangi, yena ngokushesha yaba omunye wabaholi ethandwa kakhulu eFinland.

Tarja Halonen: Biography

Umongameli esizayo wazalwa ngo-December 24, 1943 ku Helsinki (Finland) ngesikhathi Vieno Olavi Halonen futhi Lyuuli Elina Loimola. Lapho echithe ebuntwaneni endaweni isigaba sabasebenzi ka Kallio, igama lakhe kanye nosuku lokuzalwa wamupha isisusa ekuseni izinguquko esizayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, uma yena ngiseyintombazanyana, "Tarja" igama wayengekho ikhalenda. Futhi iyini ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni passion ushintsho njengoba lokuzalwa ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi, futhi igama engekho? "Tarja" livela egameni Russian "Daria." Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba acabangele yokuthi Halonen wazalwa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili lapho iSoviet iRed Army nswí. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Finland ngesula impi nombuso ozimele yeningi, abantu bayo ngeke ngokushesha ukhohlwe ayehlasela 1939, okuyinto oye wahlushwa wedwa.

Njengabantu abaningi abasha ka-1960, Tarja Halonen iqhaza kule nhlangano kwesokunxele bese kubhekwa Che Guevara Thixo wakhe. Wafunda e-University of Helsinki futhi wathola iziqu zomthetho wakhe ngo 1968. Ngonyaka olandelayo, Halonen wahlanganyela izindaba zomphakathi engunobhala jikelele iNational Union of abafundi Finnish. Ngo-1970, waqala ukufunda njengoba ummeli eCentral Inhlangano ye-Finnish Trade Unions.

Ngo-1971, Tarja Halonen yaba ilungu Social Democratic Party, futhi waqhubeka ukusebenza ukuqaliswa ushintsho kwezenhlalo. Phakathi izinhlangano eziningi lapho ejoyina kulokhu babe International iSolidarity Isikhwama, le Iberia-American Foundation, i-Association of Finland-Nicaragua Association Finland-Chile. Izinkinga womfelandawonye omhlaba kanye nobulungiswa benhlalo yomphakathi n uzohlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe konke.

Tarja Halonen: career zezombusazwe

Halonen waqala ukusebenza kwezombusazwe ngo-1974, lapho uNdunankulu Kalevi Sorsa esimisiwe uNobhala wakhe wePalamende. Wayeziqhuba lokhu okuthunyelwe ngonyaka. Ngo-1977 yena wakhethwa ukuba ngowokuqala imigomo eyisihlanu Helsinki City Council, lapho esebenza kuze 1996, kanti ngo-1979 yena wakhethwa ilungu ephalamende ngowokuqala lezinkathi emihlanu ilandelana (kufika ku 2000). Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu iphini, Halonen waqala inendima ngaphezulu.

Kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-1987 eseneminyaka usihlalo weKomiti Social Affairs.

Kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1995, Tarja Halonen, bekulokhu usihlalo oyiphini Wezindaba iKomiti Legal futhi kwaba usihlalo weKomiti High ngo-1995.

umsebenzi Parallel ePhalamende, wayemhlonipha izikhundla ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe ku zohulumeni abathathu abadlule. Okokuqala, kusukela ngo-1987 kuya ku-1990 eseneminyaka uNgqongqoshe Social Affairs and Health. Lokhu kwalandelwa ngokuqokwa kwakhe njengoba uNgqongqoshe izindaba Nordic Cooperation kusukela 1989 kuya 1991 Ngo-1990 waba unyaka kuNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa.

Ungalokothi uthi "akukaze"

Khona-ke, ngo-1995 yena wakhethwa uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle. Halonen aphethwe lokhu okuthunyelwe kuze ukhetho likaMengameli ngonyaka ka-2000 wakhe. Lapha yena wayehlonishwa kakhulu baziswa Bakwethu lwakhe. Phakathi impumelelo yayo main kwaba likaMengameli we-European Union engxenyeni yesibili ka 1999 kanye nokuphikiswa ephikelelayo ubulungu aseFinland e-NATO. Ngo-1997, yathi izwe lakhe uye wanquma ukuhlala aphume imifelandawonye lempi kanye nokugcina ukuzivikela oqinile kazwelonke. Ngokusho kwakhe, wayengeyena isiqiniseko sokuthi okunye ngeke zizinze mkhulu, futhi lokhu bavumelana abantu kanye nobuholi bezombusazwe. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, yena uye wathamba umbono walo ngalolu daba uma ethi yena akazange athi "neze", kodwa kuphela "hhayi manje. '

recusancy

Naphezu komsebenzi wakhe kwezombangazwe, okwakusho laqhubeka lenyuka udumo lwayo nokuduma, Tarja Halonen, ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzimela futhi ongakaze alubhade yokubuyisana. Washada futhi ohlukanisile, ephakanyiswe indodakazi yakhe waba umama ongayedwa. Ukuhlala ezweni iLuthela, Tarja lasuka esontweni. Lalisebenza, kuhlanganise ukusebenza yayo amalungelo gay kuyinto olukhulu ngoba Finns abaningi, ikakhulukazi abantu bendawo. Ngisho ubudlelwano wakhe siqu ziye zabangela yamangala lapho izibonela zahlala umngane zakhe esezinesikhathi eside zimkhonza Pentti Arajarvi ngaphandle izibusiso ubupristi. Bashada ngemva kwamakhetho yakhe ehhovisi likamongameli. Kodwa akukho kulokhu mkhuba ayikwazanga ukuvimbela ukunyukela zezombusazwe Halonen. Tarja uqokelwe umongameli.

Eyokuqala owesifazane umongameli

Ngo-1906, Finland yaba izwe lokuqala European ukunikeza abesifazane ilungelo lokuvota. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-94 kamuva, akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli zayo zokuqala zesifazane. Kodwa lokhu umzuzu oyingqophamlando, kwakungelula ebabayo.

Ekuqaleni ukhetho 2000 okhethweni Halonen senzeka wesine kuphela. imbangi wayo lomkhulu, olandelanayo wangaphambili wangaphambili uNdunankulu Esko Aho wagcizelela okwakhe yayo futhi Leftism ikakhulu abavoti we asemaqaqasini. Noma kunjalo, okhethweni ngo-January 16, Tarja iwine 39.9% wamavoti, kuqhathaniswa 34.6% Aho. Lokho kwakunganele ukunqoba, ngoba kwakudinga ukuba abangaphezu kuka-50% ukhuluphele. Ngo-February 6 esiyindilinga esishubile wesibili wokhetho. Ngalesi sikhathi, yena wathola 51,6% wamavoti, kuqhathaniswa 48,4%, wanika Umphikisi wakhe.

Tarja Halonen, umongameli wokuqala lensikazi Finland, wathatha ihhovisi njengoba ikhanda lika-11 Mashi wezwe 1, 2000.

Winning kwahamba kubangelwe ikhono layo ukuheha amavoti abesifazane olandelanayo nendlela obaphatha ngayo abanye kuqondile. Owabe Finnish uNdunankulu Paavo Lipponen, umholi Social Democrat, wathi Halonen - umuntu ngamunye ayo, nokuvuleka, kanye umlingisi kweqiniso zazo zathola echo kuleli qembu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyini izizathu ngoba ukunqoba kwako, ngokushesha umongameli elisanda kuqokwa kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu.

Okungajwayelekile futhi ukushayelwa athandwa

Ngaphambi nje ethathe izintambo, Halonen, Finland yokutholwa sisekelo omusha, okuyinto ukudlulisa amandla ngaphezulu ephalamende, okulinganisela ikhono umongameli ukuthonya izindaba zangaphakathi. Nakuba umholi kwaleli zwe namanye kuye abaqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekile enkundleni ngamazwe, Tarja ngokushesha wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ngeke kube figurehead. Nokho, akunjalo oye wangawunaka yokuthi abantu ofaka amathemba amakhulu kulo, kungenzeka bashiya yonke into ngenxa yamandla elinganiselwe ithole. Ngokusho kwakhe, uma iPhalamende kuye kwanciphisa amandla umengameli, kukhuphuke okulindele nezimfuno abantu ngokuphathelene ukuphoqelelwa indima yabo ethize kwezombusazwe yasekhaya. Kunoma ikuphi, amaphiko abangu kuphela okuqoqiwe, hhayi anqunywe, Halonen aye wasigcina ukulawula izinhlangano ezinjalo ezibalulekile njengoba ibutho.

lomshado ephambene

Ngokushesha ngemva kwamakhetho, izintatheli ngacela umngane Tarja Arajarvi ngomshado ihlele imibhangqwana. Wavuma okuxoxwe ukuthi udaba, kodwa wathi wayengeke wenze umnikelo obala futhi ngeke uxoxe esidlangalaleni, uzokwenza lokho noma cha. Noma kunjalo, ukuze lo mkhosi amasiko noma ngezinye izizathu, ngo-August 2000, umbhangqwana ushade ngasese.

Halonen lomshado wayengomunye walaba ezivuna ambalwa umsebenzi wakhe omusha lapho wayesekulungele ukuya.

Moominmamma

Tarja sekukonke baziphatha njengokungathi njalo. isikhundla sayo ezindabeni ezifana inhlalakahle zaseScandinavia bokuhlalisana, amalungelo wobuntu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, awuzange ushintshe. Eqinisweni, wahlala wokuziphatha kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe. Angizange ngishintshe nesitayela sakhe siqu. ulimi oluqinile, ukungabekezeleli ukubukisa futhi ngomqondo okhethekile fashion babe kuyizimpawu wakhe. Tarja aye wasigcina uthando art, ukubhukuda, amakati yayo yasekhaya kanye ufudu. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela ukudalwa ngomfanekiso abesifazane aphumayo futhi uqonde, esemgwaqweni emphakathini Halonen. I cindezela Swedish awakholelwa wakhe "Moominmamma" egameni ethandekayo Finnish cartoon uhlamvu adalwe ngasekupheleni umculi Finnish nomlobi Tove Jansson. Halonen Izilinganiso zazisuka 94-97% amaphesenti, ngezinye izikhathi kuze ilele "lilihle" U-85%. Ngo-2004, yena kuphela umuntu ophilayo manje, abake abafakiwe ithelevishini ethandwa okhethwe eziyishumi Finns enkulu. Ngamanye amazwi, Halonen isibe omunye abongameli ethandwa kakhulu waso sonke isikhathi eFinland.

Ceres wasebusika nezinye imiklomelo

Ngaphezu ukuthandwa kakhulu, umongameli zesifazane, Tarja Halonen, uye babemhlonipha ozakwabo ontanga kokubili ekhaya aphesheya. Ngu-2004, wayekade abalwa degrees abayisishagalolunye zokuhlonipha emanyuvesi, kuhlanganise-Chinese Academy of amaHlathi e-Beijing (2002), Ewha Womans University Republic of Korea (2002) kanye University of Bluefields eNicaragua (2004). Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola imiklomelo ezifana Medal of Ceres, Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene (2002) kanye Award Humanitarian 2004 American Foundation "Grameen" - ". Umbono global kanye nombono neyobuntu" umklomelo "Deutsche Bank" ngoba

Ngo-January 2006, Tarja kabusha akhethwe ihlandla lesibili futhi besula 1 Mashi 2012 Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye ukuhola iqembu ukusebenza kwe-United Nations, inkampani engenzi-nzuzo Helsinki Ukusimama Centre, Administrative oPhethe-World Wildlife Fund futhi babe usihlalo we-Finnish-National Gallery.

blonde Red-onezinwele ezimhloshana kuleli zwe

Lena owesifazane, okuyinto akufanele ithathwe kancane. Ungakhohliswa, uMongameli we Finland Tarja Halonen - hhayi ngaphandle conformist igunya. Flame asebegugile blonde kuleli zwe, yena uziqhenya kakhulu ukuthi likaMengameli kwakhe kwakukhona umthombo ugqozi for abesifazane Finnish. Futhi kubo hhayi kuphela - Tarja uthola amakhulu ezincwadi ezivela emantombazaneni asemancane, futhi unethemba lokuthi kuzohamba bakwazi ugqozi nazo.

Nge ubuqotho ejwayelekile kanye namahlaya, Tarja Halonen kakhulu wazibonakalisa ngokunembile, lapho ngo-2003, efika ne ibhapathizwa umphefumulo James Brown. Zenqaba ukucula naye wabonga Mr Brown esasilihambele, lathi akusiwona show-amantombazane. Mhlawumbe kunjalo, kodwa wavuma ukudansa naye.