Ubunye eJalimane ngekhulu le-19

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, eJalimane wabizwa ngokuthi uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma weSizwe isiJalimane, okuyinto yakhiwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-300. Phakathi kwabo, nethonya elikhulu kakhulu babe Austria, eBavaria, Saxony, Prussia, Wurtemberg nabanye. Lezi uthi okhonzile nombusi Ekudleni ngokusemthethweni kuphela, bajabulela ukuzimela sekuyaphela.

Ubunye eJalimane ngekhulu le-19 kwenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya izinto eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi ukwakha isikhala ezivamile kwezomnotho kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono. zezimali abahlukahlukene yemali, nemingcele yokuhwebelana eziningi intuthuko yamakhono ukuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonisa izinsongo zangaphandle esimweni kwadingeka babe munye, onamandla futhi enamandla, kodwa hhayi olwembiza. It kwakudingeka eyodwa, amandla eyodwa. Yingakho ubunye eJalimane kwaba kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi.

Ngenxa empini uNapoleon, uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma weSizwe German abasekho. ENtshonalanga Jalimane kusukela 1806 yasungulwa on 1813 Confederation of the Rhine, ezazihlanganisa amazwe angu-16, ziyadingeka iqhaza nezimpi ohlangothini France. On la mazwe, uNapoleon uyekwa serfdom , futhi ngo-1804 wasungula Code Civil. Nokho, ngemva kokunqotshwa Napoleon Union iwa.

Ngo 1815, kwaba khona okumnandi 4 emadolobheni mahhala futhi 34 uthi ephephandabeni i-German Confederation Congress of Vienna ngaphansi kobuholi Austria. Alondoloza ukuzimela yabo, kodwa ayenikezwa indima ehamba phambili e-Austria, nguye njengoba isimo ngobukhulu emzimbeni isinqumo - Ekudleni.

Ngo-1834, i-Customs Union yasungulwa, eyayihlanganisa Prussia, eBavaria, nomunye 16 uthi. Baphila Prussia, okuyinto futhi wafuna hlanganani eJalimane. Lokhu esizwa kwanda amandla zezimboni njalo ngonyaka.

Ukuze ubunye eJalimane ngaphansi umyalo zakhe balwa uthi ezimbili ezinkulu - Austria futhi Prussia. Esokuqala kwaba ezweni bamaKatolika multi-yobuhlanga. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba acute umbuzo kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnotho emuva.

Ubunye eJalimane kwenziwa ngezindlela lempi. Ngo-1866, ngesikhathi ikhanda kwezinhloko zamaviyo Prussian O. Bismarck wenza isivumelwano imfihlo nge Italy ngokumelene Austria. Ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka yakhe athukuthelisa ngayo impi, bangazihluphi Holstein. Ngesiphakamiso sokuba Austrian Federal Ukudla bamukela isinqumo ukuthi yayizothumela amasosha ayo ngokumelene Prussia. Ngenxa yalokho kwezinhloko zamaviyo Prussian futhi Italian ehlaselwa Austria futhi kuncike kubangane bawo. Lesi sakamuva anqotshwa. Agasti 24, 1866 ePrague okwakuzoqhutshelwa esayinwe Prussia ukuthula sivumelwano ngawo Austria sazilahla zonke izimangalo ukuba kuyinto engemukelekile ezifundeni German.

Ngemva kokunqoba yasePrussia phezu Austria, owokuqala kwaba unifier kuphela. Ukuze uxhume enyakatho emazweni isiJalimane, Prussia wahlulwa Denmark naseningizimu nezisentshonalanga - wahlulwa France. Ngenxa yalokho ubunye kwamazwe of the Empire, isiJalimane yaba inhloko-dolobha Berlin - isikhungo zezombusazwe yasePrussia. Ifomu kwaba lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. UMbusi (Kaiser) kwaba iNkosi yasePrussia. amandla Legislative asetjenziswako yiPhalamende. Lalinama emakamelweni amabili, lo Bundesrat (Federal Council) kanye Reichstag (Imperial Assembly).

Ubunye eJalimane ngo-1871 waba kuMthethosisekelo, okuyinto wamukelwa ababamele Reichstag ngo-Ephreli 16. State simele umfelandawonye eyakhelwe endaweni ezisekelwe futhi zenziwa izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala lalinabashumayeli 22 ohlanga 4 umbuso, 7 no-11 imibuso nemibuso emikhulu. Eyesibili lalinabashumayeli emadolobheni khulula ngedivayisi republic. Ingxenye yesithathu kuhlanganisiwe umhlaba imperial - Alsace-Lorraine.

Ubunye eJalimane kwaholela oluqinisayo yayo eside: sekuyinto amandla enkulu yaseYurophu, yaba nethonya elikhulu emlandweni posleduschego.