Tiananmen Square, lo 1989 emcimbini China

China - omunye wabaholi ezweni namuhla. Abaholi LamaKhomanisi yezwe iminyaka eminingi kubuhlungu ngempela ukukhumbula bese ubeke amazwana izenzakalo afakiwe emlandweni kazwelonke kanye nezwe ngokuthi "Tiananmen Square-1989".

Izimbangela inguquko: version №1

Kusobala ukuqonda nokuchaza okushiwo izinqubo ezaholela ukuvela ephikisayo emphakathini Chinese umfundi, kunzima ngempela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo sezizathu.

Ingqikithi yalo yokuqala itholakala lokuthi ukuthi okuqhubekayo 1978 kwekuhlela kabusha ovulekile emnothweni Chinese isimiso sezombangazwe baye alizange lilethwe isifezekile. Abasekeli Ngokuqhubeka shintsho olukhulu imodeli West Europe nase-American bazitshela ukuthi ube esefika esiphethweni esinengqondo of ukuxegiswa wawuzoba ukususwa kancane kancane CP Chinese kusukela ukulawula inani phezu zwe. Izitshudeni bese zifunde cishe esivuna yokuqinisa intando yeningi kanye nokuvikela amalungelo wobuntu. ISoviet Union futhi kabusha ngofaka uMongameli wase-USSR uMikhail Gorbachev kwakungamadodana lokuma uyisibonelo kusekelwa ababusi abasekela lo mbono ukuthuthukiswa China.

okufushane №2

Ingxenye intsha Chinese weza Tiananmen Square (1989), ukuvikela irhuluphelo ukuthuthukiswa China sika, owalwela Mao Tszedun. Babekholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yangasese, ibhizinisi kanye nezinye izici kosozimali nomthelela ongemuhle ekwakhiweni kwesimo okukhulu.

Ukuze abasekeli yeningi lokhu kubukwa kwakudingeka njengoba ithuluzi ukuthonya uhulumeni kazwelonke. Ngokombono wabo, izinguquko emakethe kungaholela izibhelu ezinzima futhi cataclysms nomphakathi. Abantu babesaba izinguquko bendabuko emphakathini Chinese of abalimi kanye netingcweti temsebenti.

inkambo imicimbi

Imicimbi e Tiananmen Square 1989 labonisa Maidan e-Ukraine:

• bekhalazela esikhulu endaweni khulula enhloko-dolobha Chinese wakhethwa;
• wadala kuso idolobha lamatende,
• kukhona yokwehlayo phakathi abahlanganyeli;
• likunike ukusekelwa nesikhuthazo ezibonakalayo abaxhasi LamaKhomanisi.

Inguquko waqala Apreli 27, 1989. Okokuqala izuzwe imibhikisho mass, kodwa inani eliphelele abahlanganyeli lakhula kancane kancane. Ngokuhlelwa komphakathi ababhikishi kwaba okuxubile. Babuthana esigcawini izigaba ezifana sabantu:

• abafundi;
• abasebenzi imboni;
• nezihlakaniphi;
• abalimi.

zonke imibhikisho babe obunokuthula ekupheleni April futhi ekuqaleni kuka May. Itende idolobha waphila abavamile. Yiqiniso, iziphathimandla yezwe ayikwazi eside ukubekezelela lesi umbhikisho enhlokodolobha. izikhathi 4 iCommunist Party of China ukuvusela abantu ecela ukuhlakaza, kodwa la mazwi ngizwe. Ngeshwa, ababhikishi ngaphandle kokwenza amaphutha. Kunalokho bahluleka ukuba athobele umyalo iziphathimandla. Abantu abaningi kakhulu ukhokhele impilo yokungalaleli.

Meyi 20 umhlangano kubaholi Communist Party ne-Beijing, lowemukela isinqumo ukuphoqelela umthetho karate emzini. Ngaleso sikhathi, izwe lavela kakade kucace ukuthi silungiselela crackdown ahlomile. ubuholi wezwe ayikwazanga athambise isandla ababhikishi, njengoba kungayilulaza amandla iqembu elibusayo.

Tiananmen Square (1989) kwaba jam igcwele abantu. Izinkulungwane zababhikishi baye bazwakalisa kwemizwa bekhalaza emphakathini Chinese. Juni 3 umkhankaso operation lempi ukuhlakaza izakhamuzi zawo. Okokuqala, uhulumeni akafuni ukusebenzisa isikhali sina, ngakho wazama ukungena endaweni amasosha bengahlomile ye-National Liberation Army of China. Ababhikishi akazange uzivumele, ngakho sanquma ukuba sisebenzise phezulu amathangi sadutshulwa abese esakaza ababhikishi.

Kusihlwa ngo-June 3, edolobheni kwakukhona amathangi. Sebebheke ngokusebenzisa nemigoqo okwakuvinjwe ngayo. izinhlangano Paramilitary ababhikishi wangena ukukulungisa okukhululekile PLA amayunithi zempi. Ngokubhubhisa emikhondweni umshini kuthiwa neutralized bese ngomlilo. Kwakuthinta iqedwe amathangi mayelana 14-15. Ngo-June 4 izenzakalo Tiananmen Square (1989) waqala ukuthuthukisa ngesikhathi simo nesihluku:

• ukudutshulwa ababhikishi obunokuthula;
• ngxabano zabantu futhi amasosha;
• displacement lwabantu kusuka endaweni.

Inombolo izisulu inguquko

Uphenyo olusemthethweni ku izenzakalo 1989 e-Beijing ingakamiswa kwenziwe. Lonke ulwazi emithonjeni Chinese imfihlo.

Ngokusho abamele uMkhandlu Wombuso China sika, lezakhamuzi akazange ukudubula, kodwa yabulala amasosha angaphezu kuka-300 yebutho Chinese. Inguqulo iziphathimandla licacile: ibutho baziphathe ngamasiko nangenkolo ababhikishi abulala amasosha.

Ummeleli we-Hong Kong ngesikhathi enengxoxo izintatheli angaphandle, sathi ngokokunye Imininingwane ayo, yabulala abantu abangu-600 base. Kodwa kukhona isibalo nezesabekayo efakiwe ezinkulungwane zezisulu kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula kule ndawo. Iphephandaba "okusha - York Times" yanyathelisa ulwazi kusuka inhlangano "I-Amnesty International". nezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu baye bathola ulwazi isibalo izisulu izenzakalo ngoJuni 4 lafinyelela abantu 1000. Isibalo sabashone ngokuvumelana intatheli Edward Timperleyka zokhahlamba kusuka 4 kuya kwezingu 6 abantu (kokubili phakathi ababhikishi amasosha). Omelele NATO sakhuluma 7000 izisulu nhlekelele, futhi Ministry of Foreign Affairs ye-USSR - zabulala abantu abangaba ngu njengoba abaningi 10,000 abantu abangu.

Tiananmen Square -1989 kushiya umzila eliqhakazile igazi emlandweni wonke. Yiqiniso, ukuthola inani eliqondile izisulu walabo izingxabano akasoze kwenzeke.

imiphumela

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa izenzakalo entwasahlobo - ehlobo lika-1989 kwase kuyisikhathi eside ehlala njalo imiphumela emihle yezwe. nqubomgomo Jikelele kanye Imiphumela langempela zimi kanje:

• ukunqunywa unswinyo by amazwe aseNtshonalanga ukuthi buhlala;
• ukuqinisa nokusimamisa isimo sezombusazwe ezweni eholwa iCommunist Party of China;
• baqhubeka ukuxegiswa futhi umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti lezomnotho lasezindlini;
• ukukhula komnotho;
• iminyaka engu-25, leli zwe like abe superstate enamandla.

Izifundo Ngokuzayo

Bonke abaholi emhlabeni wobushiqela ka ngekhulu xxi Kumelwe ukhumbule China ngo-1989. Tiananmen Square sekuwuphawu wokholo entandweni yabantu ukuphila kangcono. Yebo, abantu ngeke kwadingeka umsebenzi lokushintsha uhulumeni, kodwa ukuthi iliphi elinye izwe ku imibhikisho kungase kunenjongo ehluke ngokuphelele. Ukuze abantu kufanele silalele futhi acabangele izithakazelo zabo enqubeni yokwakha inqubomgomo wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle isimo. Tiananmen Square ngo-1989 - iwuphawu umzabalazo zabantu abavamile amalungelo abo!