Ukuthula of Augsburg ngo 1555

Ukuthula adumile of Augsburg sasayinwa ngemva yaqala ukusakaza imfundiso entsha yobuKristu eYurophu. Uhlelo, ukufakwa 1555, owathatha iminyaka engu-60, kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu '.

iNguquko

Ngo-1517 edolobheni German of Wittenberg kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile. Monk Order avgustiniantsev uMartin Luther posted on emnyango iphepha esontweni lendawo nge ezingu-95. Kuzo, eveza oda eyayivamile iSonto LamaRoma Katolika. ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi Ngokushesha, ithuba ukuthenga nokuzitika (ukuthethelelwa kwezono) imali.

Ukonakala sokuhamba kusukela izimiso ivangeli buhlungu ezingasile isithunzi eSontweni LamaKatolika. UMartin Luther kwaba umsunguli ngeNkathi Yezinguquko - inqubo umzabalazo kabusha emhlabeni yobuKristu. Abalandeli bakhe nabizelwa amaProthestani noma iLuthela (leli gama ezincane eziningi, ngaphezu Lutheran amaProthestani, isibonelo, nazo bakaCalvin).

Isimo e-Germany

Yezinguquko laliyisikhungo eJalimane. Leli zwe kwakungelona isimo esisodwa. insimu yalo yahlukaniswa yadliwa izikhulu eziningi ababe ilawulwe njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. Amandla le nkosi ophakeme ayikaze Monolithic. ngokuvamile Izikhulu babe inqubomgomo ezimele yasekhaya.

Abaningi babo asekelwe iNguquko futhi baba amaProthestani. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela entsha kwaduma phakathi kwabantu abavamile e-Germany - bakuleli dolobha futhi abalimi. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ezingqubuzana iRoma, futhi ekugcineni nge kombuso (ababusi babengamaKatolika). Ngo 1546-1547 GG. Yephukela impi schmalkaldic. It zicekele phansi izwe futhi ebonisa nokungasebenzi ngendlela ye-oda ubudala. Kunesidingo ukuthola ukusilela phakathi kwezinhlangano aphikisanayo.

izinkulumo Long kwangaphambilini

Ngaphambi amaqembu wasayina Ukuthula of Augsburg, ke Kwangithatha izingxoxo, okuyinto yaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana. impumelelo sabo sokuqala saba yokuthi phakathi kweziphathamandla electors abahlala sivuma ukuba sibe abaxhumanisi phakathi kwamaKatolika namaProthestani. UMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma Karl V Gabsburg ngalesi sikhathi baphikisana uPapa, okwakwenza amathuba ke nakakhulu wokuba ibhizinisi ngempumelelo.

Ukuthula of Augsburg Lwenziwe futhi ngoba izithakazelo amaKatolika baqala ukumela inkosi German uFerdinand I. Lesi sihloko ngokuyinhloko kubhekwe esisemthethweni, kodwa wazala umninawa zombusi, Charles, owayeneminyaka ngakwesokudla sakhe. Inhloko amaProthestani ezingxoxweni senziwa Elector Morits Saksonsky.

Ngiphakathi nendawo Nezikhulu ababusi steel kanye nenye legatsha yobuKristu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ababusi eBavaria, Trier, Mainz (LamaRoma Katolika), kanye Württemberg kanye Palatinate (amaLuthela). Ngaphambi izinkulumo eziyinhloko, esasayinwa Peace of Augsburg, futhi kwaba khona umhlangano wababusi Hesse, Saxony futhi Brandenburg. Kwavunyelwana isikhundla, okuyinto futhi okufakwe kumbusi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uCharles V, linqaba izingxoxo. Wayengafuni ukwenza isandla kwamaProthestani ukuphikiswa izikhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-emperor ezithunyelwe amandla kumfowabo uFerdinand. Ngalesi sikhathi, uCarl kwaba ezintweni zakhe Spanish (abakwaHabsburg elawulwa izindawo eziningi kulo lonke elaseYurophu).

Umhlangano we Reichstag

Ekugcineni, Februwari 5 1555 Augsburg wasingatha Reichstag zoMbuso, lapho bahlangana bonke abathintekayo kanye amaqembu ukuba impi. Ferdinand Ngangineminyaka on usihlalo kuye. Izinkulumo yayiqhutshelwa curiae eziningana ngokulinganisa. Phakathi ngokwabo eceleni bavumelana electors idolobha khulula nababusi. Ekugcineni, ngo-September, Peace of Augsburg esasayinwa uFerdinand ngemibandela lapho babebaningi amaProthestani ezivuna. Lokhu akuzange ukujabulisa uMbusi uCharles. Kodwa ngoba akakwazanga ulimaze inqubo, hhayi ukuqala impi, wanquma ukuba asuke izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi basayine isivumelwano. Isiphetho Augsburg emhlabeni labetibambile Septhemba 25, 1555.

Imigomo inani le-Augsburg Umhlaba

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa izihambeli bavumile izimo lelipelwe kule dokhumenti. Ukuthula of Augsburg inikezwa kuya yamaLuthela isikhundla sokuba semthethweni umbuso. Nokho, lokhu ekwakhiweni has ukubhuka sina.

It usungula isimiso senkululeko yenkolo. Lusebenza okubizwa ngokuthi isimo yasebukhosini, ezazihlanganisa amalungu elibusisekile umphakathi: izikhulu, Electors, Imperial Knights and nabakhe emizini khulula. Nokho, inkululeko engokwenkolo ayiqhubekanga ezithinta izakhamuzi Feudatories kanye nezimpahla zabo. Ngakho, ngaphansi koMbuso lapho anqoba isimiso "izwe lazo, futhi ukholo." Uma isikhulu ayefuna ukuphenduka ukuze yamaLuthela angakwazi ukukwenza, kodwa lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka, isibonelo, abalimi ahlala ezweni lakhe. Nokho, Ukuthula of Augsburg avunyelwe abebengeneme umbusi ukukhetha ukuthi uthuthele nezinye izifunda zombuso, lapho nkolelo inengqondo usumisiwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaKatolika aye wenza ezivuna phezu ingxenye amaLuthela. Isiphetho Augsburg zomhlaba sekuholele iqiniso lokuthi abbots nababhishobhi ngubani wanquma ukuya EsengamaProthestani, zibancishe amandla ako. Ngakho amaKatolika bakwazi ukugcina wonke amazwe isonto eliyifa lawo ngaphambi komhlangano we Reichstag.

Njengoba ubona, ukubaluleka izwe Augsburg wawumkhulu. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwamaqembu alwayo ephethwe ukuxazulula lolo dweshu ngokusebenzisa ukuxoxisana, hhayi impi. Futhi yena waba unqobe izingxabano zezombangazwe ka njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma.