Isithuthuthu izinjini: idivayisi, isimiso yokusebenza, ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

ngezinye izikhathi abashayeli Novice ucabanga ukuthi luyimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu, okuyizinto izithuthuthu izinjini - inani amahhashi, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi luhlobo kuzokuhambela kahle, kodwa ukuba namandla angaphezu kwayikhulu amabutho. Nokho, ngaphandle nje lesi sibalo, zikhona izici eziningi ezithinta izinga umsebenzi motor.

Izinhlobo isithuthuthu izinjini

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili-unhlangothi futhi ezine-unhlangothi izinjini, isimiso zazo Kuthi ezahlukene.

ukusungula inombolo ehlukile amasilinda njengoba izithuthuthu.

Ngaphezu bomdabu injini carbureted, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola umjovo amayunithi. Futhi uma uhlobo lokuqala Motorcyclists esetshenziswa ngokwakho, injini uphethiloli injected nge ngqo umjovo uhlelo ukulungisa izandla zabo kuyinkinga kakade. Sekuyisikhathi eside esikhiqiza udizili emabhayisikili ngisho i motor ngogesi. Isihloko ezocatshangelwa izici injini hlobo isithuthuthu carburetor.

Njengoba injini iyasebenza

I amasilinda yenjini ezishisayo amandla kukaphethiloli evutha iguqulwe ibe umsebenzi lokukhanda. I ezihambayo ngenxa igesi ingcindezi piston uzungeza a crankshaft nge indlela crank. Le ndlela yokwenza siqukethe crankshaft, induku yokuxhuma, piston izindandatho, piston izikhonkwane, isilinda.

Ukuhluka isakhiwo kuholele ezahlukene umsebenzi ezimbili futhi ezine-unhlangothi injini.

ezine unhlangothi injini

motors okunjalo banomsebenzi umjikelezo ezine unhlangothi piston futhi ezimbili linemibhikisho we crankshaft. Ukushayela kudivayisi motor ubonisa piston yangaphakathi omlilo engine futhi ukuhamba komsebenzi walo.

1. Lapho piston itheku yehla kusuka iphuzu phezulu efile, abancela ingxube ngokusebenzisa valve evulekile.

2. Phakathi kokucindezelwa piston Wehla evela esikhungweni phansi efile, cindezela ingxube.

3. Ngo ukusebenza ngesikhathi ingxube, kanye ovuthayo ngu kagesi inhlansi ukusha kanye amagesi uye ngezansi piston.

4. Lapho kukhishwa i-piston, ephakamisa, ukusunduza amagesi qeda has ngokusebenzisa evulekile qeda valve. Lapho futhi ifinyelela phezulu maphakathi efile, valve qeda kuyinto avaliwe, futhi konke iyaphindwa futhi.

Izinzuzo Chetyrehtaktnikov yilezi:

• ukuthembeka;

• ukusebenza kahle;

• qeda ayiyona ingozi;

• umsindo kancane;

• amafutha ngaphambili ezihlangene uphethiloli.

Umklamo walolu hlobo Ungabonisa motor wesifunda okulandelayo.

ezimbili-unhlangothi injini

Umthamo lolu hlobo isithuthuthu engine, ngokuvamile kancane, futhi umjikelezo komsebenzi kuthatha omunye revolution. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho eyanele kanye qeda valve. Lo msebenzi izalana piston ngokwayo, okuyinto livaleke iziteshi kanye ifasitela nesibuko cylindrical. Carter futhi esetshenziselwa negesi lokushintshisana.

Izinzuzo lokhu injini yilezi:

• nge umthamo efanayo uMbhalo ke sinesikhundla ukuthi idlula chetyrehtaktnik izikhathi 1.5-1.8;

• It has no camshaft kanye valve;

• yokukhiqiza eshibhile.

Sikakhiye futhi ukuhamba komsebenzi therein

Ukuhamba komsebenzi we nenye imoto kwenzeka uMbhalo.

I piston eshukunyiswa nesibuko cylindrical noma emkhonweni Ukufakwa. Uma umoya Ukupholisa isebenza, izimbambo cylindrical abe ihembe, ngenkathi lwaluyophola amanzi - ngalo ingaphakathi langaphakathi.

I crankshaft nge induku yokuxhuma othola ukunyakaza piston, waliguqula ku ukujikisa, bese edlulisa ukudluliswa torque engu. Futhi kusukela ekuqaleni ukusebenza kwakhe igesi ukusatshalaliswa indlela, futha, generator ibhalansi imiphini. I crankshaft has eyodwa noma amadolo kakhudlwana kuye ngenani amasilinda.

Ngo injini ezine-unhlangothi, lo mbhalo ubizwa kangcono egcwele kunechweba ingxube iqala ngaphambi piston ifinyelela phezulu maphakathi efile futhi iphela emva bedlula esikhungweni phansi efile.

Ukuhlanzwa kuthathela engakafiki isikhungo phansi efile, futhi qeda amagesi abaxoshwayo ngesikhathi ukunyakaza piston ekufezeni iphuzu phezulu efile. Ngemva kwalokho, valve qeda uvala ukuba amagesi kokushiya isilinda.

On motor zalolu hlobo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo isikhathi :

• OHV;

• OHC;

• DOHC.

Ngo uhlobo yokugcina has inombolo okungenani izakhi, ukuze crankshaft ungakwazi azungeze ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, DOHC isiba kwande.

-Imivimbo ezine akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuziqhathanisa-unhlangothi ezimbili, njengoba beye benza Lubrication uhlelo nokusatshalaliswa igesi indlela engekho e ezimbili-unhlangothi. Noma kunjalo, ziye zaba lusakazwe kabanzi ngenxa umthelela ukonga futhi ayiyona ingozi emvelweni.

Motorcycle izinjini ngokuvamile kukhona esalisekela, nobujamo kanye cylinder ezine. Kodwa kukhona amayunithi nge amasilinda ezintathu, ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. I amasilinda kukhona okusemgqeni ne - longitudinal noma transverse, nendawo baphikiswa V emise L-okwenyanga. Umqulu zokusebenza izinjini ngokuvamile abanalo angaphezu kwelilodwa futhi cubic metres eziyisigidi nesigamu yalezi izithuthuthu. amandla Engine - kusukela eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ukuba eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili amahhashi futhi.

amafutha engine

Ukumanzisa kuyadingeka ukuze agweme noma yimiphi ngomshikisho ngokweqile phakathi injini izingxenye. Kuyazeka esebenzisa motor amafutha, kokuba isakhiwo ukumelana nokusondelana amazinga aphakeme okushisa viscosity ongaphakeme ngamazinga aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azisona ezifakwa ukuthi akuzona enamandla plastic iraba izingxenye.

Amafutha kukhona amaminerali, semi zokwenziwa zokwenziwa. Semi-zokwenziwa kanye wezinto zokwenziwa ezibizayo, kodwa lezi izinhlobo zawo zithanda ngaphezulu, ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi zingabantu wusizo nakakhulu injini. Ukuze ezimbili-unhlangothi futhi chetyrehtaktnikov zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene amafutha. nabo kuhluke degree of andisa.

I "ezimanzi" futhi "ezomile" sump

Ngo ezine-unhlangothi izinjini wasebenzisa izindlela ezintathu kukawoyela:

• drift;

• afafaze;

• ingcindezi Supply.

Iningi friction ngababili nivame ecindezelwa isifutho uwoyela. Kodwa kukhona naleyo nivame ngamafutha inkungu, kwakheka ngenxa sishaye indlela crank, kanye izingxenye lapho uwoyela odabula iziteshi emiseleni. Ngakho sump ukhonza njengelungu kwesigubhu. Ibizwa ngokuthi kule ndaba, "ezimanzi".

Ngamanye izithuthuthu, isimiso "ezomile" crankcase lapho kwesigaba omunye amafutha akhishwa phakathi ethangini, kanye nezinye sidla icindezelwa ukuba izindawo ukuhilizisana.

Ngo duhtaktnikah Lubrication uwoyela kwenzeka izinto ezisemanzini umusi nophethiloli. Kuyinto ixutshwe uphethiloli kusengaphambili, noma ipayipi itheku wumnikezeli futha nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa. Lo mbono zokugcina ibizwa ngokuthi "ehlukile Lubrication uhlelo." Kuyinto luvame ikakhulukazi izinjini angaphandle. ERussia, uhlelo ingena injini isithuthuthu "IZH Planet 5" futhi "Zid 200 Courier".

Ukupholisa uhlelo

Lapho fuel is combusted e injini, ukushisa ikhiqizwa, okuvela kulo cishe engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, amaphesenti uya emsebenzini ewusizo futhi okunye kwashabalala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma nqubo izingxenye iyasilela ku okweqile emgqonyeni, okungaholela wenza umcimbi futhi umonakalo. Ukuze lokhu bekungenzeki, ohlelweni ukupholisa isetshenziswa, okuyinto emoyeni futhi uketshezi, kuye ngohlobo lenjini.

Air Ukubandisa System

Kule ngxenye, uhlelo opholile ovela emoyeni ezayo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-ukusebenza okuhamba phambili ikhanda isilinda kwenza kube ribbed. Ngezinye izikhathi ophoqelelwe ukupholisa fan usebenzisa mechanical noma kagesi. Ngo chetyrehtaktnikov futhi kahle selehlile uwoyela, okuyiwona kobuso bezinhlamvu luyanda futhi ukusungula radiators ekhethekile.

Liquid Ukupholisa uhlelo

Inketho efana ukuthi ukufakwa izimoto. Nangu emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni Isibandisi, okuyinto ongaphakeme kwezinga-qhwa (lokususa amane ukuze lokususa ayisithupha degrees Celsius) kanye ephezulu abilayo (kusuka eziyikhulu namashumi amabili kuya elikhulu elinamanci mathathu degrees Celsius). Ngaphezu kwalokho, emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni futhi anticorrosion izuzwe lubricating umphumela. amanzi Pure njengoba enjalo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.

Ukushisa kohlelo ukupholisa kungadalwa-sindisa noma ukungcoliswa evele, okuyinto osenyameni ukushisa. Futhi, izingxenye umuntu angakwazi ukugqashula kulo, ngenxa okungena kuyo uketshezi ugobhozela. Ngakho-ke, Ukupholisa ngomoya umsebenzi kumele njalo ukugadwa.

supply system

Njengoba fuel osetshenziselwa isithuthuthu carburetor inombolo uphethiloli octane akuyona esingaphansi 93.

isithuthuthu izinjini babe uhlelo ugesi, okubandakanya uphethiloli, valve, isihlungi, lemifanekiso air kanye carburetor. Gasoline elondolozwe ku ithangi, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi igibele ngenhla injini kuze umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli amandla adonsela phansi ukugeleza. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube unikezwe futha ekhethekile noma actuator cleaner. Lesi sakamuva ingatholakala kwi-stroke ezimbili.

Uphethiloli has lid nge ukuvulwa okhethekile, lapho umoya ungena. Nokho, ngo-izithuthuthu abaningi bezinye izizwe, emoyeni sidlula amadamu amalahle. Kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziphila ekhaveni yokuvala.

Ngenxa fuel iqhude is kuvinjelwe liphindele nophethiloli.

Ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso air emoyeni engena carburetor. Lemifanekiso kuyinto ezintathu izinhlobo.

1. I compact-uwoyela uhlobo lomoya ingena phakathi nendawo, ujike ngokusebenzisa 180 degrees futhi ludlulele ngaphakathi lemifanekiso. Ngakho-ke kususwa ngokuvula ukugeleza lapho izinhlayiyana ngoyisiwula kusinda ezinza uwoyela. Ngakho lemifanekiso unikezwa injini isithuthuthu "Ural" futhi "Iz". Nokho, kwamanye amazwe usebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo iphepha amagwebu.

2. Iphepha izihlungi kukhona zalutho. Kufanele indawo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokulungisa.

3. Foam izihlungi kukhona esebenza - bangathumela wageza uphinde ezinamafutha akahle.

Ezemidlalo izithuthuthu, lapho 250 cc injini nangaphezulu namuhla benohlelo okuthiwa "engayitholi oqondile" kwenzeka uma air eyanele phambi cowl, kanjalo ngokugcwalisa uMbhalo ngesivinini luyanda.

Carburetor nezinhlobo zayo

Lokhu apharathasi silungiselela emashalofini liyinike abantu ingxube emoyeni-fuel, okwathi lingena uMbhalo. carburetors anamuhla ka ezintathu izinhlobo:

• spool;

• dilution okuqhubekayo;

• ukubhalisa.

Zonke izinjini zasekhaya kanye motor isithuthuthu "Ural" abe carburetors spool. Okuwukuphela le "Ural-East", enikezwe carburetor cleaner njalo.

I spool umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli mpintsha isigwedlo exhunywe kwi uthi lokuphotha. Ngokuchayeka kuso ilawulwa emoyeni ngokufaka injini. Nge-slide umphini ezihambisana Isigaxa Inalidi kufakwe dispenser. Lapho kushintsha ingxube ingenza noma sekuqedwe zonke izinhlanzi. Ogibele indiza spray isibhamu nophethiloli. Futhi zonke izinto ezakha uhlelo nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa.

Ngo carburetors njalo dilution mpintsha ukunyakaza idluliselwa mpintsha okungukuthi eduze ophumayo we carburetor. Emoyeni ekamelweni ngaphezu piston ukulawula baxhumana carburetor ukuxuba ekamelweni. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ukuhamba spool kuyinto underpressure ngokomthetho esiqeshini eyanele.

Bhalisa carburetors, okuyinto anemisila abaningi bezinye izizwe olulodwa cylinder chetyrehtaktniki ezifana Honda izinjini hlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eyedlule. It has emakamelweni amabili ukuxuba, lapho spool umuntu eliqhutshwa isibambo, kuyilapho omunye - ngumuntu cleaner ekamelweni ukuxuba.

ukwethulwa

Ukuze uqale injini abandayo, isidingo ekucebiseni ingxube. Kwezinye carburetors ikhamera kule has utopitel iflothi. Lapho sicindezelwe induku, ezingeni fuel ekamelweni liphuma ngokucijile ezingeni ngaphezu kuvunyelwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, nophethiloli iqala agelezele komsele eyanele. Ingxenye kukaphethiloli ageleza ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile. Nokho, isikhathi esithile, ukwakhiwa carburetors sihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ngazimbili musa fall out. imiklamo okunjalo ezidinga ukusetshenziswa ndawonye ingxube, okuyinto binda noma imibhalo lengifuna nophethiloli. Isetshenziselwa esikhundleni utopitelya.

Muva nje, ezine-unhlangothi isithuthuthu izinjini ngokuvamile aba uhlelo fuel injection ngoba kagesi. Siqukethe futha fuel drive kagesi, ibhethri, injectors kagesi, CU electronic, okuyinto ixhunywe izinzwa ezihlukahlukene, ezininginingi wokusabalalisa.

Kukhona futhi ukulawula imoto uhlelo, lapho ukulungiswa ukunikezela ukuthungela izinhlelo ehlangana, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla we-unit.

The main amandla ukuhluleka ngenxa isithuthuthu injini ukulungisa kungadingeka, - ukuncipha noma ukumisa uphethiloli supply ngenxa ukuvaleka. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, usebenzise isisefo samanzi nophethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo lemifanekiso emoyeni futhi amapayipi avuze.

uhlelo Exhaust

Uhlelo qeda siqukethe ijabulise outflow isiteshi, ipayipi futhi okokunciphisa umsindo. I-stroke ezimbili ubukhulu kanye ukuma esikhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso encike ngqo kwi kahle namandla. Ngakho-ke, ayesebenzisa qeda izinhlelo ku isilinda ngayinye. Banezinhliziyo tube elalinembobo kanye umlomo wombhobho umlomo.

Ngo chetyrehtaktnikov ukulawula ukukhululwa umphini kohlelo ukusatshalaliswa igesi, ukuze resonance kuzo akuyona ezibucayi. Ayevame uxhumano ziyancipha a silencer olulodwa.

On ezinye izingqinamba izithuthuthu ifakwe converters okhanda amanye amathuba, okuyinto ukunciphisa kwekhabhoni anobuthi (efakiwe, isibonelo, Honda izinjini nezinye abakhiqizi Japanese). Amadivayisi anjalo zenzelwe ngenxa nezidingo okwandisa zikaphethiloli qeda e-EU, US naseJapane. Ukuze uvimbele reverse ejection Izingxube amasilinda at angomahlalela umjikelezo encane crankshaft, ezimisweni qeda of ngesithuthuthu enikeziwe rwe valve eziningi ezikhethekile.