Isikebhe "Estonia" yacwila. Imfihlakalo kokufa isikebhe "Estonia"

izinhlekelele Maritime babebaningi. Ngokusobala, isintu uqhubeka uba ngokuwa imikhumbi, izindiza, izitimela nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, ngokuba ngokushesha futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhona umcimbi ezinye ezimbi, ephelezelwa izisulu eziningi abantu, akunakwenzeka usizo uqhathanisa ne esimweni inhlekelele kakade. Ukuwa isikebhe Estonia okubangelwa inhlangano ngemva kokufa "Titanic." Ngempela, lezi zinhlekelele ezimbili inokuthile efana. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, imikhumbi kwakukukhulu futhi zikanokusho, Umbe eziningi abantu, futhi landulele ukuthi akekho owakwazi. Kodwa konke lokhu kuphela efika kuqala. Izimo nophenyo ezikhonjwe ngochwepheshe abazimele, babe ihlazo futhi kufakazela ukuthi lo ukuphahlazeka besingagwemeka. Nokho, izinguqulo babe izenzakalo eziningana.

Yayiyini isikebhe

Isikebhe "Estonia" kwaba esibuthakathaka okunethezeka inikeza nabagibeli balo hhayi kuphela Ukuthutha utilitarian komunye port kwenye, futhi uhambo injabulo. Ngenxa yale njongo, ibhodi kwadingeka konke esasikudinga futhi eziningi frills, eklanyelwe ukwakha kwalibaleka. amathilomu eziningana nezindawo zokudlela, club nge-disco, swimming pool, igumbi ukuzijabulisa izingane, sauna, cinema yesimanje ihlinzeka yokuchitha isizungu ezimnandi lonke yalolu hambo. Photo of isikebhe "Estonia" yanyatheliswa ku ngifaka ethengiswe izitolo ezidayisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo lapha, kanye nezinye izinto eziya okudingekayo ngendlela futhi ukuthenga izinto eziyisikhumbuzo. Kodwa into thina kumelwe bakhumbule aphoyintimenti ezikebheni. Okuyinto engakaze yenziwe ngempela muva izakhamuzi elaliyiSoviet ithuba lokuya phesheya ngemoto yakhe siqu Ngafikelwa umuzwa onamandla wokuba Ukuqalwa okunethezeka ekuphileni European. 460 ezindaweni izimoto kokwanele, okwadingeka imali ukuze ukhokhele noma yisiphi sazo. Ferry "Estonia" bheka zikanokusho futhi lalilikhulu (a ubude 155 metres, ububanzi -. 24 m, 15.5 amathani ukufuduka). Yakhiwa eJalimane ngo-1980, "Meyer" ngisemsebenzini inkampani lokuthumela Norwegian, kodwa ngokushesha zidayiselwe "Viking Line". Khona-ke isikebhe yabizwa ngokuthi "Silviya Star," kodwa izincwadi ebhodini, ukukhomba inkampani-shipowner kwadingeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukupenda nokubhala amasha. Ngo-1991 umkhumbi yathengwa yi-"Vasa Line", futhi saqanjwa ngokuthi "Wasa King." Khona-ke sihlangane livelile, futhi ithole entsha, kulokhu isibongo - isikebhe "Estonia." Ukufa kwakhe emanzini abandayo ka oLwandle iBaltic ngo-1994 kwashaqisa umhlaba.

amaqiniso ezomile

Isikebhe kwesokunxele kusukela eTallinn ku-schedule, ngesikhathi iyishumi nanhlanu emva kwehora lesikhombisa kusihlwa ngo-September 27. Isimo sezulu esihle, kodwa labikezela ukuwohloka yayo. Abagibeli nivuna fun, kodwa ihora phakathi kwamabili, iningi labo kakade sezilele. Lapho "Estonia" isikebhe lidlule unqamule Turku umugqa, abantu baye abangakayitholi isikhathi ukulala, wazizwa esishaqisayo eqinile ngempela, futhi wezwa umsindo. Lo mkhumbi waqala kuhlu amathathu nanye ebusuku onezitezi emthambekeni safinyelela degrees 30, futhi laqhubeka landa. Kuqalwe sokuba netwetwe, kodwa imizamo yokutakula iningi abagibeli yayiyize, ukuphuma imihubhe kwakungenakwenzeka. Kwakuvela amanzi, futhi izakhamuzi emphemeni ongaphezulu sathola ithuba at impilo. Isignali ukucindezeleka owawusakazwa, kodwa kakhulu umusi ngesikhathi esifanayo sesinyamalele esibukweni radar, - kwaba eziyishumi ezimbili nobusuku obungamashumi amane. Ferry "Estonia" bashone ngesikhathi labangaba ngu-80 amamitha ukujula ngesikhathi uhlela 59 ° 22 'N futhi 21 ° 40' longitude empumalanga. Ekuseni kwalezi zindaba ezibuhlungu esabalala iplanethi.

insindiso

Okokuqala zeza esakhiweni le nhlekelele isikebhe "Mariella", ogama nezisebenzi wabe ukutakula abantu ekucindezelekeni. Amathuba yayimane nje ambalwa abantu abayikhulu, abakwazi ukuwushiya umkhumbi bese ususe kuwo. Ubude ebhodini babe zezisebenzi 989 futhi abagibeli. Kwagqashuka isiphepho, imimoya enamandla, inkungu wakwenza nesimo esinzima. Zokuhlenga kanye izihlenga babe engenamsebenzi, kwafumaniseka ukuthi babe yizinkulungwane ezingenalutho, abantu abaningi ababengenandaba emanzini begqoke omunye. Ziyakwazi supercool futhi wafa. Cishe phakathi kwamabili lo ezintathu esimweni wangena ezinophephela emhlane, kodwa zazingenawo amandla, izintambo kulowo moya akakwazanga ukumelana umthwalo. Ngisho nalabo abaye ephethwe ukukhulisa, wafa ngenxa yamakhaza. Imizamo nobuqhawe amatilosi kwaholela ukusindisa abantu 137 kusukela bonke abantu e Tallinn wathatha ebhodini isikebhe "Estonia." Killing zezisebenzi 95 futhi abagibeli, kuyilapho 757 babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli olahlekile, kodwa ngezinye eziyisikhombisa ekuseni, kwaba sobala ukuthi ingathiwa uhlu ngengoma.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni

Chaza ukufa okusheshayo isitsha yesimanje endaweni sasivumela uphephile kolwandle ngesikhathi esisodwa akekho owaba nesibindi. Nokho kamuva kwacaca ukuthi isikebhe "Estonia" yacwila ngenxa amagagasi iziteleka Uphule visors (lawa izakhi kummango, lapho uvula umshini ekwazi ukungena emphemeni ukulayisha). onecala ngokuxhamazela wamemezela German ngisemsebenzini «Meyer», lapho abameleli ngisemsebenzini athi eside wokusebenza ngesikhathi kwenzeka le nhlekelele kudlulwe engu-14. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi flotation nhlobo awuzange eyenzelwe zolwandle amagagasi futhi kwadingeka ukuba enze izindiza kuphela ugu cabotage, isibonelo ukuwela amatheku. Kunoma ikuphi, imbangela yale nhlekelele iye yabizwa ngokuthi. Kepha akusimina kodwa ukuchaza zonke izimo. Kukhona inguqulo ezengeziwe.

izidakamizwa

Izihitshela kwaphazamiseka; amaqabunga landizela off, kamuva wathola ngesikhathi abalulekile (mayelana emayela) kude endaweni nesenzakalo phansi kunjalo. Kodwa lolu cwaningo ephakanyiswe teluhlaka wabonisa ukuthi okunamathiselwe wayenamandla futhi ayikwazanga kwakuthiwa okuzabalaza isikhundla avaliwe imithwalo esindayo. Khona-ke kwaba khona inguqulo loops ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngenxa kuvulwa valve ngejubane. Ngokushesha ngesandla kothile ukukhanya kwathiwa owasungulwa nokucabanga yokudlala olwandle izidakamizwa emcimbini. Kubonakala sengathi othile wakwazi ukuvimbela nokushushumbisa elinde ukuba ulinde, futhi ngokushesha besusa wezimpahla eziyingozi. Inguqulo, uma sikubeka kahle, kwaba uyimbudane. Ngisho noma isikebhe "Estonia" futhi wayephethe izidakamizwa ezingemthetho abakwazanga ukuma yenqwaba, abaphonse olwandle bahluleka ingozi yokuzibulala.

Explosion?

Kuthiwani uma enezinto zivaliwe, singakghona ucabange ukuthi okunamathiselwe yabo sebunzimeni ezengeziwe, ezifana i isiqhumane. Ukuze ukuhlole lo mbono ephakanyiswe kusuka phansi bawa off izingxenye waqalwa ngo-2000, eziye zabhekana cwaningo. Ngokusobala le misebenzi akasinikanga impendulo, kodwa akazange aphike nokucabanga. Ubani futhi kungani ulimaze? Kulesi senzakalo, ngaso leso sikhathi kwase kukhona imibono eyayisinesikhathi amabili ahlobene.

hlola version Double

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ukulawula inani izikhali egcinwe kwi insimu yalo, kuhlanganise entsha, ngakwazi ukubona kancane elahlekile. Okungenani, ngakho uthi abanye abahlaziyi yesimanje. Ezisanda amazwe azimele, nasemazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet baba abanikazi yezikhali umxhwele, okuyinto beniyingxenye imiklamo zakamuva, kufaka hlangana lezo eziphathelene akhethekile zenuzi. Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi kukhona kwakugaywa ngoba ezizathwini mayelana nokuthi ubani wayenesithakazelo ukubhujiswa okusanhlamvu imfihlo. Inketho yokuqala - isikebhe "Estonia" yacwila CIA, owesaba ukuchayeka imisebenzi yakhe lobunhloli, futhi utopia imikhondo ezansi. Umbono wesibili amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene, kodwa incazelo iyafana. Russian intelligence ejenti, izindlalifa "ukhiye-Gee-bi", uvikelwe i ukususwa umzamo izikhali imfihlo Soviet.

Iyini imfihlakalo oluyimfihlakalo

Kunezindlela eziningana izimo eziye makwaziwe emphakathini futhi namanje abakabutholi incazelo. I-computer hard drive okuyinto liyipharamitha esinqunyiwe e isitsha empeleni indiza "black box" Imodi, ngezifo nezinhlungu abatakuli ungazange kwatholakala, nakuba ngifuna ngokucophelela. Amabili ezisindayo-duty imoto ebhodini, ngokuvumelana ofakazi, ayizange iphumelele amasiko ukuhlolwa. Imfihlakalo kokufa "Estonia" isikebhe awuzwakali nakakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi fir induna, ulahlekile version olusemthethweni olahlekile, livele kwelinye izimoto yezokwelapha, bethwele bophulwe, ngisho wenza befilimu. Ngemva kwalokho waba abazange baphinde babonwe. Ngokufanayo, wanyamalala nabanye abaningana abagibeli emva kokukhipha nabo kusuka ngamanzi abandayo. Nokho, konke lokhu kungenziwa kwachazwa eMihlanganweni ukudideka ebusa njalo ngemva kwenhlekelele enkulu.

Kodwa kungani sikebhe womkhumbi wanquma odongeni kuze ukhonkolo, kunzima ukuqonda. Ukujula lapho lagxila, ingenkulu ukuze avimbele bephakamisa isitsha uma kungenjalo, khona-ke okungenani izidumbu zezisulu le ngozi. Noma kunjalo, kwanqunywa ukuba phakade ukufihla ngaphansi ungqimba ngokhonkolo emehlweni isikebhe "Estonia." Abashona sesibe steel yabo ethuneni kuze kube phakade. kanjani you cha kholwa we "enuzi" nguqulo?

I cishe inkomba

Ngo nje isigamu usuku phambi ebulalayo indiza isikebhe "Estonia" usebhekene wokuhlola lobuchwepheshe. Ongakhethi ochwepheshe umbono ngesimo sempilo yakhe kwaveza amaphutha, okuyinto yazisiwe inkampani ukuphathwa lokuthumela. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lo mkhumbi wahamba ngomkhumbi olwandle. Phakathi kwezinkinga wakhomba onjiniyela kanye nokwephula ukwakhiwa uvala ramps amadivaysi. Ngokusobala, osomabhizinisi Estonia abangenayo imithombo yezimali okwanele ukulungisa imishini, wanquma ukuhlehlisa ukulungiswa, kodwa manje uthole okwengeziwe. Lokhu kakhulu okusikhumbuza ithemba mhlawumbe isibaluli ngasizathu simbe Russian eyodwa kuphela. Lokhu kungadala uglyadet ukufihla amaqiniso amaningi eholele kulokhu lapho ivela khona futhi izinguqulo ekwenzekeni kwento engenakwenzeka. Izithakazelo isimo nokuqashelwa yayo, angase abe afakazelwe zohlelo iqiniso. Ulwandle akusho ukuthethelela ukunganaki.