Kurenivsko angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1961 e Kiev: umlando, incazelo

Ukuze uthole ezingaphezu kuka amahlanu kancane kusukela ngosuku esenzeka inhlokodolobha inhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu Ukraine ephethwe amaSoviet sika. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi cishe kwakungekho noyedwa intsha yanamuhla ayaziwa Kurenivsko nesibhicongo 1961.

Yayiyini Kiev buthule

Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ngokuyinhloko ukuze singathwesi ajabulise umphakathi, inani eliqondile nokufa oluthathwa. Esikwaziyo mayelana izibalo ezisemthethweni - ku ezahlukene abantu 145. Akukho lutho isimanga, imiphumela kweqiniso le nhlekelele isikhathi eside ngokucophelela zisitshela. Kwaphela izinsuku eziningana zilandelana Kyïv buthule njengoba zinjalo - ifoni sivaliwe, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afinyelele kuphi. Ngisho izindiza ezithwala ayenqatshelwe ukundiza phezu isayithi le nhlekelele emasontweni ambalwa azayo. Kurenivsko nhlekelele yenzeke kungazelelwe, futhi wazama sokuthula.

Lo mcimbi cishe akakaze okukhulunywa. Kucatshangwa le labafa alihlanganisi uhla 1.5-2 ayizinkulungwane. Kyïv izakhamizi, okungekho noyedwa kubo babengazi nokuthi usuku ngo-March 13, 1961 kuzoba sazo sokugcina ngo-ukuphila. Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi le nhlekelele yenzeke Kurenevsko nokuthi ezifihlakele iminyaka eminingi kangaka!

Kanjani ukuthi kwenzekeni

NgoMsombuluko ekuseni. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ekuqaleni evamile lweviki ukusebenza yezwe zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni athuthukile. izakhamuzi zaseSoviet egijimela imisebenzi yabo, ukufunda. Ezokuhamba zomphakathi, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, igcwele.

Okokuqala, e Kurenyovka, edolobheni elikhulu, ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye ukusakaza amanzi amancane enziwe ukunyakaza kungenzeki emigwaqweni. Ngokushesha, kusukela Babi Yar uginindela utshaza wave ukuphakama kwamamitha 14 ngesekhondi odlulayo 5 amamitha. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi nje imizuzu embalwa insimu ka cishe 30 amahektha kwakunzima ukufunda. Yaqala kanjalo Kurenevsko zezikhukhula 1961.

I yayisongela grey ansundu mudflow ngendathane egcwele emigwaqeni, nokugumbuqela izimoto namaloli, abhubhise isakhiwo, ngokuhudula abahamba ngezinyawo. Konke emhlabeni laligcwele by udaka ungqimba, lapho kwakukhona ubumba, isihlabathi, zithutha nezinye udoti. Ukuwa zikagesi kwaholela komlilo, ophithizelayo trams abagibeli, izinqola zokudla namabhasi. Abantu abangu empeleni ezithathwe ukumangala: ezinye ibhulakufesi, othile uzame kusuka efonini kwenkokhelo idokodo, njll Bese ubhala ukuthi kwaba yangempela Kiev yasePompeii ... Kurenivsko angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1961 sabulala nabantu abaningi, lokho nje ukukhuluma ngakho babengafuni.

esabekayo isithombe

Yalondolozwa kwezikhathi izenzakalo ezimbi e Kurenyovka. Ukubhujiswa okusongela iphutha cishe ngehora lesithathu. I esasibucayi wafika imizuzu ayisithupha namashumi amane nanhlanu (evela kweminye imithombo - at seligamenxe ihora lesishiyagalombili ekuseni). Kwaba isithombe esibi. Wasinda ekuthunjweni ayizinkulungwane 700 cubic metres kwengaphakathi, kuyashesha, acekela konke okwakusendle indlela yabo, kuhlanganise ukwakhiwa. Ngo ukusakaza jikelele, eyayintula ububanzi amamitha angu-20, abangu-hhayi kuphela abantu abangekho nhlanhla ophilayo. Wamanzi owawugujwe ithuna emathuneni lapho izidumbu basuka izingcezu ezibolile amabhokisi.

Kurenivsko angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1961 yayinzima futhi okwesabisayo. Konke lokho kungase kwenzeke, kwakunzima ukutshela. Abantu lokusinda ungafuni ukukhumbula ukuthi usuku, njengoba abaningi baye baphelelwa othile.

Ukubhubhisa ukugeleza kwamanzi isidlulile ku Frunze Street

Ngaphezu kwakho konke waya izakhi Ukufutheka inkampani "Ukrpromkonstruktor" tram edepho Krasin, izibhedlela, inkundla "Spartak". kwesigaba esonakele we Frunze emgwaqweni, kanye izakhiwo zokuhlala, okuyinto zitholakala kule ndawo udonga. izikhukhula Ubude endaweni 5000 square metres. m waphenduka 53 izakhiwo, kuhlanganise izindawo zokulala ezimbili. Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye izakhiwo abathintekayo - omunye storey indlu. Kurenivsko angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1961 e Kiev uye wabangela ukuphazamiseka amaningi.

Nge wesenzo ngokugqamile futhi uyale kwabasebenzi tram edepho amandla substation yakhutshazwa. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuvimbela imililo okwengeziwe ku ezokuthutha kagesi kanye kuthikameze yokuthi umuntu abanjwe ugesi. Kancane kancane, igagasi uya uphelelwa amandla, ku Frunze emgwaqweni ukuphakama salo sesibe esingaphansi kwesigamu. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuthatha impilo zabantu ngisho ambalwa Kiev.

UMsombuluko - usuku ezisindayo

Indaphundaphu, okuyinto egcwele endaweni, ohlangene, cishe ilingane kwabantu itshe. Ingqikithi ketshezi ixubene enkundleni embozwe udaka ungqimba ubumba obukhulu "Spartak" ezakhelene Podolsky ekwehleleni. Ngisho oluphakemeyo wayegxile, njengoba ukushuba ungqimba amamitha bebathathu.

Yena samelana igalelo Podolsky Isibhedlela, ophahleni okuyinto iphethwe ukukhuphuka futhi ngaleyo ndlela wonge ezinye iziguli. Kubantu abaningi Kurenevka ngoMsombuluko kwesibhamu kwaba uhlobo "usuku yasePompeii."

Yahlala isikhathi eside ekusithekeni Kurenivsko nhlekelele. Njengoba kwakunjalo, le ngokushesha khumbula ofakazi, phambi iyiphi ungabona izinyembezi.

ukuze ongaziwa

It wathola oda imfihlo sokuqhuba imingcwabo iziphathimandla cishe ngasese, ngaphandle umngcwabo yombango amangcwaba ezahlukene eKiev. Ezinye kwamathuna kukhona ngisho ngaphakathi esifundeni. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zenzelwe ukufihla inamba evela wangempela izisulu, kanjalo sigweme resonance zezombusazwe.

Noma kunjalo, kumelwe ngincome ubuholi - izakhamuzi engajabule kabani izindlu kwaba endaweni yenhlekelele, unikezwe izikhiye ezindlini ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu banikezwe ithuba sithenge ngesikweletu zasendlini ngaphansi inikezwe amakhuphoni ekhethekile.

Qualitatively ukufihla le nhlekelele enkulu Kurenivsko 1961 (Kiev, Ukraine), okuyinto amangalelwe amashumi izikhathi ezingaphezu ukuphila kwabantu kunokuzama kwamenyezelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Trip ku esidlulileko

Umbuzo ngezimbangela zokuziphendukela le nhlekelele Kurynivska. Ingabe zonke kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso futhi lutho, njengoba besho, zimpawu enkingeni? Akufanele yini nathi ugxeka inhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu isici kuphela? Mhlawumbe inhlekelele kwakunokwenzeka ngenxa isici womuntu (i-yezinqumo ubunjiniyela, ngokungacabangi kothile)? Noma kube khona ukuphazamiseka kwamabutho olungaphezu koluvamile? Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, kubalulekile ukwenza uhambo ku esidlulileko futhi ukwenza kancane uphenyo. Hhayi lutho kwaba yile nhlekelele Kurenivsko. "Esiqalekisweni the Babi Yar" ukuyibiza bendawo. Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Lokhu kuba sobala uma siqhubeka kokufunda lesi sihloko.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lapho Kiev kwakuhlezi amaNazi e Babi Yar kwakukhona ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu. Sekukonke, lapha afumana ukufa kwabo ezingaphezu kuka-260 eziyinkulungwane kwabantu abangenacala, zazo cishe izinkulungwane 150 amaJuda. AmaJalimane, yebo, benza konke abangakwenza ukuze afihle amacala abo ezishaqisayo ovuthayo izidumbu kwalokho.

amaqiniso esesabisayo

Ngemva kokunqoba kuka-wobushiqela Babi Yar bakhangwa abaphangi. Uma sekuhwalala "archeologists abamnyama" Siwohloza phansi, uzama ukuthola lapho izindandatho zegolide namazinyo.

Inkinga yaxazululeka indlela enhlamba. On endaweni lapho waphumula embozwe umhlaba isidumbu, kwakufanele kube epaki ukuzilibazisa, ukugibela kanye dance floor. Kulokhu, ikomidi lesigungu esikhulu ka City Council sisekelwe eenkambisweni elandelayo kugomela: umzimba esingu amaJuda awufanelwe ukwelashwa komuntu, kwakudingekile ukuba eyayimenza angabanjwa.

40 Late sika - zakuqala 50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule zaziphawuleka ngokungabi ukwakhiwa emikhulu of zokuhlala eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo eduze Kiev, okuyinto edume elika "Khrushchev". Ukrainian SSR Capital wandisa nge izigodi entsha yezindlu. Imboni yezokwakha kukhona isidingo esiphuthumayo inqwaba izitini. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namafemu funa ekhona isitini ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele ubusuku nemini.

Izimpande inhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu

Kurenivsko nhlekelele (Mashi 13 , 1961, Kiev) akazange sengishintshile, izimo kufanele itholwe ngo-1950. E-Moscow, inhlangano ye-project lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela Ministry of zokwakha e Babi Yar isakhiwo wokubacindezela for nokugcinwa kukadoti ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni isitini kaPetru. ukuqaliswa yalo laliyobhujiswa ukuqhubeka kulandela isinqumo ngaphansi inombolo 582 yikomidi esiphezulu Kyïv City Council. Ngokushesha "ukukhanya," inhloko yawo isikhulu wanquma ukushintsha inguqulo yasekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke lithathiwe isinqumo esihlukile №2405, owawuthi? ngemva kokukhulisa ezingeni kwatheleka ayenakho ukufinyelela umugqa udonga.

Owayekade eyisikhulu isihlabathi inkwali ngo-1952 waqala ukwakhiwa wokubacindezela yokulahla okwami. Ekuqaleni, emhlabeni wonke ipherimitha wathela edamini zobumba. Khona-ke, usebenzisa dredgers nelulwane waqala ukuthola imfucuza njengendlela slurry ne amabhizinisi wenziwa Clays umkhiqizo wokwakha izitini. Kodwa kungakabiphi kwaba omunye isimo. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, idamu zokuzivikela kwakuyodingeka benze up amamitha ayishumi. Neqiniso lokuthi ingozi emelelwa yokuthi lesi sakhiwo ukukhiqizwa imfucumfucu omkhulu zobumba esitsheni 60 amamitha rose ngenhla ezingeni elilodwa BP ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho kwakukhona abaningi Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo amabhizinisi abalulekile. Kurenivsko nhlekelele yenzeke ngenxa yobudedengu womuntu, okuye kungase kutholakale ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Amaphutha at izindleko zokuphila

Finyeta, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amaphutha ayisisekelo ezilandelayo:

• Hhayi ezicatshangwe ngokugcwele design gidronamyva wayonakalisiwe ngokuphelele, njengoba uchitshiyelwe "uchwepheshe" zendawo.
• Ababhali yephrojekthi, ngokusobala miscalculated a yamanzi inhlabathi ezansi inkwali wangaphambili.
• Ebusika, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela snowfalls esindayo, okuyinto ebalulekile.
• Kwakudingekile amadamu esikhundleni zobumba esakhiwe kunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine isakhiwo ukhonkolo.
• Ilondolozwe ku amanzi amapayipi. Ngenxa ubukhulu babo encane ohlelweni ayisebenzi kahle, hhayi primer amanzi iletha kuye kwadingeka isikhathi esibhedlela. Ngaphandle uginindela is ngokuqhubekayo fed e isamba enjalo ezikhathini mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 3 inani eziqukethwe ukubala yasekuqaleni. Brickworks wazama ukudlula plan, ngaphandle kokuma ekukhiqizeni, nesimiso emithathu shift.

Ngisho nalapho izimpawu iyashaqisa sobala kakhulu, kungekho izinyathelo zithathiwe. Vele iminyaka emine ngaphambi kwesibhamu suku Inhloko Ukuhlolwa kubika nokuphathwa izimboni isitini kaPetru nenhloko egatsheni emzini jetting mayelana esidabukisayo zamanje. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi ebusika. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi udonga esisodwa ngeke sikwazi ukuthwala ingxube amanzi nenhlabathi, yingakho ezindaweni ezizungezile kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi. It waqala njengoba nhlekelele Kurenivsko (Babi Yar ngoMashi 13, 1961).

Iminyaka eyishumi ebiyelwe indlela enqamula olwandle engamamitha udonga kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-4 million cubic metres. m slurry esimweni liquid. Zonke umthwalo kufanele zabelwe Alexei Davydov, ngubani wayeyinhloko City Council kusukela 1947 (umphathi-dolobha). Kukholakala ukuthi kungokwalabo umqondo abazalwa ohlambalazayo osesikhundleni lapho kubhujiswa lesi Babi Yar ngenxa ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo ngezitini. Esikhathini esizayo, it kulindeleke ukuba amathambo nothuli Yakha ukuzijabulisa izikhungo, kuhlanganise zokudla kanye ezikhangayo! Ukube kwakungengenxa kwenzeka Kurenivsko inhlekelele, kuyoba insini bafikelwa izinsalela amaJuda athunjiwe.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ilondolozwe Kahle izindaba kulabo ababengabafo abangamaqhawe ke phakathi Bendawo. Ungalokothi, cishe, ngeke angasulwa inkumbulo esithombeni esilandelayo. Ogandaganda, raking ukungcola egqinsiwe, layo namafosholo steel izidumbu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlahlelwe kubo. Labo izisulu ababe lucky ngokwanele ukuze usinde, bayiswe ezibhedlela abagibeli. Uma umuntu efa, interred bakhe eduze esibhedlela. Laba bantu ayisafakiwe ohlwini izisulu.

Kurenivsko angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa Mashi 13, 1961 - ibala elimnyama emlandweni-Ukraine. Konke lokhu besingagwemeka, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isifiso sokuba inqwaba ingcebo uyawenza amaphutha esingenakuthethelelwa.