Isifo hydatid: esiteji. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo Echinococcus

Echinococcosis - omunye ezinzima ezingamahlalakhona helminth izifo kubantu, okuyinto kubangelwa a tapeworm zinhlobo Echinococcus granulosus, okungukuthi omunye ukuphila layo izigaba - isibungu. Kule yena, kukhona kumiswa ezifana Finn emele bubble, ongafinyelela usayizi enkulu ngokwanele futhi inesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ambalwa ngenxa nokuqukethwe kwalo okusamanzi.

aphethe wesikhashana kanye lokugcina

aphethe Lesisemkhatsini lokhu helminth bangaba abantu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi izinkomo, namagundane ehlukahlukene kanye nezinye izilwane. Ake sicabangele emjikelezweni wokuphila Echinococcus. Amagciwane ungaqala ukuthuthukiswa cishe noma isiphi isitho noma izicubu, kodwa iningi kule ndawo kukhona isibindi namaphaphu. Njengomthetho, isifo hydatid kutholakala kakade emabangeni ngasekupheleni yentuthuko, njengoba kungekho nobufakazi basemtholampilo alibonisi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala, okungukuthi inkinga eyinhloko yalesi sifo. Ngokocansi izimpethu ovuthiwe parasitize emathunjini of canids, ezifana izimpisi, izimpisi, izimpungushe, izinja, ngakho bathatha eseduze kwayo esichazayo.

Incazelo emfushane Echinococcus granulosus

Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde ukuthi echinococcus, futhi yiziphi izici oyiyo. Kusukela namanye amalungu ekilasini lakhe lincane ngobukhulu, kusukela 2 kuya ku-11 mm - obuphelele strobila (uchungechunge omdala tapeworm izingxenye). Futhi-ke has a intamo, scolex (ikhanda), eline-phehla futhi lezi izingwegwe futhi amaswidi ezine ukukhonza ukunamathisela odongeni umzimba. Strobila kuhlanganisa ngokuvamile 3-4 kuphela proglottids (ingxenye), zazo kuphela yokugcina yakhiwa vitellarium oveza kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 800.

Ukutheleleka kanye Epidemiology

Man (aphethe Lesisemkhatsini) itheleleke ngomlomo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi tapeworm obanzi kunayo ebonwe ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Australia uye waloba inani elikhulu izifo. Ngaphezu nesimo sezulu, indima eyadlalwa imfuyo. Ngakho, okungenani sifo kwenzeka e Kazakhstan, lapho izimvu ukulima ezivamile. Kube echinococcosis nabantu abasebenza kulo mkhakha, ngokudla noma isibindi kungangcoli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bayagula ngenxa izithelo ezingahlanjiwe nemifino, amanzi ebomvu, okungase iphila amaqanda tapeworm. Okwamanje, isibonelo, ezweni efana neyethu, abantu batheleleke nge sisondelene izinja, ijazi okungenzeka ukuthi amaqanda amagciwane noma izingxenye isilwane emva sokuzikhulula.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo Echinococcus

Ake sicabangele lo mbuzo. Echinococcus (Scheme yayo ukuthuthukiswa) sokuphila elula. Konke kuqala nge yokuthi amagciwane eba emathunjini amancane kwezilwane omndeni ka canids (izinja, izimpisi akuvamile). Lapho ndlovu esefinyelele ukuvuthwa egcwele, izingxenye zalo okuyinto bayakwazi ukuhamba ezizimele, ukunweba olubonakalayo kusuka indle sesilwane noma kumzwise ukulunywa ezinzima. Kulesi ingxenye, equkethe inqwaba amaqanda liqhume. Ngakho, amaqanda amagciwane basesimweni imvelo bangaphandle: noboya, utshani, amanzi, izinto wesilwane ezizungezile.

Qaphela ukuthi Echinococcus amaqanda, kanye nezinye helminths amelana imvelo futhi ibekezelele ongaphakeme lokushisa omiswe, kanye nokusebenza sabo, isibonelo, utshani lilondolozwe izinyanga 1.5. Ngakho, ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe amaqanda Echinococcus iqala, okuyinto ke iwe isilwane womuntu noma ezinye ngokusebenzisa amanzi, izithelo noma ngezandla ezingcolile. Umzimba elinegciwane kwenzeka esiteji koda - komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane; yiwo ogelezela impi entsha. Lapha, kusukela amaqanda ngalinye uyaphuma isibungu, ngokuthi hexacanth okuyinto ilahlekelwa nesikhumba sayo esiwugqinsi futhi lengwegwe zazo owethulwa ogangeni ezondile esibuthakathaka igazi, liyoshona egazini ukuze kwesibindi ke emaphashini. Khona-ke letindzala kwegazi hexacanth ukungena uhlaka, ku imisipha noma ithambo.

Isigaba esisha

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe Echinococcus ingena esigabeni esisha, futhi oncosphere ibe uFinn. Finn kuyinto bubble egcwele uketshezi olune inani scoleces ezinkulu. Lapha Finn ikhula, uthola izakhi zomzimba ngokusebenzisa izicubu lapho infests.

isifo Hydatid - isifo esibangelwa ku measled ukuthuthukiswa isihlava esiteji. Hydatid bubble kungaba olulodwa-chamber noma multi-ekamelweni. Ngo abantu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu uhlobo lokuqala kokuba surface Bubbles ezincane - ezingaphansi. Ngakho, bubble hydatid ingcindezi yayo phezu nezicubu eziseduze kunikeza ukusebenza efanele engumakhelwane izibilini enza umzimba ukhiqiza ubuthi.

Futhi, bubble angase aqhume noma uqale ukuba kukhule, kuyingozi enkulu futhi kungaholela kube ngisho nasekufeni isiguli. bekhululiwe Ngakho scolexes futhi Bubbles ezincane uyonika isifo ngisho zisabalele. Kuphela kulesi sigaba ngenxa ubukhulu kungenzeka ukuthola lesi sifo. Etigabeni ngaphambili indlela entsha isetshenziswa, okuyiwona akunandaba ubukhulu amagciwane - tsepping.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ukuhlinzwa ayimlethelanga ikhambi, kusukela kulokhu kukhona Finns ikhefu, bese ukudakwa, okuholela sina nakakhulu, ukuthi ngokuvamile izimbungulu. Uma kubhekwa umjikelezo Echinococcus ukuphila esifushane, kusobala ukuthi wenabisela emzimbeni lokugcina (main) host ungenwa ngokudla Lesisemkhatsini lapho zitholakala simila hydatid.

Ngakho, ngemva kokungenisa ngu umninikhaya main, isinye odongeni yahlakazeka ngu ama-enzyme, lapho scolexes eziningi ekhululiwe, futhi nge izindebe zalo ezimbili ukuncela anamekwe odongeni mucosa esiswini. Kube isifanekiso iba ovuthiwe ngokobulili, okuyinto ucedzela umjikelezo helminth ukuphila. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma umninikhaya Lesisemkhatsini simiswe umuntu, umjikelezo tapeworm ukuphila ovezwa umzimba wakhe. Kuba ekupheleni efile emjikelezweni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tapeworm.

The main izimpawu zokwelapha

Kunwetshwa umqondo kuyini echinococcus, umjikelezo wokuphila, isakhiwo, isikimu sokuthuthuka, kubalulekile ukuba aveze izimpawu helminthiasis. Uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu zesifo, musa kuxhomeke kwasendaweni nesifo amagciwane. Isikhathi esiqondile ukugeleza esiteji ayikwazi ukucaciswa ngenxa ukukhula kancane tapeworm izinhlumba. Kufanele kuphela kuqashelwe ukuthi walandisa kwasendaweni izinga amagciwane ukwanda izimpawu. Ngowokuqala ngqa, noma esicashile asymptomatic, isinyathelo iqala ukungena helminth umzimba (ayehlasela oncospheres) futhi ihlala kuze ukubukeka izimpawu zokuqala, izimpawu echinococcosis. Libhekene nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi izikhalazo isiguli.

Echinococcus izinhlumba ngokuvamile atholakala kule nkathi ngengozi, isibonelo lapho imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ongakaphathelani amagciwane, noma ukuhlolwa. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi afakwa ungathola Ukulunywa ngezikhathi ezithile, isb urticaria noma ezinye ukusabela jikelele ezinobuthi futhi nomzimba, ekhombisa Echinococcus, ogama isakhiwo kanye umjikeleto wemphilo yentuthuko kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Isigaba esilandelayo

Lokhu kulandelwa okuthiwa isinyathelo kuqala izimpawu, esibonakala by unezimpawu ezikahle yokungenwa yizifo ngokucindezela amagciwane. Kube simila uye kakhulu anda ubukhulu, ke licindezele izicubu eduze, okuholela izimpawu ohambelana: iziyaluyalu dyspeptic futhi, uma ukutheleleka itholakala, ezifana e isibindi blunt gqwa edonsa ubuhlungu futhi isibindi anda (gipatomegaliya). Ngakho-ke kubonakala esigabeni sokuqala echinococcosis. Kuyini, zama-helminths umjikeleto wemphilo, nokuvinjelwa ivela khona - izimpendulo zale mibuzo okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Okulandelayo kuba komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, elinesimo izimpawu evelele umgomo ezenzeka 10-15% of amacala izifo. Njengoba iye echazwe ngenhla, kungase kubangele suppuration echinococcus esinyeni (simila), ngokungathi ngesikhala esivulwe nge okuqukethwe hit kwezitho eziyize eduze noma ngaphakathi komgodi peritoneal. Lungase ephelezelwa jaundice obstructive, okwenzeka ngenxa ukuvimbela we Amapayipi Bile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme portal kanye nezinye izimpawu, okuyinto kuxhomeke kwasendaweni we helminth (emaphashini, isibindi, ubuchopho). Ngokwesibonelo, uma amagciwane sifakwe isibindi, kungase kuqashelwe kwesisindo, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukuhlanza, isilungulela eructation.

Iphela konke kuyinkimbinkimbi ayehlasela esiteji.

ukuma

Ukuqaphela ukuthi echinococcus, isifo hydatid, esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa helminthiasis, kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi izinhlobo zalo. Zimbili izinhlobo tapeworm: hydatid futhi alveolar. Hydatid ngokuvamile kuthinta isibindi futhi yakha eyodwa ekamelweni esinyeni. Alveolar yena, kuthinta emaphashini futhi bubble multi-ekamelweni. Symptomatology echinococcosis akuxhomekile ukuma sifo: Noma ngabe yikuphi helminth Kutfutfukisa ucindezela izitho eduze, okwandisa ngosayizi. Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngenxa isakhiwo yayo lula Unilocular izinhlumba kukhona kulula ukuselapha. Ukuqeda multi-ekamelweni esinyeni kudingeka uhlinzwe, impumelelo okuyinto kuncike degree neziqu fibrosis.

ukwelashwa echinococcosis

Phakathi izindlela main yokwelapha yilezi ezilandelayo: ukuhlinzwa, antiparasitic nokwelulekwa lingaze. Ngezinye ukuhlinzwa isiguli isuswe bladders hydatid ke buyisela isitho abathintekayo noma izicubu. Kulokhu radical echinococcectomy indlela lapho simila lususwe kanye emgodleni fibrous.

Ngezinye izikhathi ubambe izinhlumba oqondile kokuvula, ususe zonke ketshezi magciwane ngokucophelela futhi ehlanza umgodi futhi izicubu abathintekayo ngaphambi, ukugwema okuphindaphindiwe, ukuchayeka ngaphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Endabeni omkhulu umonakalo isitho msebenzi kwenziwe. Kunalokho, khetha ukwelashwa antiparasitic nezidakamizwa ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekunciphiseni izimpawu zezifo usebenzisa antihistamine, antitussives nezinye kuye ngesimo echinococcosis.

Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-8-10 emva msebenzi kumelwe isheke-up okungenani ezimbili zezempilo kanye ngonyaka.

ukwelashwa Echinococcus

Ngempela ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe lokho echinococcus kanye nokuthuthukiswa izimpawu isifo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sifo kulula ukuze kuvinjelwe, ulandele izincomo zokuvimbela. Ngenxa yale njongo, afeze izinyathelo eziqondile wezilwane ukuvimbela ukusilaphazeka kwezilwane. Kuyadingeka ukuba unake okukhethekile kubantu abasengozini, abazingeli ie, abasebenzi Slaughterhouse, imfuyo abalimi nabanye. Njengoba i zokuvimbela ngabanye endaweni yokuqala kufanele nigcine sinemikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko, ukuphuza kuphela avela emithonjeni ethembekile, wageza kahle ngaphambi kokudla imifino, izithelo kanye amajikijolo, kanye nomkhawulo ngokwakho ukuxhumana izinja elahlekile.