Age of Discovery

Inkathi enkulu okutholakele ezindawo wawukhona kusukela maphakathi no-15 kuya maphakathi no-17 leminyaka. Ingxenye esemqoka e mikhankaso wathatha amatilosi Spanish isiPutukezi.

Izizathu eziyinhloko ngokuba omkhulu okutholakele womhlaba - search for nemizila emisha yokuhwebelana nokuthuthukiswa zasolwandle.

Nakuba ukuhweba phakathi East nase-Europe, libhujisiwe ngenxa le enwetshiwe umthetho WaseTurkey. -Turks umbeki main Umzila wezohwebo bedabula iSiriya e-Asia Minor. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi ezakhiwa aguqulelwe ababhukuda olwandle oluvulekile, inkantolo eliqinisekile awugcinanga ngokuba nesandla Ukufuna izindlela ezintsha, kodwa futhi ukutholakala kanye ekuthatheni umhlaba, esemgwaqweni kuya eningizimu yeYurophu.

Kunyatheliswa Genrih ngaleso sikhathi kwaba umhleli oyinhloko yezokuvakasha isiPutukezi kanye isite ekutfutfukisweni lempi lasolwandle isiPutukezi. Ngakho esikoleni zasolwandle kwahlelwa ngesikhathi sakhe. Esikhathini Geographical Research Institute izindlela navigation ngcono kanye namadivayisi. Wonke kuqala 1490 kwamiswa lapha.

Inkathi enkulu okutholakele ezindawo imakwe kuvulwa indlela yasolwandle neNdiya. Ngo 1497, uhambo kwakuhlelwa Inkosi yasePortugal Manuel Happy. Kwakuhlangene zibiza kakhulu kwezimpahla, amazwe eYurophu umhlaba. uhambo isiPutukezi, ehlanganisa imikhumbi emithathu, eholwa UVasco da Gama.

Ukuze singenele Atlantic Ocean kungaphelele, yena ofana-Cape Agulhas balibangisa empumalanga. Ngemva kwalokho, imikhumbi ephethwe enyakatho ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika eMozambique. Edolobheni Mambasa isiPutukezi labatfola labantu Arab. Ngemva kwalokhu uhambo UVasco da Gama ewela i-Indian Ocean, wafika eningizimu port Indian of ICalicut.

Inkathi omkhulu okutholakele ezindawo imakwe mikhankaso Spanish. Ngemva kokutholakala ngekhulu le-15 le-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha Spain iqala ukubonisa isithakazelo namazwe asempumalanga. Kodwa i-King-Spanish, ebheka lesi simo, ebona ukuthi indlela eya begudla ugu lwasempumalanga Afrika evala imikhumbi isiPutukezi, futhi umzila nendlwana ukuze impumalanga ngaphansi kokulawula abathengisi Arab futhi Turkish. Hristofor Kolumb inikeza King of Spain ukwakha umzila entshonalanga neNdiya. Kuvele wamabalazwe esihle nokwabelana umbono abaningi ayephila nabo ukuthi ukuma eyindilinga Zomhlaba, ke kuwumsebenzi indlela eya entshonalanga ulwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.

Ngakho, okuqinisekile imakwe ukuvulwa ezindawo Columbus okutholakele. Emhlabeni, zathola, abangu ugcwale kwabokufika. amakoloni Spanish uvele ogwini futhi iziqhingi iMelika Ephakathi.

Amérigo Vespucci nomthelela esikhathini letibitwa ngekutsi "Unyaka Ukutholwa". Njengoba sebezinikele kule mikhankaso eziningana ebhizinisini ephakathi kwengu-1499 futhi 1502, umhloli wamazwe okuthiwa ukutholakala uColumbus of elithi "Asiya" ezazingaziwa zwe "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha." Ngemva kwalokho, le ndawo okuthiwa Melika. Futhi, Amérigo Vespucci wachaza labantu kanye nesimo izwe evulekile.

Umcimbi abalulekile kakhulu emlandweni okwatholwa kuyinto uhambo lokuzungeza umhlaba uFerdinand Magellan. Ngemva kwenkonzo yenkosi iSpanishi, itilosi wamthembisa emsebenzini Melika ne South futhi sifinyelele ngaleyo ndlela ugu lwase-Asia.

uhambo lwakhe emhlabeni wonke zaqala ngo 1519. imikhumbi Five ewela i-Atlantic Ocean kanye kanye oluseningizimu ye Melika bahamba befuna strait elwandle eliKhulu iPacific ( "South Sea"). Strait kuqala elalibizwa ngokuthi iKhanana Magellan, Kuye kwatholakala ngemuva ukucinga eside futhi lapho ulahlekelwe okuthile okuyigugu.

Ngemva Magellan wasondela iziqhingi Indonesian, waphetha (njengoba kulotshwe encwadini logbook), wabe esebuyela kwi-Old World, zishaya emhlabeni Earth.