KukaStalin ukufa futhi emzabalazweni

Umholi Omkhulu futhi uthisha, iron man, umashiqela, umashiqela engumashiqela futhi umcindezeli ... Akukona zonke epithets ngalo kuze kube namuhla anikezwa umngane Iosifa Vissarionovicha Stalina. Kodwa noma ngabe kuhle noma kubi - igama lalo sezombusazwe esivelele ngubani kusukela 1920 ngasekupheleni kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1953, oholwa likahulumeni waseSoviet, bazi futhi ukhumbule Iningi lamazwe. Kuyo yonke iminyaka engu wokubusa kwakhe kwakukhona izinto eziningi ezibalulekile eziye baba neqhaza emlandweni kokubili eU.SSR emhlabeni. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, abaphucwa, ukucindezelwa mass, Esibhicongweni Omkhulu, indlala, seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - kuphela ingxenye encane yini "isandla" lo muntu. Ngakho-ke, kokufa kukaStalin kwafaka ejwayele ngaphansi kwalowo mbuso wobushiqela zabantu ukushaqeka: abantu abazi ukujabulela noma cha, bekaba ukulahlekelwa. Nokho, hhayi udidekile umholi nezikhonzi. Njengoba Stalin, abakufa kwabo kwabangelwa unhlangothi okungazelelwe, akazange nginilungisela esikhundleni, futhi ukudluliswa kancane kancane amandla eyodwa noma enye yezinto nomsizi wakhe akwenzekanga, ngakho waqala ukulwa ngakho konke futhi ahlukahlukene. Abadlali main kule mpi, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi abantu abathathu: Georgiy Maksimilianovich Malenkov, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev futhi Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria.

Ngenxa ebucayini, iziphathimandla kulesigaba ezamenyezelwa Inqubomgomo lobuholi ngokuhlanganyela. GM Malenkov, ekhuluma ngo-July 1953 ngesikhathi Plenum we CPSU Central Committee, waveza ukuthi akekho onesibindi hhayi futhi akufanele kube Olwa for indima umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla, ngoba okuqinile kuphela, ithimba athishela yabaholi party basebenze njengabo. Nokho, Malenkov, Khrushchev, futhi Beria ayengowesifazane isizukulwane ngesilwane esifuywayo, kwakheka ngenxa ekuqothulweni party futhi reshuffles 20-30s. Lawa kwakungamadodana nemibandela amandla ematheni Stalin umbuso, futhi lesi simo uye wagxilisa kubo inhlangano enjalo imodeli lobuholi wezwe.

kokufa kukaStalin yenze ezinye izinguquko ezinkulu ngo-inqubo yentuthuko yase-USSR. Ekuphetheni weMpi Yezwe II kwekuhlela kabusha ezidingekayo, futhi avele. Kodwa naphezu kwezinselele wamemezela Malenkov isimiso lobuholi collective, iziphathimandla phambili namanje zenzeka. njengoba GM Malenkov kwaba ngaleso kwensika UNdunankulu, ubuye ikhanda lika-apharathasi isimo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, waba ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo. isikhundla zincane e sabaphathi wakhonza NS Khrushchev: wahola ama-apharathasi party noNobhala weKomidi Central.

Kepha Beria, wayengumuntu isikhundla iyinkimbinkimbi futhi edidayo kule triumvirate: amandla okukhumbula amakhulu kakhulu bagxila ezandleni zakhe. Wayengumuntu ngasekhanda Ministry Interior, kuhlanganiswe ne-Ministry of State Security. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayeyindoda phezu kwensika iPhini likaSihlalo lokuqala Council of Ministers. Lavrentiy Beriya kwaba ngomunye wabokuqala owazama ukwethula umbono wakhe phezu ushintsho ezicini eziningi inqubomgomo. Wayengumuntu umsekeli wokubuyisana eYugoslavia, okunikelwe neqhaza ubunye eJalimane, ngisho wobunxiwankulu isisekelo, zazimeleleni kuhlonyiswa kwetinhlangano republic aseSoviet, njll KukaStalin ukufa futhi siqu izifiso namakhono avunyelwe Beria ukuze lelisu imibono yabo, kodwa-ke ngaphambi sibalo yokwesaba izikhulu eziphezulu kwaholela isenzo ngazwilinye ngokumelene naye. Ngo-July 1953, Beria Waboshwa, wamangalelwa ka okuvukela uMbuso nokwakha itulo Uzame yayihloselwe ekuthatheni amandla. Wamemezela isitha sabantu, Lavrenty Pavlovich enikwa isigwebo sokufa.

Ngenxa nje kokufa kukaStalin futhi emzabalazweni kuye kwaholela yokuthi Malenkov umane ayiziswana ngenxa ukungakwazi kwakhe ukugcina izinso kwamandla, ngaleso sikhathi waqala "ukuhlanza izandla zabo" party. Khrushchev, owamiswa uNobhala lokuqala Party Central Committee, wazibonakalisa enethonya ngaphezulu, esinamandla futhi umholi onekhono, izimfanelo zabo siqu, ikhono ukuveza imibono nje nangempumelelo, futhi yaphakanyiswa izinguquko ezinkulu isitayela umsebenzi Party izitho kwaba nethonya elihle phezu kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa Stalin futhi Khrushchev sika kuphakame amandla kwaholela izinguquko ezinjalo njengoba ukuqedwa kancane kancane sehlelo ubuntu, kwathatha amalungiselelo enetjhuguluko kanye nenqubomgomo yezingxoxo, sokuhamba kusukela ngabodwa kwezomnotho, ekuqaleni nokubambisana kwezinkolo nokuhlalisana ngokuthula namanye amazwe.