Glycolysis - ke ... Futhi izinto eziyisisekelo namachibi glucose

Kulesi sihloko sibheka ngokuningiliziwe glycolysis aerobic, izinqubo zayo, sihlaziye esiteji futhi izigaba. Ukubheka anaerobic namachibi glucose, ufunde mayelana nokulungiswa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwenziwayo futhi inqume okukushoyo begazi.

Kuyini glycolysis

Glycolysis - ingenye amafomu ezintathu glucose namachibi inqubo lapho namachibi inqubo ngokwalo ephelezelwa ukukhululwa kwe amandla, okuyinto lilondolozwe NADH futhi ATP. Ngo inqubo glycolysis kusukela engqamuzaneni elithwala glucose ekhiqizwa ezimbili molecule pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis - inqubo okwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya yelikhono ahlukahlukene yezinto eziphilayo - enzyme. I oxidant main mpilo - O _{2 Nokho,} izinqubo glycolysis uqhubeke e ukungezwakali kwawo. Lolu hlobo libizwa glycolysis - glycolysis anaerobic.

inqubo Glycolysis ngokungabi bikho-mpilo

glycolysis anaerobic - glucose inqubo namachibi esiteji lapho glucose akuyona oxidized ngokugcwele. It yakha eyodwa molecule pyruvic acid. Futhi ngokuya amandla, glycolysis ukungabi khona-mpilo (anaerobic) sincane ngempumelelo. Nokho, ukungena komoya-mpilo esitokisini i anaerobic namachibi nqubo ingase ukuguqulelwa aerobic kanye iyangena ifomu ngokugcwele.

izindlela glycolysis

Inqubo glycolysis - six-carbon-glucose noqhekeko pyruvate njengoba ezimbili izinhlayiya ezintathu-i-carbon. Inqubo ngokwaso ihlukaniswe 5 izigaba nokulungiselela 5 izigaba, lapho amandla lilondolozwe ATP.

Inqubo izigaba glycolysis 2 futhi izigaba 10 imi kanje:

• Isigaba 1, Isigaba 1 - phosphorylation glucose. Ngokusho yesithupha carbon athomu glucose ngokwayo saccharide icushiwe ngokusebenzisa phosphorylation.
• Isinyathelo 2 - Isomerization glucose-6-phosphate. Kulesi sigaba fosfoglyukozoimeraza okhanda amanye amathuba udonsa glucose fructose-6-phosphate.
• Isinyathelo 3 - fructose-6-phosphate, futhi phosphorylation yayo. Lesi sinyathelo kumiswa fructose-1.6-diphosphate (aldolase) ngenxa yesenzo phosphofructokinase-1, okuhambisana phosphoryl iqembu kusukela triphosphate adenosine ukuba molecule fructose.
• Isinyathelo 4 - yinqubo yehlukanise aldolase ukwakha ezimbili triose phosphate amangqamuzana, okungukuthi eldozy futhi ketose.
• Isinyathelo 5 - triose futhi isomerization. Kulesi sigaba, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ithunyelwa izinyathelo alandelayo eqhekeza ne-glucose dihydroxyacetone phosphate ukuqhutshwa ngesimo glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ngu enzyme.
• Isinyathelo 2, isinyathelo 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate kanye namachibi ayo - isinyathelo lapho molecule phosphorylated futhi oxidized ukuba 1.3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Isinyathelo 7 (2) - iqondiswe ukuze uthumele iqembu phosphate ukuba Adp 1.3-diphosphoglycerate. Imikhiqizo sokugcina salesi sigaba yilezi kumiswa 3-phosphoglycerate futhi ATP.
• Isinyathelo 8 (3) - aphuma 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme mutase. Imfuneko ukuthi bayavuma amakhemikhali kuba phambi magnesium (MG).
• Isinyathelo 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta emzimbeni.
• Isinyathelo 10 (5) - e-PEP futhi Adp adluliselwe phosphate okubangelwa ukudlula izigaba odlule. Amandla udluliselwa fosfoenulpirovata nge Adp. Ukuze ukusabela kudinga ion potassium (K) kanye magnesium (MG).

amafomu soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka glycolysis

inqubo glycolysis kungenziwa ephelezelwa isizukulwane ezingeziwe 1.3 futhi 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate ukuthonywa kulethe ongizalayo wakwazi ukubuyela ejokeni bese ukuhambisa glycolysis ngesimo 3-phosphoglycerate. Indima la ma-enzyme nhlobonhlobo, isib, 2,3-bifosfoglitserat ngokutholakala hemoglobin kubangela i-oksijini ukuze badlulele nezicubu, lula dissociation kanye nokunciphisa O ₂ ziyezwana futhi erythrocyte.

amagciwane amaningi ukushintsha ukuma glycolysis angefani, ukunciphisa inani lawo, noma esishintsha kubo ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme ahlukahlukene. Ingxenye encane anaerobes unezinye izindlela carbohydrate nokucekelwa. thermophiles abaningi abanalo 2 kuphela enzyme of glycolysis, ukuthi enolase futhi pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen kanye isitashi, disaccharides, nezinye izinhlobo monosaccharides

glycolysis aerobic - inqubo isici nezinye izinhlobo carbohydrate, kodwa ikakhulukazi kuba esivela isitashi, glycogen, disaccharides kakhulu (Munoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, nabanye). Imisebenzi yama-zonke izinhlobo carbohydrate ngokuvamile okuhloswe ngazo odala energy, kodwa imininingwane ingase ihluke injongo yayo, ukusetshenziswa nokunye .. Ngokwesibonelo, glycogen glycogenesis amenable ukuthi eqinisweni, yilokho izindlela fosfoliticheskim okuhloswe ngaso odala energy e wokuqhekeka glycogen. I glycogen kakhulu efanayo zingagcinwa emzimbeni njengoba ibhekhaphu umthombo wamandla. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, i-glucose, etholwe ngesikhathi sakusihlwa, kodwa hhayi akheka ubuchopho, futhi yandiswa kwesibindi izosetshenziswa nge ukuntula glucose emzimbeni ukuvikela umuntu ngokumelene ukwehluleka sina homeostasis.

Okushiwo glycolysis

Glycolysis - ehlukile, kodwa hhayi kuphela uhlobo namachibi glucose emzimbeni, cell njengoba prokaryotes futhi eukaryotes. enzyme Glycolytic kukhona lapho ifakwa emanzini. Ukusabela glycolysis kwezinye izicubu amaseli singenzeka kuphela ngale ndlela, isb, asebuchosheni isibindi amaseli, nephron. Ezinye izindlela namachibi glucose alisetshenziswa lezi zitho. Nokho, akubona bonke imisebenzi efanayo glycolysis. Ngokwesibonelo, fat and izicubu isibindi ngesikhathi ukugaya kukhishwe le substrates kuyadingeka ukuze zamagama glucose fat. izitshalo abaningi basebenzisa glycolysis njengendlela ingxenye eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa energy.