Helmut Schmidt: Biography, ukubukwa zezombusazwe

Ngo-November wangonyaka odlule, Abezindaba babika ukufa uHelmut Schmidt, isiJalimane ex likashansela (kusukela ngo-1974 kuya ku-1982-th). I umlandvomufi sezombangazwe esivelele lalimelela umuntu wathatha izintambo yezwe esikhathini esinzima futhi neqhaza kakhulu kuye ngoba ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo ngenxa eJalimane futhi wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu babé kakhulu ukuphila-evuma.

Helmut Schmidt - a zombangazwe ezivelele emhlabeni ogama value ngokuvamile phansi. Nokho, kumelwe siqaphele indima juqu imisebenzi yayo isakhiwo yesimanje kwamaZwe.

"Inhlamvu nonembeza isizwe"

Ngo-December, wayezovuma ukuba abulawe ugubha usuku 97th. Shansela, ukwabelana nge izwe lakhe, umlando wayo post-yimpi kanye nokuchaza mlando ekuthuthukiseni zakusasa. Yena kwakubhekwa njengokuthi pheze awufi. Yena wayengumbulali legend ophilayo, "futhi uphawu unembeza isizwe", onegunya okungahloliwe.

Izintatheli walibiza ngokuthi "Metronome, lapho eJalimane ... isilinganiso izinyathelo zakho."

Indlela ukuthi kwaba uHelmut Schmidt - kuyindlela lapho Chancellor iminyaka eminingi ngaphansi koNkulunkulu, wahola abantu German kusukela amaphutha lokuhlengwa nelokuphila impumelelo yangempela.

amandla akhe kakade kade laphela. Kodwa amaJalimane zisebenzise igesi ezishibhile eSiberia, nemakethe ekulu Russian kanye nezinye izinto ewusizo - ifa esisebenzayo nakongqondongqondo, okuyinto ushiye German State Shansela uHelmut Schmidt.

Mayelana nengwadla

Ngesinye isikhathi, Schmidt ayesezikhundleni uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela, Umnotho nezezimali, wayeyinhloko Ministry Foreign German. He kubhekwa omunye emhlabeni zombangazwe ezivelele kunazo yekhulu lamashumi amabili, okuyinto akukaze ukukhohliswa wezombusazwe.

"Okwamanje, ... I-Europe kusenkingeni, isimo ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono" - ngakho baziswa inqubomgomo izinkinga European elihlobene ne yamuva Icebo lika amadlingozi Ukraine, kuxoxwa naye muva nje. iphrojekthi Ukrainian evroassotsiatsii likaShansela wangaphambili, obelokhu idume bluntness yayo njalo, ngokuthi "umbhedo" futhi "geopolitical kobuntwana", ogama nemiphumela Europe kanye wonke esivezwa ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono. Isizathu salokhu kwaba wacabanga Gelmut Shmidt, ukwehla kancane kancane "imfanelo abaholi baseYurophu." Ngokusho inqubomgomo, njengoba wayiveza ngesikhathi ingxoxo yamuva nezintatheli, izenzo European Parliament yesimanje, kanye nezwe ngabanye osopolitiki elihlobene ne umlando wakamuva of ubudlelwano phakathi EU nase-Ukraine, "washiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo." Lona umbono umuntu kuye kwaholela ngempumelelo izwe lakhe ngokusebenzisa izinselele eziningi, lawela share yayo.

Khuluma futhi wenze okuphambene ezivamile imfashini entshonalanga ezombusazwe ngamazwe wamvimbela siqine isipiliyoni bokungahlehli enkulukazi.

Helmut Schmidt: A Biography

Ikusasa likaShansela federal wazalwa ngo-1918 e emkhayeni wothisha German. umsuka wayo Sekuyisikhathi eside oyimfihlakalo, futhi kwaba kuphela eyishumi wesikhombisa, Gelmut Genrih Waldemar Schmidt yavuma ukuthi uyinzalo le engumlanjwana Jewish - Igazi, bamukela ambalwa German amaProthestani. Ukulondoloza izimfihlo imvelaphi yakhe ethi Jewish cishe wasindisa ukuphila intsha samaNazi.

On the maqondana nobuNazi

Lo mbuzo - ngesimo Chancellor kuya Nazism - wavuswa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa. In biography yakhe, kanye kule Umlandvomphilo lamaJalimane eziningi yesizukulwane sakhe, kuyisici esihlupha lesi sihloko.

Siyazi ukuthi entsheni Schmidt eyayihilelekile i-Hitler Youth kodwa ubulungu iQembu LamaNazi waphunyuka ngesikhathi esebuthweni neMpi Yezwe II lapho iphoyisa emabuthweni emoyeni ukuzivikela, ngenxa "izitatimende ethena" ngokuphindaphindiwe isiyalo.

Ngo-1945 icela umaluju oMfelandawonye.

Isifundo, inqubomgomo

Lapho ngidedelwa, akayena abasha ungena eyunivesithi, lapho afundela khona wezifundo zezombusazwe kanye nomthetho futhi siqala parallel ukuhola iseli umfundi Social Democratic Party.

Isebenza ku Hamburg edolobheni umnyango kwezomnotho kusukela ekuqaleni 50 eyilungu Bundestag.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe ingaphakathi ungqongqoshe Hamburg (maphakathi no-60s) wayedume ngokuba wakwazi ukunqoba imiphumela le nhlekelele zemvelo - uzamcolo abadumile 1962. Ukuze ngcono ukusebenza ekugcineni ukutakulwa Schmidt e umthetho umthetho iqhaza bempi ayeyizinkulungwane ohilelekile.

ukusuka

Kwaba isiqalo kuyanda okusheshayo kwenkonzo yakhe: Schmidt baba iPhini likaSihlalo we SPD, ke wezokuVikela kuhulumeni Willy Brandt nabangane bakhe abaseduze. Ngemva ukwesula ihlazo Federal Chancellery, kuhlanganise iqembu esatholakala kwesimo endaweni ye-German Democratic Republic, ngo-1974 Schmidt wathatha isikhundla saso.

likaShansela

Ngesikhathi yomnyango Shansela, wabhekana nezinselele eziningi, Gelmut Shmidt Brandt wande izimpumelelo ihogela angaphandle inqubomgomo kanye umnotho athuthukile kobungane nobudlelwane neSoviet Union, eMpumalanga Jalimane, nokuhwebelana East. Ngo-1975, njengoba omunye ehamba phambili abaholi entshonalanga sezombusazwe abathintekayo eNgqungqutheleni Helsinki on Security Nokubambisana.

Inqubomgomo Umnikelo esimweni Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu ayikwazi overestimated.

ukuphikisana Inqubomgomo Yangaphakathi

SPD sadabuka by umehluko ngemibono phakathi kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele, kudinga kabusha olukhulu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, phakathi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ishansela uphathe ukugcina umuntu amandla.

ukuhlolwa kwezomnotho

Ngenxa yezenzo okunekhono lobuholi wezwe, e-70 iFederal Republic of Germany uye besibhekene nesikhathi nzima emnothweni womhlaba jikelele ngempumelelo ihlolwe nezinye izifundazwe. Shansela uHelmut Schmidt kuhlanganiswe Inqubomgomo ngokulinganisela eqinile yesikhwama sezimali zikaHulumeni kanye yezixuku kabi evikelwe: ku zeminyaka yokubusa ayesenakho ivolumu kwezimpesheni, nezinzuzo zezenhlalo, inqobo zokuvulwa kunesidingo.

"Autumn German"

In the 70s Schmidt kwadingeka ukuthatha izixazululo esinzulu yangaphakathi zezombusazwe: levoekstremistskaya kwaqina iqembu amaphekula RAF ( "iRed Army iqembu") kuleli zwe, obhekene ezingaphezu kwezintathu kweshumi ephezulu iphrofayela ukubulala, ukuthunjwa, ngamabhomu, ngamacala okuphanga amabhangi.

Ngo-1977, amaphekula Uzame ukuduna indiza ethwele abantu. Chancellor akazange sifeze izidingo phambili yibo. Ngithumela kubo amabutho ezikhethekile umbelesele umkhumbi ikhishwe.

amabutho athile ephalamende anxenxa ngcono ukusebenza ekulweni amaphekula khansela imithetho ezinye yeningi.

Schmidt Uphendule njengo okholelwa entandweni yeningi weqiniso, 'Ngeke ukuletha inkululeko emhlatshelweni zokuphepha. " Eqinile, ikhanda okuqinile sengqondo isimo bubheke abashisekeli ukungezwa ukuthandwa kwakhe, futhi abantu German ngasibuyisela ngokuzethemba.

ukwesula

Esikhathini izimpendulo 80 Schmidt asekelwe NATO izinhloso ukuqinisa izingalo uhlanga eSoviet Union ibekwe ezicitshwayo ensimini ka-Federal Republic of Germany "Pershing". angaphandle yakhe inqubomgomo sokuma kanye kwenziwe ukwehla kwe-isabelomali izindleko kuye kwaholela yokuthi Chancellor we oMfelandawonye waphenduka futhi wanikwa emavi ngokuzethemba. Kuwo wonke umlando Germany Schmidt - kuphela Shansela, othathe umhlalaphansi hhayi ngenxa ukuhlulwa okhethweni, kepha ngenxa yokufelwa umbimbi.

"Zeit"

Umhlalaphansi uHelmut Schmidt kwaba nombhali wezincwadi eziningana mayelana iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe, futhi mayelana nenqubomgomo, waba omunye co-umhleli walo magazini German "Zeit", eyasungulwa eziningana izinkundla international kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho. Ubizwa ngokuvamile ababemenyelwe abezindaba, ngokuletha umphakathi imibono German wangaphambili Shansela kwi nezindaba ezahlukahlukene.

umbuzo Ukrainian

Ngokuphathelene Inqubomgomo ngamazwe, ishansela wangaphambili waqhubeka emelela isikhundla salo umlandeli noninterference ezindabeni uthi eNgophezukonke.

Kuze kube muva nje, Schmidt baqhubeka ukuhlala kweqiniso ukuze isimiso ukuba baveze imibono yabo ngqo futhi ngokhahlo, ngaphandle kwekubuka ukulimala okungenzeka.

Ngo-2014, ngokuqondene izenzakalo owaziwa e-Ukraine oneminyaka engu-95 ubudala wangaphambili Shansela ukuvusela abaholi baseYurophu epolitiki ukuphinda amaphutha adabukisayo esidlule, ebhekisela nezimpi ezimbili ezidlule emhlabeni, futhi wenze imizamo ngokuhlanganyela ukuhambisa kude ingozi izici zezwe .

Izinqubomgomo waphakamisela wagxeka izenzo EU ne-US abaholi ku-Ukraine, futhi Brussels uye kuchazwe ezombusazwe njengoba "megalomania". Lapho exoxa ne-a iphephandaba laseJalimane Schmidt wagcizelela ukuthi initiators of inkambo ukuhlanganiswa Ukrainian European akusho acabangele umehluko omkhulu kule isiko nomlando entshonalanga nasempumalanga yezwe.

Ngo-June 2014, wenza isinqumo nqubomgomo ukumema ukugxekwa wale ngqungquthela eBavaria, wakhe ubuhanjelwe abaholi nabefundisi wezangaPhandle Germany, kanye nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu, uMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin.

Unswinyo olubhekiswe sezombusazwe Russian ngokuthi uyisiwula futhi wathi ukuthi uyasiqonda izenzo waseRussia eCrimea.

Izinqubomgomo omubi uhlolwa imiphumela emihlanganweni, eyayiba ohanjelwa abaholi ongqongqoshe basemazweni angu-Germany, kanye amazwe aseYurophu, ekhalela ukuthi izwe lakhe phakathi kwezinye amazwe angaphansi kweNyunyana yaseYurophu nase-United States isibe omunye abahlanganyeli ngaphandle okuphula umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. ukuhlukumeza okunjalo we-German ex likashansela babekholelwa ngenhloso "ukuze sandise EU ngezithukuthuku Ukraine" nezinye uthi Soviet zangaphambili, isifiso ukuqhekeza CIS.

Isikhulumi esasibeka inkulumo show on omunye iziteshi uHelmut Schmidt siye sagxila ubudlelwane zezombusazwe phakathi kwe-European Union kanye Russian Federation. Ngokubona kwakhe, "usongo oluthile akuyona Russia emhlabeni, ne-United States."

In the phakathi obumbi Ukrainian, esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile German kusekelwa inhloko yabangamashumi Russian Federation uVladimir Putin, okwamenza ukuvakashelwa kobungane eMoscow.

yangasese

Schmidt engithandile njalo ubuciko, upiyano kahle kudlalwa nogwali, njengoba kufakazelwa amarekhodi abasindile amakhonsathi yakhe amateur. Ifilosofi nesayensi imidwebo, ukuguga baqhubeka ngempumelelo ukupenda.

Helmut Schmidt: Umndeni

Nampa esikrinini: Schmidt nomkakhe uHannelore - Loki njengoba impilo yonke it is ayebizwa kanjalo, abangane nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nabo bonke amaJalimane. Amabili umuntu osekhulile kakhulu, ngamunye ephethe ugwayi esandleni sakhe - ke nge umhlanga kanye izinsizakuzwa, kuba kudivayisi okukhethekile uhambo. Lapha bahlala bese ubamba izandla. Kunzima ukuba ngizibuke nasenkathini yesehlukaniso okusheshayo kanye nomqondo ovulekile.

Base abangane kusukela esikoleni. Bashada ngo-1942. Sihlangabezena eziningi ndawonye, kuhlanganise impi nokufa meningitis ku 45th ingane yabo yokuqala.

Loki Independent ayenamandla njengama ingane ukuvikela Helmut amancane mncane. Khona-ke ngenza ephilayo, uchitelstvuya, lapho umyeni wakhe kwaba eyunivesithi futhi wenza umsebenzi wokuphila, kuze kube 74th, ukuzeka kwakhe okuthunyelwe ka Chancery. Manje sekuwumkhuba ukuvikela nokulondoloza nozakwethu komyeni wakhe kusukela imvelo yakhe abukhali futhi categorical, liye labizwa ngokuthi "ama-Sisters of-Charity".

Indodakazi noSuzanne, intatheli ophila usebenza e-London.

Loki akazange aphile isikhathi eside kuze kube iminyaka engu-70 sishadile, washona eneminyaka engu-91 ubudala.

Eminyakeni 93 Gelmut Shmidt wajoyina emshadweni yombango nge Ruth Loah (abaneminyaka engaphansi kwakhe 14).

ukuqashelwa

Mayelana naye ukubhala izincwadi nezihloko, adale ifilimu documentary. Ngaphezu kokukodwa ke wakhethwa umuntu nyaka wama-95 we-Westphalian Peace Prize ukhishwa.

Schmidt ukuphila lonke kwaba Bhema kakhulu. EJalimane, lapho umthetho ku ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi kungavunyelwe, asebekhulile kulo lonke likaShansela wangaphambili yenza okwehlukile: Schmidt bavunyelwe ukuba ngibheme ngisho ngesikhathi sokusakaza bukhoma izinhlelo zethelevishini. Izintatheli ngokuphindiwe embuza ngezingozi zokubhema, ngesikhathi umholi wezombangazwe wenqaba ukuthi kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukuze sikhathazeke ngayo. Omunye ekuholeni wammema ukushintshela ugwayi electronic. Schmidt waphendula: "Kungani kufanele ngiyenze into stupid?"

Stupid kuyo yonke impilo eside futhi umsebenzi zezombusazwe, uye ephethwe ngempumelelo ukugwema.