Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: Biography, umndeni

Ngokuzayo wamavukelambuso Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich wazalwa ngo Novemba 22, 1893 edolobhaneni elincane Cabana, ukuthi isifundazwe Kiev. Ulwazi mayelana uyise elixutshwe. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, kwathiwa wagcizelela ukuthi Kaganovich wayevela emkhayeni ompofu. Nokho, wokuphila yesimanje uqaphele ziyaphikisana le nguqulo ngobufakazi nabantu ababengazi uLazaru ingane. Ngakho, ezinye zazo wabiza uMose Kaganovich Prasol - umthengi izinkomo nomholo eside.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Noma ubani ubaba, indodana ngalandela ezinyathelweni zakhe. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich njengoba Ingane yaqala kahle ikhono wezicathulo. Nge engu-14 wasebenza izicathulo izimboni. Kaganovich wayengumJuda, okungase kube nomthelela isikhundla salo Empire Russian. Iningi zamaJuda waphoqeleka ukuba akhuthazelele Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile ka Settlement kanye ukuhoxiswa ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaJuda amaningi bangena inguquko.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich ngalo mqondo iyathinteka. Nokho, ibandla lakhe ukukhetha engavamile umJuda ngothando. Nakuba umphakathi wamaJuda ngobuningi ukuze ujoyine izidlamlilo, Mensheviks, Social Abavukeli futhi Bundists. NoLazaru basilingisa umfowabo, noMikayeli, ngo-1911 yena wajoyina amaBolshevik.

abasha kwamaBolshevik

ukuphila kwale nsizwa ngaphambili waba iyisibonelo esihle imvelo wamavukelambuso. Wayelethwa njalo osolwa ngokubulala izikhawu ezimfushane, futhi KwamaBolshevik njalo yokushintsha indawo yokuhlala: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, njll yonke le mizi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich wadala imibuthano party nezinyunyana ka bezicathulo futhi tanners. Ngobusuku obandulela inguquko wahlala Yuzovka. Ukusebenza kanye ikhankasela isichathule wefektri yendawo, Kaganovich wahlangana abasha Nikitoy Hruschevym. Esikhathini esizayo, baqhubeka uxhumene eminyakeni kwenkonzo yakhe kuleli qembu.

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution Kaganovich baya Petrograd, nalapho efike waphelela khona abaqokelwe ababamele LoMhlangano ngu amaBolshevik uhlu. Esikhathini esizayo, wahlela imisebenzi agitational, kufaka ekhatsi okudalwe iRed Army. Lapho kubheduka impi yombango, ilungu party weqiniso aqala ukusebenza ngaphambili: e Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Ngo Turkestan Kaganovich waba ilungu RCP wendawo (b) futhi ufake Revolutionary Military oPhethe Turkestan Front. Party umsebenzi waqokwa usihlalo we umkhandlu-dolobha Tashkent. Ngesikhathi Kaganovich efanayo wakhethwa wenganyelwa iCentral Executive Committee of the RSFSR. Rushing ilungu le nomenklatura isitebhisi abasebasha beqembu akakwazanga ukuhlala ngaphandle ukunakwa Stalin, ngaleso sikhathi kulesi sikhundla ka Yabantu Commissar ngoba izizwe.

henchman kukaStalin

Ngaphansi Lenin abasha Kaganovich waba umsekeli umsekeli oqinile Stalin, ukusekela kuyo kwempi yangaphakathi zangaphandle. Le mpi ephakathi abaholi amaBolshevik Kwagqashuka ngokushesha ngemva kokufa komholi yakhe elalingumakhonya ngo-1924. Stalin, ukulungiselela ngxabano Trotsky nezinye ezingemnandi amalungu kuye Politburo, waqala ukumphakamisa nasezincekwini zakhe siqu. Koba kwaba yithuluzi zokuphatha, uNobhala we-Committee Central wayengeke ukuphakamisa abantu bakhe ukuba ezibalulekile okuthunyelwe party.

Ngithole indawo yayo kule scheme futhi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Umkhaya kanye nentsha umsebenzi abangu uvalwe eboshiwe Ukraine - ilapho njengoba uNobhala Jikelele we-Committee Central we bebandla batusa ukuba uStalin. Nakuba wake kungekho ubushiqela kuye kwadingeka. Noma kunjalo, amandla collective awuyiphikisanga isiphakamiso, futhi iqembu yokutholwa aphoyintimenti ezibalulekile.

E-Ukraine

Kwake kwathi ngo-Ukraine, Lazar Kaganovich waqala ukuphishekela umgomo ngokumelene "Ukrainization" - .. Khuthaza esikweni lesizwe, esikoleni, ulimi, njll umsebenzi wakhe omusha kwamaBolshevik isiyenziwe hardware abaphikisi phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Usihlalo Republican Council of Yabantu Commissars Vlas Chubar futhi Commissar semfundo Alexander Shumsky . Ngo-1928, bathola indlela yabo, futhi Stalin, Kaganovich wakhumbula eMoscow. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona ehhovisi uNobhala Jikelele LamaKhomanisi (amaBolshevik) Ukraine ukwenze yokutakula abanye emva kulwiwa.

Umhlahlandlela collectivization

Ukubuyela inhlokodolobha Kaganovich, uStalin bamshiya kweqoqo lakhe kwebasebenti kanye esimisiwe uNobhala leKomiti eMoscow iqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lazar iwine isihlalo ku Politburo. IKomiti Central, waba isisusa ezolimo. Ngaso nje ukuqala 20s kanye 30s. abalimi wakhuthazelela abaphucwa. Kaganovich wengamela ukudalwa amapulazi collective. Yilokhu ngobuqotho Stalin kanye esiphezulu fuduka necala umkhankaso eziyinkimbinkimbi esimweni edolobhaneni.

Ukuze umnikelo collectivization ka Kaganovich, ngomunye wabokuqala ukwamukela okudalwe Order of Lenin. Stalin, waphinda ayeqiniseka isethembiso sakhe sokwethembeka, benza uMongameli wakhe protégé weKhomishana, wenza ingashiswa ezinkulu phathi 1933-1934. Ngalesi sikhathi Kaganovich wasala eMoscow "ophethe" lapho umholi kwesokunxele ngamaholide zasehlobo oLwandle Olumnyama.

Ehola Wabantu Commissariat ka Railways

Kwafika lokuqala Uhlelo Five-Year. Uhlanga kwezomnotho itholé ukusetshenziswa futhi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Biography umsebenzi kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye Ukukhuluma yomsebenzi wakhe at inhloko yabangamashumi Yabantu Commissariat ka Railways. Oqokelwe kulesi sikhundla ngo-1935, walahlekelwa post yakhe eKomidini eMoscow iqembu. Iinsetjenziswa permutation yethulwa njengoba ukwanda. Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa Stalin, Kaganovich ukunyakaza angena ohlelweni lwaso, ngaphakathi ayengakaze yena bagxila ezandleni protege yakhe okuthunyelwe amaningi kakhulu namandla.

Lapho Lazar ku Yabantu Commissariat ka Railways ziye zathuthukisa amazinga womgwaqo, zibaluleke kangaka ngokuba sesimanje bese ophoqelelwe. Sakha izindlela ezintsha futhi olusha ubudala (abanye babo ababeyikho lusesimweni esidabukisayo ngenxa ukuphila isikhathi eside ubunzima kulwiwa).

isakhiwo eMoscow

Ukuze impumelelo yakhe Kaganovich waklonyeliswa Order of Labour Banner. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1936 - 1955 iminyaka. igama aluphala eMoscow Metro (kamuva wathola igama Lenin). Kwakuwusuku Yabantu Commissar ka Railways wengamela ukwakhiwa "komhlaba" enhloko-dolobha. Ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe wenziwa kanye kabusha eMoscow. City ithole isithombe esisha we dolobha isimo yesigaba sabasebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amasonto amaningi kwabhujiswa. Yabantu Commissar kubona ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu wayephethe ethempelini Kristu uMsindisi.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30 Kaganovich kanyekanye ephethwe amandla neminyango kwezomnotho (fuel esindayo futhi izimboni uwoyela). I Yabantu Commissars (uhulumeni) baba iPhini likaSihlalo we kwamaBolshevik umngane Molotov.

Esikhathini kweminyaka yokucindezelwa

Ngo-1937 Stalin iqale umkhankaso omkhulu entsha ekuqothulweni kuleli qembu kanye iRed Army. Kaganovich, njengoba kufanele kube, nangawo onke amandla akhe asekelwe isinyathelo abakhulu. Yena kwavusa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, hhayi nje kuphela yayo Yabantu Commissariat ka Railways, kodwa futhi wanikela ukubheka nezilokazane bayizitha zabantu nhlobo temandla le nomphakathi wamaSoviet.

Kaganovich - umuntu owayejwayelene kakhulu Stalin, ukufinyelela uhlu, okuyinto badutshulwe nge ukwamukelwa ubuholi beqembu. I ezibiyele zomlando inqwaba amadokhumenti esisayinwe Yabantu Commissar. Ngokwezazi-mlando ukubala kuphela labo shot ubala abantu 19.000. Okunye ezinjalo Stalin eseduze babe Molotov, Voroshilov futhi Yozhov (kamuva shot). Kaganovich kwaholela ekuqothulweni futhi phansi. Kuze kube yimanje, wahamba ngo-1937 kwezinye izifunda zase-USSR (e Umq. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo futhi Kiev esifundeni). Party umsebenzi kwaba bazibandakanye futhi elidumile Katyn ukubhuqwa - ukubulawa izikhulu Polish lithunjwa.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Kaganovich (njengoba Yabantu Commissar ka Railways) esasiphethe kuhlengwe amabhizinisi mpumalanga yezwe. Umthwalo enkulu wabekwa ojantshi, okuyinto ngokuvamile ababhekana ngayo umsebenzi wabo. umkhakha Soviet wakwazi ngokushesha ulungise umsebenzi langemuva bese uqale zonke izimpahla ezidingekayo ukuze ngaphambili. Ngo-1942, abantu Commissar kufakwe Military oPhethe North Caucasian Front. Kodwa izikhathi eziningi wasebenza eMoscow futhi eningizimu wavakashela Ukufika. Kwake kwathi ngo-Tuapse, lapho okuthunyelwe umyalo ngesikhathi nesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu walinyazwa yinhlamvu engalweni. Ngesikhathi phambi Kaganovich waphishekela emsebenzini wakhe amakhotho wamasotja kanye abashushisi lempi.

Engxenyeni empini yesibili Stalin zase zihlanganisa iKomiti Yombuso Wezokuvikela we amalungu amasha. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Izincwadi izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi wayengafuni idlala indima enkulu e-T-izikweletu futhi sibalo kakhulu okuzisholo futhi lobuchwepheshe.

kucima ugesi

Ngo ka Stalin neminyaka yokugcina, Kaganovich baqhubeka ukuba luthathe okuthunyelwe uhulumeni phezulu. Njengoba "handyman", yena waba ngumlindi Ministry of Construction Materials Industry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lazar ayebuyele eziphambekweni Politburo we CP CC (b) ye-Ukraine.

Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin , Kaganovich wathatha umzabalazo party enobudlova. Ekuqaleni amsekela nokuqedwa Beria. Nokho, ngo-1957-ke kanye Molotov futhi Malenkov kwahlanganiswa "iqembu anti-Party" omusha futhi wasusa kuyo yonke kokuthunyelwe kwakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Kaganovich, Khrushchev wayazi isikhathi inguquko futhi esikhathini esithile ngisho nomthelela ekuphakameni kwakhe ukuze kwababusi nomenklatura uStalin.

Owabe Yabantu Commissar ethunyelwe ekudingisweni zokuhlonipha e asbhestosi, lapho yahlala khona umsebenzi party. Ngo-1961, ekugcineni axoshwe party futhi ithunyelwa Kalinin. Kaganovich ukuguga wachitha todvwa - niwubone umzimba wakhe aziphindanga zavela phezu sezombusazwe. Kakade ngesikhathi kabusha ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele izintatheli eqoshiwe izinkumbulo omunye ophambili nezikhulu zaseSoviet we Stalin inkathi. Commissar bakudala labulawa Julayi 25, 1991 eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 97.

umndeni

Njengazo zonke Stalin eseduzane, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, ukuphila kwakhe siqu tho nesevisi, ngiye ngawabona ezingaphezu kweyodwa idrama umndeni. Umfowabo omdala, uMichael, bokuqala bahlanganyela naye KwamaBolshevik Party, kwaba Yabantu Commissar of Aviation Imboni ye-USSR. Ngo-1940 yena waba basuswa ezihlalweni zabo futhi wakhipha isixwayiso. Michael, futhi uyazi ukuthi maduze elingalindelekile angase abe yisisulu we NKVD, kwadingeka wazibulala. kunabazalwane ababili Kaganovich luckier. Israyeli wayesebenza esikhumulweni yobisi inyama izimboni, no-Israyeli Yabantu Commissariat of Foreign Trade.

unkosikazi Kaganovich sika Maria Privorotsky bajoyine RSDLP 1909 .. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, usebenza izinyunyana, wahola amakhaya yezingane ukuthi uyisekela Yedolobha YaseMoscow Council. Lapho uMariya osemusha eyingoduso emisebenzini agitational beqembu, wathola umyeni esizayo Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Izingane alo mbhangqwana: yindodakazi yakhe Maya (okulungiselelwe ukushicilelwa Umlando kayise) futhi wazitholela indodana, Yuri.