Amasosha SS: umlando kanye nezithombe

Schutzstaffel, noma Guard lamabutho - njengoba eJalimane lobuNazi e 1923-1945 GG. ngokuthi amasosha SS, paramilitary iQembu LamaNazi (NSDAP). Umsebenzi oyinhloko amayunithi ukulwa lapho besanda kuqala kumiswa - welungu umholi, u-Adolf Hitler.

amasosha SS: ekuqaleni komlando

Konke kwaqala ngo-March 1923, lapho yemilindankosi futhi umshayeli kwe-Adolf Hitler, a kumklami oqeqeshiwe Emil Moris, kanye umthengisi zasehhovisi, futhi itoho sezombusazwe kanye eJalimane lobuNazi Yozefom Berhtoldom elisungulwe Munich, Ukuvikelwa abasebenzi. Injongo eyinhloko eyayisanda kumiswa impi kwaba ukuvikela sokudumisa u-Adolf Hitler sika iQembu LamaNazi ezinsongweni kungenzeka futhi ukucunula nezinye izinhlangano kanye namanye amaqembu ezombusazwe.

Ngemva nesiqalo esincane njengoba iyunithi ukuphathwa nokuvikeleka NSDAP ukulwa iyunithi ikhule ibe Vaffen-MOP ehlome isigaba zokuzivikela. IZikhulu amasosha Vaffen-SS omkhulu ukulwa iyunithi. Inani kwaba nabantu abangaphezu kuka-950 eziyinkulungwane, kwamiswa ingqikithi 38 ukulwa amayunithi.

Beer Hall Putsch kwe-Adolf Hitler no E. Ludendorff

"Bürgerbräukeller" - ubhiya ihholo e Munich ku Rozenhaymershtrasse, 15. Area pub bavunyelwe kuthathe abantu 1830. Njengoba izinsuku Weimar Republic, ngenxa yokuba nekhono lokuhlinzeka, "Bürgerbräukeller" waba indawo ethandwa kakhulu izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise bemvelo zezombusazwe.

Ngakho, ebusuku-8 kuya kwezingu-9 November 1923 ehholo enkantini kwakukhona nokwambuka, ogama umgomo kwaba ukuketula uhulumeni wamanje eJalimane. Isikhulumi sokuqala kwaba uzakwabo kwe-Adolf Hitler ku umbono wepolitiki u-Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff, elisho imigomo abanayo kanye nezinhloso ngalo mbuthano. Umhleli oyinhloko noMphefumleli lomcimbi kwakungu-Adolf Hitler, umholi iQembu LamaNazi - a iQembu LamaNazi abasha. Enkulumweni yakhe ecaleni, wabiza waphakamisela abhubhise bonke izitha lakhe iNational Socialist Party.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha Beer Hall Putsch - ngakho indaba baba umcimbi zezombusazwe - zazivela amasosha SS, ephethwe at umphathisikhwama isikhathi kanye nomngane wami omkhulu we sokudumisa J. Berchtold. Nokho, iziphathimandla German baye basabela ngesikhathi kweqembu amaNazi futhi kuthathwe zonke izinyathelo ukuze akuqede. U-Adolf Hitler owagwetshwa futhi wagqunywa ejele, futhi iqembu NSDAP e wawusuvinjelwe eJalimane. Yiqiniso, akusadingeki kanye nemisebenzi zokuzivikela yabalindi esanda elihlomile. amasosha SS (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi) njengoba ukwakheka ukulwa we "ukushaqeka amabutho", idilizwa.

Eyaluzayo sokudumisa

Ngakhululwa ejele ngo-April 1925, u-Adolf Hitler neqembu lakhe ngaphambilini abafo nomqaphi Yu Shrek akha yemilindankosi siqu. "Amasosha Shock" ntandokazi wanikwa amasosha zangaphambili. Ukuqoqa abantu abayisishiyagalombili, Yu Shrek kudala iqembu ukuzivikela. Ekupheleni kuka-1925 inani eliphelele ukulwa kumiswa kwaba abantu abangaba yinkulungwane. Kusukela manje, abelwe igama "amasosha SS amaNazi Party."

Ukujoyina inhlangano SS NSDAP kungaba ubani. Ukuze abafundela "zokuhlonipha" isikhundla banikezwe izimo ezinzima:

• yobudala kusukela 25 kuya eminyakeni engu-35;
• Indawo endaweni hhayi ngaphansi kuka iminyaka 5;
• kukhona guarantors amabili hlangana namalunga amalungu enhlangano;
• impilo enhle;
• isiyalo;
• ingqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ube yilungu party futhi, ngokufanelekile, leli sosha SS, ikhandidethi kwakumelwe azibonakalise ukuthi basonta ephakeme emncintiswaneni zama-Aryan. Lezo zinto zenziwa yilawa imithetho SS esemthethweni (Schutzstaffel).

Ukufundiswa nokuqeqeshwa

amasosha Waffen SS ukuba kwenzeke uqeqesho ezifanele ezempi, okuyinto kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana futhi yathatha izinyanga ezintathu. I yezinjongo eziyinhloko ukuqeqeshwa okunzulu labantu abasha ababhaliswayo kwakuyilawa:

• kakhulu ukulolonga umzimba ;
• ulwazi ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane nezikhali ifa ephelele;
• ezithile zezombangazwe.

Ukufunda ikhono lokukhuluma impi kakhulu kangangokuthi lapho lunye kuphela abantu abathathu angagcina uhambe ibanga egcwele. Ngemva eziyisisekelo ukubuthela ukuqeqeshwa Yiqiniso ethunyelwe ezikoleni ezikhethekile lapho wathola ukwakheka ezengeziwe elihambisana uhlobo ekhethiwe kwezikhali.

ukuqeqeshwa obengeziwe bokuhlakanipha lempi ibutho yayisekelwe hhayi kuphela ubuchwepheshe webutho lezempi, kodwa futhi ku ukwethembana nenhlonipho phakathi ukhetho iziphathimandla noma amasosha. Lapha sibona izinto ezingefani amasosha Wehrmacht kusukela amasosha SS, onikeza igunya isiyalo esiqinile kanye nenqubomgomo eqinile ukwehlukana izikhulu nakubantu.

Induna entsha amayunithi ukulwa

Okudalwe wamabutho yangasese, okuyinto kwahluka ukuzinikela lihle futhi ithembekile sokudumisa u-Adolf Hitler enamathiselwe obaluleke ngokukhethekile. Iphupho eyinhloko umholi laseJalimane lobuNazi kwaba ukudala kumiswa elite, akwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi silindelwe nabo Party we-National Socialist. Ukuze wenze lokhu kudingeka umholi angabhekana ngayo lo msebenzi. Ngakho, ngo-January 1929, ngeseluleko kaHitler Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Luitpold UHimmler waba omunye abasizi Hitler ezithembekile e -Third Reich. inombolo Siqu umsebenzi SS entsha abakhulu - 168.

Umsebenzi wakhe njengenhloko kweyunithi elite boss entsha waqala ngokuveza kokuqina Inqubomgomo izisebenzi. Ukuthuthukisa izimfuneko ezintsha for kwabasebenzi, Heinrich UHimmler usule kwababusi ukulwa kumiswa nengxenye. SS Reichsfuhrer mathupha bachitha amahora amaningi befunda izithombe amalungu namalungu ozobhapathizwa SS, ekutholeni amaphutha abo "ukuhlanzeka ngokohlanga." Nokho, maduzane nje, inani lamasosha SS izikhulu ikhuphuke kakhulu, ukwanda kokungabi cishe 10 izikhathi. impumelelo enjalo SS abakhulu safinyelela iminyaka emibili.

Ngenxa isithunzi Waffen-SS wakhula kakhulu. Kwaba Heinrich UHimmler udumo ngubani owabhala isenzo abadumile, ijwayelekile wonke amabhayisikobho mayelana ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - "Heil Hitler", nge ngokuvuswa ngakwesokunene ngqo i-engela 45º. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga Reichsfuhrer yathuthukiswa uhlobo amasosha Wehrmacht (kuhlanganise SS), eyathatha kwaze kwaba yilapho kuwa eJalimane lobuNazi ngo-May 1945.

I-oda we sokudumisa

Igunya Schutzstaffel (SS) ikhule kakhulu ngenxa oda siqu Fuehrer. Ukuze uyishicilele uthi akekho umuntu unelungelo lokubumba noma lokuba anikeze imiyalo amasosha nezikhulu SS, ngaphezu ababaphethe ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa Kunconywa ukuba wonke amayunithi SA, ukushaya amabutho, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Brownshirts" ngazo zonke izindlela ukusiza abasebenzi e-SS Army, usinika yokugcina nge amasosha wabo omkhulu.

Amayunifomu we Waffen SS

Kusukela manje Ifomu SS isosha kwaba luhluke troopers izingubo isiphepho (SA), abophiko lwezokuphepha (DS) nezinye izikhali elihlangene amayunithi sokubusa kwamaNazi. Isici esiphawulekayo iyunifomu yamasosha SS kwaba:

• black jacket ibhulukwe elimnyama;
• isikibha esimhlophe;
• black cap futhi uthayi abamnyama.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu emikhonweni kwesokunxele jacket kanye / noma jacket manje zibukisa isifinyezo digital ebonisa sokusebenzisana endinganisweni ethile Waffen SS. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-nempi eYurophu, ngo-1939, ama-SS nenyumfomu yamasosha waqala liguquke. ukuqaliswa ezinqala imiyalo Heinrich UHimmler kwi amafomu omnyama nomhlophe olulodwa, ezingafani yangasese ibutho isosha-Adolf Hitler kusukela kuhlanganiswe izingalo umbala nezinye zokwakheka amaNazi kwadingeka poslableno eziningana.

Party eyakha ukuthunga iyunifomu yamasosha, ngenxa umsebenzi omkhulu, kwaba likwazi ukunikela bonke Amayunithi iyunifomu SS. Military ezihlongozwayo ukusishintsha amabheji okuqondene Schutzstaffel nge izingalo elihlangene yakha Wehrmacht.

ezinhlwini Military we Waffen SS

Njenganoma iyiphi Abezempi, ibutho SS kukhona yokwehlayo phakathi kwababusi ezempi. Ngezansi ithebula ngokuqhathanisa bezigaba okulingana servicemen weZempi iSoviet, Wehrmacht kanye Waffen SS.

The esiphezulu isikhundla lempi ibutho elite-Adolf Hitler kwaba Reichsfuehrer SS, kuze kube-May 23, 1945 kwakungekaNkulunkulu Genrihu Gimmleru, okuyinto kwakulingana kuya Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa sika iRed Army.

Imiklomelo kanye ukuhlukanisa ngokwezigaba SS

Amasosha nezikhulu kweyunithi elite Waffen SS kwanikezelwa oda, izindondo kanye nezinye izici ezibonisa ukuthi umehluko, kanye namasosha nezinye amayunithi lempi ibutho laseJalimane lobuNazi. Kwakukhona kuphela inombolo encane imiklomelo ehlukile, okuyinto zakhiwa ngqo "nezithandwa" we sokudumisa. Lezi zihlanganisa izindondo iminyaka 4 no-8 zencwadi inkonzo egunjini elite-Adolf Hitler, ubeke isiphambano okhethekile nge swastika, okuyinto yanikwa SS 12 no-25 iminyaka yenkonzo yokuzinikezela sokudumisa yakhe.

amadodana ezithembekile sokudumisa zabo

Flashback SS isosha: "Ukuhambisa izimiso siye emsebenzini, ukwethembeka nodumo. ukuzivikela kaZwelonke futhi zobungane - lawa izimfanelo eziyinhloko ukuba sihlakulele. Saphoqeleka ukubulala bonke ababengabanini phambi umgqomo kwezibhamu yethu. Umuzwa isihawu akufanele ukumisa yiqhawe elikhulu lakwa-German noma owesifazane, encenga isihe, noma amehlo ezingane. We faka isiqubulo esithi: ". Thatha ekufeni, ukufa" Ukufa kufanele sekuyinsakavukela. Kwaba yilelo nalelo butho wayazi ukuthi ngokunikeza ngokuphila kwakhe njengomhlatshelo, ngalokho basiza Greater eJalimane ekulweni nesitha ezivamile, nobukhomanisi. Sicabangele ngokwabo amaqhawe ukuze ikusasa emhlabeni elite Hitler. "

La mazwi basonta elinye lamasosha yangaphambili-Third Reich, ezejwayelekile elihamba iyunithi SS Gustav Frank, owayesinde isimangaliso emva kwempi kwaseStalingrad futhi lathunjwa Russian. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekusuke izwi ukuzisola noma ekuzenzeni iqhawe elula bobusha amabili amaNazi? Namuhla kunzima ukwahlulela.

Icala le ababehamba laseJalimane lobuNazi

Ngesikhathi isivivinyo eNuremberg ukuhlola izikhulu kanye amasosha Wehrmacht futhi SS batholwa benecala njengoba amalungu nenhlangano yezigelekeqe esebenza, ngakho Veterans okukhulunywa elwa amabutho zaphucwa amalungelo amaningi ntofontofo njengabanye abantu abantu abaphila nabo, esidlule ekulweni.

Nokho, ama-SS amasosha aseJalimane, ogama ubudala ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili akazange idlule iminyaka engu-18, bakhululwa ekulahleni futhi kwakufaneleka ngokugcwele sicabangela yidlanzana labantu faka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube manje, uhlelo lokuqeqesha amabutho Waffen-SS iye yamukelwa ngamabutho yesimanje kwamanye amazwe e-Europe ne-United States.