Imikhakha eyahlukene zokuxhumana geography neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Ukuxhumana geography ne-physics, i-chemistry, izibalo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ngemvelo

Akukho olulodwa ngokuphelele behlukene omunye ulwazi isayensi. Bonke eduze okwakuthandelene nomunye. Umsebenzi yanoma yimuphi uthisha noma uthisha - ngangokunokwenzeka ukudalula ubudlelwane imikhakha eyahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela ubuhlobo geography neminye imikhakha yesayensi.

Interscience zokuxhumana - kuyini?

Interscience (noma intersubject) uxhumano - buhlobene izifundo ngabanye. Njengoba kufanele usethe uthisha (uthisha) nabafundi ngesikhathi kufundwa. Ukuhlonza lobudlelwane ihlinzeka nokwenziwa kangcono ulwazi futhi ubangela ekusetshenzisweni ngokugcwele kubo practice. Ngakho-ke, thishela kumele ukugxila lolu daba kakhulu kwisifundo sanoma imuphi isayensi.

Ukukhomba uxhumano imikhakha eyahlukene - esibalulekile ekwakheni okunenjongo futhi izinga lefundo zombelele. Phela, ayasiqaphela umfundi emvumela Ukukuqonda kahle isihloko kanye nezinselelo ethile yesayensi.

Isayensi ukuthi study nemvelo

Isayensi System, cwaningo nemvelo, kuhlanganisa i-physics, i-biology, ukufunda izinkanyezi, ngesimiso semvelo, geography kanye ne-chemistry. Babuye ngokuthi eyala yemvelo yesayensi. Mhlawumbe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo kungokwalabo physics (eqinisweni, ngisho nkulumo isho ukuthi "uhlobo").

Ubudlelwano lwesifundo ukuze neminye imikhakha yesayensi ukutadisha imvelo isobala, ngoba bonke - into ezivamile cwaningo. Kodwa kungani sifundwa ezimpikweni ezahlukene?

Into wukuthi ulwazi imvelo enezici kakhulu, kuhlanganisa abaningi izinhlangothi ezahlukene kanye izici. Futhi omunye isayensi yakhe ukuze siqonde futhi uchaze bamane nje abakwazi. Yingakho ngokomlando kwakhiwa eyala eziningana abatadisha izinqubo ezahlukene, izinto kanye izenzakalo ezweni elisizungezile.

Geography kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuze kube ekhulwini XVII, isayensi umhlaba elinobunye ngalokuyincenye. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunqwabelana ulwazi olusha, into iba eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima umahluko cwaningo yayo. Ngokushesha alishiye geography yezinto eziphilayo, yokuma komhlaba kamuva. Kamuva, ezimbalwa emhlabeni wesayensi uzibuse. Ngalesi sikhathi, esekelwe cwaningo yezingxenye ezahlukene imvilophu ezindawo kwakhiwa futhi kwaqinisa izibopho lwesifundo nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi.

Namuhla e isakhiwo lwesifundo kusho hhayi eyala esingaphansi amahlanu ahlukene. Ngamunye wabo has izindlela zalo siqu ucwaningo. Ngokuvamile, isimo sendawo kuhlukaniswe ezimbili ezinkulu:

1. geography ngokomzimba.
2. geography kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho.

Izifundo zokuqala kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo futhi izinto, kanti eyesibili - izenzakalo ezenzeka emphakathini kanye nakwezomnotho. Ngokuvamile ukuhlobana eyala ezimbili ewumngcingo ezigabeni ezahlukene lemfundiso kungadunyazwa usukela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa isimo sendawo neminye imikhakha yesayensi liseduze kakhulu. Ngakho, okuseduze kakhulu futhi "umndeni" ngoba yilezi:

• physics;
• biology;
• ngemvelo;
• Izibalo (geometry ethile);
• umlando;
• umnotho;
• amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo;
• ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe;
• imithi;
• kwabantu;
• Ukucwaninga kanye nabanye.

Futhi empambana lwesifundo nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi ngokuvamile sebakwati isiyalo uhlobo olusha obelungekho. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, lapho Geophysics, Geochemistry noma geography wezokwelapha.

Physics nokuma kwezwe: ubudlelwano phakathi sciences

Physics - eqinisweni, kuhlanzekile isayensi yemvelo. Lesi siqu sitholakala ngemisebenzi sazi esingumGreki u-Aristotle owayehlala ngisho IV-III art. BC. Yingakho uxhumano lwesifundo yemvelo kakhulu cimeza.

Ingqikithi yalo umfutho womoya, ukuvela umoya noma izici kumiswa landforms glacial - ukumambula zonke lezi izindikimba zinzima kakhulu, hhayi asesebenzisa ulwazi aluthola ku-physics izifundo. Kwezinye izikole umkhuba beqhuba izifundo ihlanganiswe, iziphi organically nokwelukiweyo physics nokuma kwezwe.

Ukuhlobana phakathi lezi sciences emibili esikoleni kusiza abafundi ukuqonda ngokujulile Yiqiniso impahla kanye concretise kolwazi lwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungaba ithuluzi kumiswa isithakazelo ulwazi at besikole ukuba "eduze" isayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ababengazange ngempela uthole kanye physics, ezingenzeka ngokuzumayo ukuthandana naye kwenye nenye inomboro hlangana ne-geography. Lesi esinye isici esibaluleke nokusetshenziswa uxhumano imikhakha eyahlukene.

Biology nokuma kwezwe

geography Ukuxhumana eziphilayo, mhlawumbe ezisobala kakhulu. Bobabili wesayensi behlola imvelo. Yilokho nje biology igxile eziphilayo (izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta futhi amagciwane), kanye geography - ku izingxenye zalo abiotic (amatshe, emifuleni, emachibini, isimo sezulu, njll ...). Kodwa ngoba ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili non-eziphilayo izingxenye imvelo basondelene kakhulu, okusho ukuthi idatha kanye nesayensi priori ezihlobene.

Ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo biology geography akha isiyalo entsha ngokuphelele - biogeography. Into eyinhloko isifundo sakhe - biogeocoenoses, okuyinto uxhumana izingxenye futhi biotic futhi abiotic imvelo.

Lezi wesayensi ezimbili futhi ifaka udaba ukuphathwa kwemvelo ngendlela eyiyo. Ukuthola impendulo ilungelo ke geography biology ukuhlanganisa yonke imizamo yabo.

Lemvelo netejografu

Lezi eyala kokubili kuhlobene ezihlobene kangangokuba ngezinye izikhathi isihloko izifundo zabo ngisho ukubonakala. Isixazululo iyiphi inkinga kwemvelo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kukhulunywa izici lwesifundo.

Ikakhulukazi eqinile yiyona ngokuqondene geography ngokomzimba kwemvelo. It kwaholela ekwakhekeni isayensi entsha ngokuphelele - Geoscience Environmental. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama owethulwa Carl Troll kule minyaka 1930. Kuyinto esibanzi isiyalo isicelo ukuthi etadisha isakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye nezinqubo ezenzeka imvelo yomuntu, kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kuyisiphazamiso.

Munye walemisebenti Ukhiye ukucinga geo-ngemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuphathwa imikhuba zemvelo, kanye nokuhlolwa amathemba ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo ezifundeni ezithile noma izindawo.

Chemistry kanye Geography

Esinye isiyalo isigaba natural sciences, esesikhundleni ubuhlobo obuseduze zikuphi - kungcono kwamakhemikhali. Ikakhulu, baxhumana sendawo nenhlabathi nomhlabathi isayensi.

Ngesisekelo lezi ubudlelwane kuye kwavela futhi bayatfutfuka ensimini entsha ngokwesayensi. Kuyinto, okokuqala kunakho konke, Geochemistry, hydrochemistry, i-chemistry emkhathini futhi Geochemistry ebukeka. Ukutadisha zezihloko lwesifundo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kolwazi efanele yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Okokuqala sikhuluma ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• ukusatshalaliswa izakhi zamakhemikhali uqweqwe eMhlabeni;
• isakhiwo amakhemikhali inhlabathi;
• asidi kwenhlabathi;
• ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emanzini;
• usawoti lamanzi olwandle;
• aerosols emkhathini nendabuko yabo;
• yokufuduka izakhi ezikulesi lithosphere kanye hydrosphere.

Nokwenziwa ngokuhlola yonke indaba ukuze abafundi zizosebenza ngaphezulu ngokuya izifundo ehlangene, ngokusekelwe laboratories noma emakilasini kwamakhemikhali.

Mathematics kanye geography

Ubuhlobo phakathi Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona geography, kukhona eduze kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufundisa umuntu ukusebenzisa ibalazwe eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba noma uhlelo kwendawo ngaphandle eyisisekelo ilwazi leembalo namakhono kungenzeka.

Ukuxhumana wezibalo nokuma kwezwe ebonakaliswa khona okuthiwa Izinjongo womhlaba. Kuyinto umsebenzi:

• at ibanga elithile kumephu;
• ukuzimisela isikali;
• ukubala indawo ephezulu yezintaba phezu gradients lokushisa noma ingcindezi gradients;
• ku izibalo izinkomba lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye nokunye okufana nalokho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-geography ocwaningweni yabo ngokuvamile isebenzisa izindlela zezibalo: kwezibalo, ukuhlanganisa, ibhalansi, indlela ka ukumodeliswa (kufaka nekhompyutha), kanye nabanye. Uma sikhuluma geography kwezomnotho, izibalo nobuciko ingabe kungenziwa ngokuthi yayo "isigamu-udade".

Ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe kanye Geography

Ukuhlobana phakathi lezi eyala ezimbili, akekho okufanele abangele ukuthi kuncane. Phela ikhadi - lena geography kolimi. Ngaphandle isayensi of ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe Kuyinto engacabangeki.

Kukhona ngisho indlela ekhethekile zocwaningo - amamephu. Ubizwa kokuthola ulwazi olulungile usosayensi kusuka amakhadi ahlukene. Ngakho, ibalazwe ezindawo kusukela geography evamile komkhiqizo is ibe umthombo wokwaziswa ezibalulekile. Le ndlela ucwaningo lisetshenziswe umzimba eziningi: ezintweni eziphilayo, umlando, umnotho, kwabantu nokunye.

Umlando geography

"Umlando geography ngesikhathi nokuma kwezwe - Yindaba esikhaleni." Lo mbono olunembile kakhulu wavezwa ngu-Jean-Zhak Reklyu.

Umlando ezihambisana kuphela geography nomphakathi (kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho). Ngakho, labantu cwaningo kanye nezomnotho ezweni elithile awanakuziziba nomlando wayo eceleni. Ngakho, isazi sokuma kwezwe ethile, priori, kufanele ngokuvamile ukuqonda izinqubo zomlando ezenzeka endaweni ethile.

Muva nje, phakathi ososayensi kunemibono ku ukuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele la eyala ezimbili. Futhi amanye amanyuvesi eside sezisunguliwe eduze okukhethekile "Umlando Geography".

Economics and Geography

Geography nakwezomnotho nazo kakhulu cimeza. Eqinisweni, umphumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi wesayensi ababili ukuvela isiyalo entsha ngokuphelele ngokuthi geography kwezomnotho.

Uma ekonomteorii umbuzo eliyinhloko elithi "lokho futhi okungazange ukukhiqiza", ukuthi geography kwezomnotho okhathazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi enye into: kanjani futhi kuphi izimpahla ezithile akhiqizwa? Futhi lokhu isayense izama ukuthola ukuthi kungani ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo Kumiswa kule (ikakhulukazi) ingxenye izwe noma isifunda.

geography Economic Kuvezwe ngisho phakathi kwekhulu XVIII. Uyise kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha usosayensi enkulu M. V Lomonosova, owaqamba igama elithi ngo-1751. Ekuqaleni, geography kwezomnotho kwaba luyingxenye achazayo. Khona-ke, ngo-kwenkululeko izithakazelo zakhe kuhlanganisiwe inkinga kuhlala amabutho elikhiqizayo futhi lokhu ikwenze kuhambe ngendlela.

Kuze kube manje, i-geography kwezomnotho kuhlanganisa umkhakha eyala eziningana. Ziyakwazi:

• umkhakha geography;
• ezolimo;
• ezokuthutha;
• ingqalasizinda;
• nezokuvakasha;
• geography amasevisi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Zonke wesayensi bahlobene ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Ukuxhumana geography neminye imikhakha yesayensi nazo impela. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa eyala ezifana nomlando, i-physics, i-chemistry, i-biology, ezomnotho noma emvelweni.

Enye yezinselelo nguthishela yesimanje - ukuhlonza nokubonisa imikhakha eyahlukene zokuxhumana umfundi izibonelo ezithile. Lena isimo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni uhlelo imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi yolwazi iwukuthi encike ngqo kwi kahle kwesicelo yayo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo.