Umnotho izinduna

Umnotho izinduna weza eYurophu esikhundleni imodi inceku ukuphathwa lesithathu noma lesine AD leminyaka. Lolu shintsho lwalulukhulu hhayi sesinyathelo esisodwa, kancane kancane, kusukela eyishumi kuya eyishumi abaninimhlaba isicelo sakhe latifundia izigqila, waqala ukuba banake yokuthi kahle kwezomnotho izigodi uqale ukunqabela kancane. Lokhu kwakubangelwa obumbi jikelele kohlelo inceku: izimpi ukunqoba waseRoma kancane kancane wanyamalala, ukuthutheleka izigqila ezivela ngaphandle bomile, futhi ayikaze imikhaya inceku enabantwana abaningi. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa isiko agronomic akanandaba imiphumela zomsebenzi izigqila zabo kepha bahluleka, futhi ngeke qualitatively kusetshenzwe umhlaba sasivumela sikhathele siyingcuba.

Yikuphi esikhundleni senceku eRoma ogxile izinduna WaseByzantium ngokushesha wabonisa ukusebenza kwayo kwezomnotho. imibuso iqaba esavela esizeni eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga, futhi, kwakungafanele inceku. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala kancane kancane futhi ukuphelela ohlelweni lokulawulwa, okuyinto kamuva yase yaziwa ngokuthi "umnotho amakhosi asendulo." Recurrences lobugqila eYurophu (ikakhulukazi emazweni Muslim) ungakaze wadlala indima kwezomnotho abalulekile.

Umnotho izinduna ukuba ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi kodwa ezingeni iphansana isidingo. Inani elikhulu lobunini elincane uqobo unfree hhayi intuthuko kakhulu emnothweni. Labor umkhiqizo kulezizimo alikwazanga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Nokho, kuyinto hhayi edolobheni. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu Ephakathi kwaba nesisho esithi: "Umoya ka-edolobheni kwenza khulula". Umlimi, ngubani wakwazi ukubaleka inkosi yakhe futhi siphile iminyaka eminingi kuleli dolobha, baba ngokomthetho khulula. Lapho sithi "umnotho izinduna" ukuthini ngale ndlela medieval yokwenza kwezolimo kuphela. Umuzi ngesikhathi kwakungamadodana amakhanda yomlando, baqala ukuvela phambi futhi nokuqala kokuhlala kwezingxenye ezintsha, ubudlelwane kosozimali: kukhona ukwahlukana manufactory zomsebenzi.

Njengoba umphakathi eba ukuguquguquka serfdom kucaca lunjengeminyaka eyinkulungwane ngaphambi ukuthi - ukwehluleka lobugqila. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani waqala kancane kancane ukuqedwa serfdom, umnotho izinduna yonke indawo zinhlanga phambi zama-Capitalist.

Ngo kakhulu eYurophu , serfdom uyekwa phakathi nesishiyagalombili - Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Omunye uthi zokugcina lalikade Russian Empire, lapho serfdom saqedwa ngo-1861. Kamuva, serfdom Russian saqedwa ngo Romania futhi Bulgaria. Kuzo zonke izimo, Izinguquko ezithile ziye zaba labhalwa usumisiwe ubudlelwane entsha zama-Capitalist.

definition Kwezomnotho wezomnotho kwezombangazwe yesayensi, "ukuzalwa" ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, waba isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa social sciences e kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Classical futhi Post-capitalism umnotho kosozimali babe umnotho ngendlela emangalisayo nzima zekhulu esandulele, futhi kokucindezelwa kwezomnotho ukusebenza - nemiphumela engcono kunokuthi non-kwezomnotho.