SS Division "Totenkopf". Emblem SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf"

Impi Yezwe Yesibili, kanye nabantu baseRussia, iMpi yamaPatriotic, bashiya umlando emlandweni wabo bonke ababambiqhaza - abahlanganyeli bayo. Kuze kube namuhla, lezi zenzakalo zihlasela ngokuhlukumeza kwabo nobukhulu besenzo sezigidi zabantu. Intshisekelo kumaqiniso omlando phakathi kwabantu abaphila ngesikhathi eside kakhulu, lokhu kungahlulelwa yizincwadi ezisha njalo, eziningi zazo, ngenhloso noma cha, zihlanekezela incazelo yokuqala yemithombo yamadokhumenti. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokuxoxisana ngempi yezwe yokugcina yisihloko esiphezulu nesingqubuzanayo.

Isingeniso

Phakathi kwabantu abazinikele kakhulu abangamaNazism, abafani ngobuhluku obukhulu nokuntuleka kwempi, izingxenye ze-SS zivela. Ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi esempumalanga, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zigaba kwakusho ukuthi ukufa kwasondela kubo bonke ababesendleleni. Kuyo yonke impi leli dumela lamabutho alolu hlobo lugcinwa kahle. Ububi obukhulu kakhulu ekubulaweni kwezizwe kanye neziboshwa zempi zadumile ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-SS ethi "The Dead Head". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emaqenjini amaningi aseRussia lezi zinyunithi eziphakeme azizange zidale ukwesaba, kodwa zishaya indiva. Ngokusho kokukhunjulwa kwabalandeli bethu, amadoda e-SS adutshulwa "njengezinja ezihlukumezayo", futhi wawaphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa bonke bayaqaphela iqiniso lokuthi njengenhlangano yezempi, ukwahlukana "I-Dead Head" yenze ngokuphumelelayo ekuhlaselweni futhi kuqiniseke ngokuzivikela. Ukuze uqonde ukugqugquzelwa kwala "maqhawe" kubalulekile ukubuyela emlandweni wokuvela kwalokhu kuxhumana.

Himmler

Indima ebalulekile ekwakheni izingxenye ze-SS, ezazibandakanya ngokuqondile empini, yadlala omunye wabalingani bezombusazwe baseJalimane ngesikhathi sikaNazism, iReichsfuhrer SS G. Himmler. Lesi sibalo siyaziwa kakhulu, idatha yakhe yemvelo iyinhlangano yezempi yaleso sikhathi. Intshisekelo enkulu kakhulu ukukholelwa kwakhe emikhosini ehlukahlukene emanga, ukugijimela, inqubo yokuvuselelwa kabusha, ngakho-ke lapho udala i-SS "umyalelo omnyama" wabeka ngokuqinile imikhosi yesikhathi esidlule yama-knights, eyayiqhamuka ingxenye.

Esikhathini sokuqala, uReichsfuhrer wahlela ukudalwa kwalezi zingxenye "njengebutho lempi." Ukuhlukana kwama-SS kwakumelwe kube namaJalimane ahlanzekile kuphela ayenziwa ngokweqile ku-National Socialist Party. Imisebenzi yamasosha e-SS ekuqaleni ayechazwa njengabaqaphi amabutho ase-German, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa kwaqhutshelwa ezingeni lama-combat unit units. U-Himmler wadala ngamabomu ibutho lakhe, okuyinto, ngokubheka kwakhe, kwakuzohluka kakhulu kwi-units ye-Wehrmacht futhi limelele uhlobo olusha lwamabutho. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempi, izikhulu ze-echelon ehamba phambili kanye nemibono ye-SS Reichsfuhrer kwaholela ekutheni ukwakhiwa kwezigaba kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nesicelo esikhulu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-SS ethi "The Dead Head" yenziwa kusukela emthonjeni kuphela wemithombo yabantu etholakala ku-Himmler - ukuvikelwa kwamakamu okuhlushwa eJalimane. Kulokhu wasizwa kakhulu futhi wasizwa nguTheodore Eike, obuntu bakhe abukwazi ukuhlolwa ngokungaqondakali. Nokho, ukuzinikela kwakhe ngokuphelele kuHitler no-Himmler kulezi ziphakamiso akudingi.

Indalo yokwahlukana

Ikamu lokuhlushwa uDachau laliseduze neMunich. Kwakungenxa yokuthi isigaba esizayo esithi "The Dead Head" sakhiwe. Ngo-1934, u-Eike, ekuthiwa ngu-Himmler, waba ngu-SS brigadenfuhrer futhi uthola ikamu lakhe elinganakiwe, elilimazwe enkohlakalo kanye nokwesaba. Ngezindlela ezilukhuni aziletha ekamu ekamelweni likaDachau ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngakho ngo-1935 waba umhloli waleso sonke isimiso sokujeziswa ensimini yeRussia yesithathu.

Umlando wesigaba se-SS esithi "The Dead Head" (Totenkopf) uqala ngo-1939, empeleni lesi sigaba sasilinde kuphela imisebenzi. Igama ngokwalo lavela ebheji lamasosha ayegqoke ezinkinobho zabo. Ngaphezu kokugijima kabili kweZig, abalindi emakamu okuhlushwa basebenzisa njengendwangu yabo i-skull namathambo awela. Ngokomlando, lesi sibonakaliso asizange senze umsebenzi omangalisayo, sisho ukudelelwa ukufa nokuzidela okuphelele. U-Eike wayengumculi omuhle kakhulu wezinto zonke ezintsha zika-Himmler, ngakho-ke ukhetho lwalwenziwa ngokuthambekela kwakhe kwengqondo. Isibonakaliso sesigaba se-SS esithi "The Dead Head" sasihlobisa izinkinobho zabo bonke abalindi bamakamu kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi futhi bekhona ngeyunithi yama-SS. Ukwakha uhlobo olusha lwamabutho lwakhethwa uDachau, ensimini yabo abaqeqeshwayo. Ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngezimiso eziqinile kakhulu, u-Eike ngokwakhe wakhiqiza. Ukukhula kwesosha elizayo le- Third Reich kufanele kube ngu-178 cm, futhi impilo ehle kakhulu iyadingeka, ineminyaka yobudala kusukela ku-17 kuya ku-22 kuya eminyakeni engu-22. Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwakhokhwa ngokobuhlanga nemibono yezombangazwe. Amakhono engqondo awazange ahlolwe.

Ngokusho kuka-Eyke, isosha akumele licabange, unesibopho sokufeza lo myalelo ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ukulingana kwakhe. Enhliziyweni yokuqeqeshwa ukubeka ukuqeqeshwa okungokomzimba okunzima okwedlulele nokuqeqeshwa kwezombusazwe okusekelwe enzondo isitha. Ukuhlukumeza kwakhiwa ngumsunguli ngokwakhe, u-Eike. Iqembu le-SS elithi "The Dead Head" lakhiwa ngezimo ezinzima nokuzithoba ngokugcwele kobuholi, bonke abangenelisekile ngale ndlela babenenkampanini yokuhlushwa njengeziboshwa. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izisekelo zokudala leyunithi, kuyadingeka ukuphendukela kwamanye amaqiniso avela ku-Eyke kanye nesithombe sakhe sengqondo. Ukuzinikela kwakhe okukhulu kuHitler no-Himmler badlulisela yonke imingcele yokuqonda.

U-Theodore Eike

Ukukhishwa kwekhono lomqondisi we-SS wesikhathi esizayo kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, waxhuma ngokunqoba eJalimane kwamaNazi nokuqala kokubusa kukaHitler. Ukubamba iqhaza emhlabeni (wokuqala) impi akuzange kuhlinzeke u-Eike ngaphandle kwamazinga aphezulu, akukho mandla amakhulu. Izilwane zezilwane zakhe, ezinomusa ngokuzicabangela, zafika kumaNazi, ngakho u-Himmler wamenza ithuluzi lokujezisa izitha zakhe. U-Theodore Eike, ngokuvumelana nabantu besikhathi sakhe, wayevezwe ngobuhluku nobukhali, ikakhulukazi maJuda, amaKhomanisi nabo bonke abangazange bahlangabezane nencazelo "ye-Aryan yeqiniso." Lezi zimfanelo zaziwusizo kakhulu lapho esebenza emakamu okuhlushwa, lapho kutholakala khona isiyalo esinzima nokubekezelelana kwephula imithetho hhayi kuphela kweziboshwa, kodwa nokuvikelwa kwafakwa. Imizamo yakhe yaziswa, futhi ukwanda okulandelayo ngesigaba kufana nesimo esisha. Ngemva kokudala uhlelo olungenenkathazo yamakamu, u-Eike uthola ithuba lokuqaphela iphupho lika-Himmler "lebutho elisha", okufana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-SS ethi "The Dead Head." Izinga lemfundo yakhe laliphansi kakhulu, wayengenalo amakhono okuyala. Wayengamasosha alula, owakha ubuhlobo nabangaphansi kwakhe ngokuzithoba ngokugcwele kunoma yimaphi ama-oda. Amasosha athembekile kuye abizwa ngokuthi u-Eika "daddy" futhi azama ukufanisa imibono yakhe mayelana nomlindi omuhle weRussia yesithathu. Ngenxa yomyalo ongafundile, i-SS Panzer Division "I-Dead Head" yalahleka kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe nabantu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana kuka-Eike amasosha kwabenza bakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo futhi balwa ezindaweni zonke ezinye izinto ezazishiye.

I-Symbolism

Isigaba samaJalimane esithi "The Dead Head", njengamanye amayunithi e-SS ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-Himmler, sidalwe esikhaleni esinzima kakhulu. Ubumbano bomoya, imibono, izithakazelo, izitha ezivamile nabangane, umgomo ovamile kanye nokungazinaki izindlela ngesikhathi sokufezwa kwayo - kulezi zimiso eziphakeme zamaNazi zenziwa. Isibonakaliso sesigaba se-SS esithi "The Dead Head" kwakudingeka sithuthukise izitha futhi sihloniphe abangane. Ngokwengxenye nomsebenzi obelwe, lesi sibonakaliso sasihlangabezane. Ngalesi sibonakaliso ama-SSs abalwa kalula. Futhi, njengamanje, badutshulwa kanyekanye, amabutho aseRussia ayengavamile ukuthatha ababulali abathintekayo nababulalayo. Kuze kube manje, i-ring ye "division Head" isahlukananga. Yanikwa izikhulu ezihlonishwa kakhulu namasosha. Indandatho yasayinwa ngu-Himmler, ngaphambi kokuthi igama lesosha libe "ikheli lami elithandekayo". Umklamo wayo wawugcwele imidwebo ye-runic, isikhungo sokubunjwa kwakuyi-skull ene-crossbones. Ngemuva kokushona komnikazi wendandatho, kwakudingekile ukumbuyisela ku-SS Reichsfuhrer, owagcina wonke amakhophi njengememori yabangane bakhe abafile. Ngokwe-oda lika-Himmler yonke iqoqo labhujiswa, langcwaba ngaphansi kokuwa kwegwala okucasulayo.

Ingoma yesigaba se-SS "I-Head Head"

Ukuzinikela okukhulu kukaHitler nomlawuli wakhe omncane kwakuvame ukusekelwe enkulumweni efanele yamaNazi nokusikisela. Izinhloko zeningi labantu abasha ababengabambeli ngokuqondile ngombono wobuhlanga kaHitler, babanjwe izintambo, inqwaba yolwazi equkethe izifanekiselo nokuhlabelela izingoma kuFihrer. Isibonelo, umashi wesigaba se-SS esithi "The Dead Head" asiqukethe ulwazi lwezwe, kuyingoma yokuthi siphila ndawonye kanjani, sizofa kanye nokuphuza ndawonye uma sinenhlanhla. Lo "mbono wobuciko obuhle" usebenza kuphela ngenjongo yokuhlanganisa ibutho nokukhulumisana ubudlelwano bobuzalwane ngaphakathi kwunithi.

Isiqondiso se-Western

I-German Panzer Division "I-Dead Head" yaqala ukuhamba ngeYurophu evela ePoland. Dlulela emaqenjini angasemngceleni u-Eike ngemuva kokuhamba kwebutho elivamile le-Wehrmacht, banikezwe indima yamapholisa ensimini ehlala kuyo. Ekusebenzeni kwezempi, amasosha "weNhloko Efile" awazange abambe iqhaza, kwakunezingqinamba eziningana nezingxenye eziphuma emgodini, kodwa ngokuyinhloko leyunithi yalwa nabantu bendawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi yabo yokuhlanza yahlonishwa kakhulu nguHymler.

Ukwakha inhlangano egcwele yama-SS, umyalo wanquma ukuqeqesha izikhulu kanye no-Eike ngokwakhe ngesisekelo samasu namasu okulwa, kodwa umphumela wawungalungile. Ngakho-ke, ngoMeyi 1940, emngceleni weFranco-German, isigaba esithi "The Dead Head" sisasebenza njengengxenye yezinhlaka zokuphatha, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi sinokuhlanganyela ekubambeni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunikezwa, ama-SS amayunithi abamba ngokuphanga kwabantu. Amasosha u-Eike azihlukanisa eFrance ezimpi eziningi, kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwabo kwakuphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kwakungumphumela wabaholi abangafundile bezikhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, u-Himmler "wahleka" akafundile kakhulu, kepha umlawuli othembekile kakhulu, wabe eshiya isigaba saseBordeaux ukuze aguquke.

Umkhankaso waseMpumalanga

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1940, ukudluliselwa kwamabutho aseJalimane okuthakazelisayo kuya emngceleni weSoviet Union kuqala. U-Himmler wahlanganyela ekuguqulweni kwazo zonke izindinganiso ze-SS. Lokhu kwaphazamisa ukwahlukana "I-Dead Head": yahlanganiswa nezinkampani ezengeziwe zezinsana. Ukuphikisana kokuqala namabutho aseSoviet kwenzeka ngoJulayi 6, 1941. Ngokusho kukaManstein, lapho amabutho akhe ahlukanisa khona inhlangano ehlaselayo, amasosha e "Dead Head" ayenesisindo esiphakeme kakhulu, ahlaselwa kanzima futhi ephumelelayo empini. Kodwa ukuphathwa okungalungile komyalo zonke izikhathi ezimnandi zanciphisa zibe zero, ngenxa yalokho, zonke ukunqoba zafezwa "ngegazi elikhulu". Ebusika ngo-1941, ukulahlekelwa kwaba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 kwamandla okuqala weyunithi. Ibutho laseSoviet laqala ukuhlasela amabutho aseJalimane ngasenyakatho yephambili, lo mkhumbi wathatha amakhulu empi amasosha nsuku zonke, kwakungekho izindawo zokugcina ze-Eik, abasele babenempilo futhi bephelile ngokomzimba. Noma kunjalo, isiyalo esicacile senza ukwahlukana kube yinto ekulungele ukulwa ngaphandle komlawuli owayethunyelwe ngemuva ngegundane.

Demyansky kettle

Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari wonyaka we-42, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabutho amane aseSoviet ahlasela izingxenye ezingu-16 zamaJalimane ngenhloso yokusizungezela bese ewuchitha. I-Commander yeqembu lamaJalimane "North" Leb (General-Field Marshal) ibike kuHitler mayelana nesimo esingaphambili futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ilahlekelwe yiyunithi ye-Wehrmacht. Kodwa umyalelo wokubuyela emuva awuzange ulandelwe, owasiza amabutho aseRussia, nakuba alahlekelwe kakhulu, ukuqedela ukuhamba nokuvala ukuzungeza endaweni yaseDyyansk. Eqinisweni, kusukela ngoFebruwari 10, ibutho laseJalimane lalwa e-cauldron. U-Leb ushiye, esikhundleni sakhe wasukuma owayengumengameli we-18th Army Kühler. Iqembu le-SS elithi "The Dead Head" ebhokisini likaDemyan lalinomqondisi walo uTheodore Eyke, lapho eqala ukuvikela khona isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, amasosha angama-100 000 aseJalimane ayezungezwe, aqhubeka elwa ngokumangalisayo.

Ngakho, inhlanganisela ye-avant-garde, eyayiphonswa ekuhambeni kwemigodi ngo-March 1942, kwakuyi-SS division "The Dead Head". Umlando wesigaba se-panzer wesithathu samasosha we-SS kungenzeka empeleni uqede emgodini weDemyan. Phela, lapho edala iRamushevsky Corridor futhi esusa izinsalela zempi, amasosha angaphansi kuka-30% ahlala emaqenjini ka-Eyke. Kwaze kwaba ngo-Okthoba 1942 lo mkhakha waba nezikhundla zawo emgodini kaDemyan, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo khona ukuthumula nokuqiniswa eFrance.

Ukuguqula kabusha

I-SS tank division "The Dead Head" ibonakala ngokuqondile kule nkathi. Ngokuhlelwa kukaHitler, leyunithi yenziwa njengetanki-grenadier. Eningizimu yeFrance, amasosha e-Eyke abamba iqhaza ku-Operation Atilla, emva kwalokho leli daba lidluliselwa e-Angouleme. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okwandisiwe kanye namasosha aphumule kunika umlawuli ukuthi aqale ukuqeqesha okusha okuphazamisayo okwenza le unit ibe isikhali esinamandla seNazism. Eminye yonke yayifushane njengoba isimo esasempumalanga sabe sesongela, ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 1943 lo mkhakha wadluliselwa e-Ukraine futhi uyingxenye yebutho "South".

Ukufa kuka-Eyke

Izimpi ezinkulu zeKharkov zaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu ezinhlangothini zombili. U-Eike wazama ukuba umlawuli wamabandla ukuze abonise isinyathelo sokuhlela, ngoba lokhu kwakudingeka azi kahle indawo yamabutho akhe. Ngomhlaka 26.02.43, wangena okokugcina egibele indiza yakhe yokubonga i-single-engine, eyadutshulwa ngamabutho aseSoviet ngezibhamu. Umzimba ka-Eyke wanconywa futhi wangcwatshwa edolobheni lase-Orelki. Lapho amabutho aseJalimane ebuyela emuva, umlotha wawudlulelwa futhi wavuselelwa eZhytomyr. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 43 umuzi wawukhululiwe ngokuphelele ngamabutho aseSoviet, futhi ukugcoba kuka-Eike kwafakwa phansi. Ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa kwamabutho aseJalimane avela kuZhytomyr, zonke izingxenye ze-SS zazihlala endaweni ehlukile, ngakho azikwazanga ukuthatha isidumbu somlawuli.

Budapest

Ngemva kwe-Ukraine, ukuhamba kwamabutho aseJalimane kwaba yindawo yokuhlala ehlala njalo, ngezinye izikhathi kutholakale ukutholakala kwezinye izikhundla futhi ugcine ukuzivikela, kodwa ibutho laseSoviet alikwazanga ukumiswa. Emaphethelweni asentshonalanga i-Allied ibutho yayisetshenziswa. Ukuzivikela kwamadolobha ngabanye kuvunyelwe ukulwa nokulwa ngamabutho okuhlanganisa, kodwa amabutho aseJalimane akakwazanga ukuqhubekela phambili. Phakathi nokugqugquzela amazinga amaningi we-SS ahlanganiswe, ahlanganiswe omunye nomunye. Isidingo esiqhubekayo sokubuyiswa kabusha asikwazanga ukukhokhwa ngenxa yokubambisana ngokulinganayo ngensizakalo yabalimi. Ukuze kuvikelwe i-Budapest, wonke amabutho aseduze we-Wehrmacht akhishwe, okwakusheshe kuphuthumise inqubo yokuthatha amabutho aseSoviet waseBerlin naseVienna. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, impi yesigodi saseHungary, isihluthulelo sokunikezwa kwamatshe kagesi eJalimane, yaqhubeka. Abalando-mlando abazange baqiniseke, kodwa mhlawumbe kuwo bahlangane nezinhlangano ezimbili zezempi zama-SS: i-Edelweiss division ne "Dead Head".

"Ukuvuka kweSpanishi", ukuzinikela

Ngo-March 1945, kwakuthiwe ayekhona ngokoqobo iqembu amasosha, njengoba SS Division "Totenkopf". Photo futhi ifilimu zomlando bathi ukukhathala kakhulu futhi ashona izinsalela demoralized ngokuphelele amabutho aseJalimane endaweni iChibi Balaton, ukulungiselela okuhlaselayo yabo yokugcina. Kuze kube yimanje yadabuka zonke izinqolobane kungenzeka, Hitler ngokuthi ukusebenza "Spring Awakening." Kuyinto le nqubo futhi babe isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ibutho Wehrmacht. Spring inhlabathi exhaphozini thinned, okuholela alibale kuqala futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukulahlekelwa isinyathelo. Ukuhluleka ukusebenza lokugcina Hitler kuye kwaholela uphumo amabutho kanye umaluju yabo. Meyi 8, 1945 izinsalela kanye ephezulu uxhumano "Totenkopf" ( "Ukufa Shona") owayezinikele baseMelika selibalekele Linz futhi empeleni ngokuvumela ndima akhipha amanzi evulekile of amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Vienna. I Zinikeleni sivunyiwe, kodwa ngesicelo eSoviet umyalo division izinsalela (abangaba yinkulungwane) bayiswa ezweni onqobile.