Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-satellite kuqala ku Earth orbit

Early ekuseni ekwindla ngo-1957, futhi ngokunembile ngo-October 3, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome kwethulwa imoto wokuqala emhlabeni Umhlaba yokufakelwa satellite ezazibekwe ngokucophelela esimweni mpo. Indlela umphumela wayo okunomqondo omningi ngu amaqembu amaningi kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union. Kwakusadingeka amahora amane amasheke, fixings futhi injabulo, kodwa ukubonakala mkhathi isivele kwawenza azethemba ezinye empumelelweni icala olunzima kangaka. Bekumnandi. Isimo sezulu nesithwathwa, futhi yonke rocket, okuyobangela ka imoto wesitimela, bemi eduze, embozwe isithwathwa akhazimulayo like diamond uthuli.

PS-1 isathelayithi lokuqala Soviet, futhi kwaba kakade umnsalo umkhumbi wawususukile encane (enesisindo esingaphansi 84 kg), ibhola emise, ubukhulu bayo kwaba 580 mm. Ngaphakathi kuwo, e omisiwe nitrogen emoyeni, kuyinto iyunithi electronic, okuyinto ngezindinganiso impumelelo lanamuhla kungase kubonakale kakhulu elula. Kodwa musa asheshe afinyelele eziphethweni - on the base tube isici futhi algorithm eyinkimbinkimbi waqalwa usebenzisa imishini othomathikhi. Lapho isathelayithi lokuqala wahlukana Isiphathi walo, laphuma iphini antenna ezine ukuhlinzeka ukugeleza nzile isignali yomsakazo kuzo zonke izindawo. Orient isikhundla kudivayisi emkhathini, khona-ke kwaba ngezinga elithile emitters singakafiki isikhathi directionless axazulula inkinga eziyisixwayiso amasevisi phansi ohlelweni bese indawo emzileni.

Yokusakaza babe yanjalo ezimbili watt Lidlulisela, ngemva demodulation kwaba isignali umsindo ngesimo a "dash", futhi esimweni uma umsebenzi ezinye izindlala isibe normal, "Beep" babevame ezikhishwayo. Lamukela Umbono Ka-radio nayizimfundamakhwela ukushayela kwadingeka ukuba bafakaze ukuthi isathelayithi lokuqala kwakwenziwa ngempela emzileni.

Imishini ezidingekayo ukuze uzivumelanise yibo esiqinile Imodi mperaturnogo, futhi isekela esishunyekiwe fan heater.

I isathelayithi lokuqala orbited imoto R-7, ngesikhathi zakamuva, njengoba ayephethe secret code "uphikisana 8K71PS". Kuphela yesihlanu missile qalisa, wadala e KB, eholwa SP Korolev. The main original injongo yayo - ukulethwa kwezikhali zenuzi, umgomo - zwekazi American. Kodwa le ndlela asabekayo wathola ukusetshenziswa obunokuthula - ukuletha satellite kuqala eduze-Earth isikhala.

Umklami Jikelele Kwakungelula ukukholisa ukuphathwa isidingo indiza emkhathini, futhi lapho lokho kubhuntsha, setha nezinsuku ozinikeziwe kakhulu. Umsebenzi zezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene neminyango Kwakuseshwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto eziningi zazingaphezu ezingaziwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe athuthukiswe njengoba kuphakama nezinselelo. I isathelayithi lokuqala wakwazi ukusungula uhlelo.

Ngezinye 10:28 pm wesikhathi eMoscow ngo-October 4, rocket sathandwa esibhakabhakeni, futhi ngokushesha tass yamemezela ukuqaliswa iphupho osekukade baso sonke isintu - zokuhambela imithala ekude baba engenzeka ngempela, kungase kutholakale izincwadi zeBhayibheli ongazijwayele.

High phezu kwamakhanda izakhamuzi iplanethi landizela inkanyezi kancane, satellite kuqala. EU.SSR baba lakubo, ososayensi, onjiniyela kanye nezisebenzi - by abadali yayo, futhi kwakungekho wokuthokoza umkhawulo wabo bonke abantu, uzizwa ukuhileleka kwabo impumelelo.