Ingabe uyazi ukuthi caravel?

Khumbula, kwezinye imikhumbi kaseyili e kude eNdiya Columbus? Ngokokuqala ngqá ezwa igama la sailboats, yezimo abhekene wathi: "Yeka romantic! Futhi iyini caravel? "Empeleni, igama izikebhe medieval has a umsindo izingoma kakhulu, futhi kusobala ukuthi mihle kakhulu. Avame ehlotshiswe umzimba lokhuni ngokucebile ezibaziweyo wendiza oseyili umoya wabenza ngifane isikebhe cruise.

Caravel Umkhumbi: Indaba imvelaphi etymology

Zikhona ongakhetha eziningi ukuchaza Umsuka wegama elithi. Ngokusho komunye wabo, igama la sailboats elisuka isiPutukezi kanye livela version amancane ka izwi caravo (ngomkhumbi isitsha). Kodwa amaNtaliyane bakholelwa ukuthi caravel umkhumbi okuthiwa ngakho ngenxa yobuhle balo nokuhlala obugagu, futhi igama layo livela nokuhlanganiswa amagama amabili Italian - cara (cute) kanye bella (kuhle). Futhi kukhona inguqulo Lokudabuka ngesiGreki, owawuthi livela izwi χαραβος (ksarabos). Kusukela ke kwafika carabus Latin (Ababazi bakha isikebhe), futhi izwi Russian "umkhumbi". Yiqiniso, inguqulo Italian - amahle kakhulu futhi impela linencazelo, ngoba caravel - umkhumbi kungcono empeleni enhle kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, izazi-mlando bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi igama has ke izimpande ngesiGreki.

Uyini caravel?

Le mikhumbi yayingamamitha ezivamile eNtshonalanga Yurophu ekhulwini th 13-16. Ngenxa kuleyo minyaka, eSpain nasePortugal babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli Largest amandla zasolwandle kanye ezinkulu okutholakele ezindawo kwakungekaNkulunkulu ke kubo, ngokwemvelo wawuhlutha mabutho ezinamandla kakhulu futhi eziphambili. Ingxenye esemqoka lonke inani mabutho Spanish ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-15 ngokomthetho enkantolo, okuthiwa "caravel" (bheka isithombe sihloko). Ngakho-ke, thina okutholakele zonke ezinkulu amatilosi iyihlanganise nabo, kodwa amanye sailboats zasolwandle - karakki -. Angeziwe Ngokuvamile uhambo olude Hristofora Kolumba, UVasco da Gama, Magellan, njll Ukuvuma ukuthi we Karakka wena neze ukuzwa lutho ngenkathi caravels njalo Sasizigqokele ekulaleleni, kanye nabo bonke sibonga igama labo senkondlo. Caravel! Nobuhle, akukho lutho. Ayeyisizwe ezimbili noma izitsha enezinsika ezintathu nge etshekile ngqo noma (Latin) ezazinama-. Kulabo abafuna ukwazi kabanzi lokho caravel, silayishe ukuthi kwakunokuningi okwakumelwe ngohlobo olukhethekile sikebhe Plating. Ngakho, uma kwamanye ezinkantolo kwavunyelwana indlela lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi "Kunokuhlobana", bese lezi ngomkhumbi ibhodi isikhumba ukulingana uvalwe komunye nomunye. Ngaphandle lolwehlukanisa wale mikhumbi baye baba ocacile ubuhlobo izikebhe ngobude ububanzi (4: 1), khona emphemeni olulodwa futhi wayelukhuni ephakanyiswe, lapho kungenzeka ukuhamba nge kushelele fair. On caravels ngokuvamile ube insika ezintathu, futhi useyili esingunxantathu abethela kuya reyam etshekile.

Phakathi ngoxhaxha Hristofora Kolumba imikhumbi afanayo "Nina" kanye "Pinta", kodwa omkhulu ngokubabazekayo "Santa Maria," kungokwalabo isizukulwane esisha ngomkhumbi - Karakka. Ngamafuphi, caravel - umkhumbi, okuyinto ngenxa maneuverability yayo, kanye ngaphezulu Karakka eziphambili ephethwe ukuba baziphonse ugu lweNyakatho Novaya Zemlya. Le mikhumbi bavame ukuba kahle ehlome. Ubuncane balesi siqiwu, emphemeni akuvunyelwe ukuba ibekwe wezikhali yabo izibhamu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kuphela kuzo zaziyiziwula muskets ezinkulu, okuyinto zafakwa emkhunjini.

Ukuthuthukisa caravels

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, caravels sathuthuka. Bona esikhundleni oseyili etshekile ayeqondile, futhi ngenxa yalaba izinkantolo lula ukuphatha nomoya fair. Kolumbovskaya "Pinta" wayevela isizukulwane esisha caravels, futhi enomuzi oseyili non-Latin ngqo, ngesikhathi "Nini" zingabantu elingunxantathu, njengasezulwini onobuhle classical, ekuqaleni wakhonza njengephayona izinjongo lokudoba.

Columbus phambi ewela i-Atlantic esuka Azores unqume esikhundleni oseyili lefanele, ungalibalekeli ku "Nine" ngqo. Futhi kwaba njalo. Phela, uma bekungenjalo, lo caravel, mhlawumbe akakwazanga ukufinyelela ogwini Melika. Kancane kancane waphuma ukusetshenziswa oseyili Latin-hlobo. Futhi uma ke umuntu othile ukucele lokho caravel ke akekho owayezobhekwa baye bathi leli enkantolo etshekile ngomkhumbi igiya.

isiphetho

Nokho, ngo-imithombo kukhona izincazelo eziningi lezi zitsha, cishe awekho imifanekiso, okuyinto ungacabanga Yaba yini caravels empeleni. Eminingi imidwebo eyayenziwa kamuva kakhulu, lapho sekuyisikhathi eside lo ngomkhumbi kwaba ukusetshenziswa. Nokho, saze safika isithombe caravel, wenza eLisbon ngo-1520. Siyabonga kuye, ukuqonda kwethu le umkhumbi uba more ephelele. Esithombeni ezimbili masted caravel (esesithombeni kwesokudla) ne-useyili etshekile. It uvezwa phezu retablo eSt tsverkvi. Avty. Yileyo indlela ebalulekile ilawa uyisitsha Portugal e ngenkathi omkhulu okutholakele womhlaba.