Izikole kuqala Rus

Ekuqaleni, emfundweni Rus lasendulo 'akusho zidlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ngaphezu abantwana bakwa boyars abacebile kanye nemindeni ezihloniphekayo, okungekho muntu owayengakwenza ngayo ukufunda isayensi. Kwenqwaba sabantu abangu abalimi, ngubani imini nobusuku wahlanganyela ukucutshungulwa emazweni awo, ihlala enkosini yayo siqu. Kodwa isimo saqala ukushintsha phakathi umbhaphathizo Rus.

Ochwepheshe kanye izazimlando zilinganisela ukuthi isikole sokuqala ngqa eRussia yasungulwa emuva ngonyaka 988 emzini Kiev. Ukwaziswa okunjalo okuhambisana ngokugcwele indaba edumile ethi "Indaba esidlule Iminyaka". It kuvela ukuthi ukuvela imfundo e Kievan Rus waqala kuphela uma Prince uVladimir Elikhulu waqala ukuqhuba umbhaphathizo abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulona igama le nkosana kwavezwa emibhalweni yaminyaka njengoba umsunguli esikoleni kuqala Kyivan Rus. Isinqumo ayekuyalile e izikhulu kanye nemindeni boyars 'ukubutha zonke izingane niwalethe isikole sokuqeqesha Incwadi Business. Kodwa sokuqeqesha ziqondakala eziningi ukuhlukumeza. Umama namanje babengaqondi ukuthi kungani nalapho bayahamba ukuthumela izingane zabo. Yingakho amaJuda alila kuwo kakhulu, futhi bathi goodbye kuya izingane, uma iya ekubhujisweni ezithile.

Omiswe Prince uVladimir esikoleni yayenze "yokufunda incwadi", kanye nesigodlo uyilungiselelo yangempela. It is hhayi kuphela bafundiswa ukuzifundela nokubhala, kodwa futhi neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Lesi sikole saba wabhaliswa abafundi abangaba ngu-300, futhi ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amancane, ngasinye uthisha ayo wafundisa. Ngemva kwalokho, iningi esikoleni kungabonakala zezindela namathempeli. Ngokokuqala ngqá, igama elithi "isikole" uvele Russia kuphela ngo-1382, lapho isiko laseYurophu, gama kwaqala ukuqoka izikole abantu zazifundiswa khona obuciko wanikeza ulwazi ezikhethekile.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuziphatha esikoleni phakathi nokubusa Prince uVladimir ayengakwenza kuphela abafana, futhi isihloko sokuqala emfundvweni yabo kwaba incwadi yebhizinisi. Kukholakala ukuthi amadoda kufanele ngaphezulu ababeyizazi zokuxhumana, kanye namantombazane ungazi incwadi, njengoba intombi eseceleni esizayo, futhi imisebenzi yabo ngeke kuphela faka ubunikazi lesifanele angawendlu. Futhi ukwenza lokhu ukwazi isitifiketi akudingekile.

Kwakungenxa nje ngoMeyi ka 1086 eRussia kukhona ekolishi ngowokuqala zabesifazane eyasungulwa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indodakazi yakhe, u-Anna Vsevolodovna kanyekanye ephethwe esikoleni, futhi lifundisa isayensi. lapha kuphela amantombazana abaqhamuka emindenini ecebile bangafunda ukufunda nokubhala, kanye nemisebenzi yezandla ahlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni 1096 esikoleni kakade uqale ukuvula yonkana Russia. Isikole sokuqala kwaqala ukuvela emadolobheni amakhulu ezifana Moore, uVladimir futhi Polotsk, futhi ngokuvamile elakhiwa ngo zezindela namathempeli. Ngakho, abapristi ezazibhekwa Russia izifundiswa kakhulu. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15 sikhungo at zezindela wayeka isakhiwo, futhi kukhona izikole ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, okuyinto ngaleso sikhathi lalibizwa ngokuthi "amakhosi zigunyazwe."

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu ukwanda ukwakhiwa ezemfundo, esikoleni namanje akazange abe ukusakazwa kulo lonke elakwa-Russia. Imfundo e Kievan Rus ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi yonke indawo. Yingakho, isikole sokuqala obabukhona eRussia, kodwa hhayi yanda futhi kancane kancane aqala ukufiphala. Kwakuthinta kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, ukutadisha sciences kanye ubuciko ezikoleni sewucalile entsha. Ngenkathi Petru 1 wavula isikole kuqala emzini Kiev kwi isayensi ehlelekile, lapho inkosi yabiza isinyathelo esisha kwetinhlavu umuntu ngamunye. Lapha Nokho, kusenzima ukwazi ukuthola kuphela abantwana nemindeni ezihloniphekayo, kodwa abafisa ukuthumela izingane zabo ukutadisha anda. Kuzo zonke izikole othisha ngekhulu le-17 angifundisa izifundo ezifana lolimi nangesiGreki.

Yingaleso kusukela esikhathini Petru 1, izazi-mlando zithi kwaba nenguquko ephawulekayo kuleli sphere zemfundo. Ngalesi sikhathi, vula hhayi kuphela esikoleni izindawo ezazingaphansi kunalelo esikoleni kuqala kakhulu, kodwa futhi izikole ezintsha kanye lyceums. Izifundo eziyisisekelo futhi okuphoqelekile cwaningo izibalo, navigation kanye imithi.