Panzer Division. Panzer Division eU.SSR

Emashumini eminyaka ngemva kwempi cinema yamaSoviet kuye wadala eziningi zama-movie ku izenzakalo ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Iningi lazo ngandlela-thile wathinta phezu isihloko usizi Ehlobo lika-1941. Iziqephu lapho amaqembu amancane amasosha iRed Army, ayehlome isibhamu abantu abambalwa, bhekana esesabekayo hulk usongo (indima yabo kudlalwa Unamekwe nge plywood T-54 noma ezinye imishini yesimanje), bahlangana namabhayisikobho ngokuvamile kakhulu. Ngaphandle singabaze obuqhawe iRed Army, ebhidliza kaHitler wempi, kuwufanele zihlaziya eminye dennye kwezibalo kufinyeleleke kumfundi wanamuhla onekareko umlando. Engingakusho nje ukuqhathanisa isakhiwo evamile ye ukwahlukana ithangi of the Army Soviet kanye Wehrmacht, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi undlovukayiphikiswa amabutho abaculi sesiliva screen a ihaba ambalwa. Nge izinga lethu eliphakeme futhi sekube inzuzo ambalwa, kubonakala ngokukhethekile endleleni kwesigamu empini yesibili.

Imibuzo ebekufanele ayiphendule

Panzer Division wafuna eMoscow, aphethwe Panfilov bazo abadumile noma kungekho inkampani abadumile eyodwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlukana. Kungani-ke kwenzeka ukuthi izwe, elaliba kwezimboni, abakhwelwe cyclopean ezimbonini kanye ukuzivikela ezingaba, walahlekelwa izinyanga zokuqala eziyisithupha impi bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli emkhawulweni izigidi zabahlali, athunjwa, efile futhi abafileyo? Mhlawumbe amaJalimane ngabhekana amathangi ezinkulukazi? Noma isakhiwo senhlangano ye ngomshini amayunithi lempi wawudlula yokubusa kweSoviet? Lo mbuzo ekhathaza izakhamuzi zethu nabo babe izizukulwane ezintathu post-yimpi. Kungokufanayo undlovukayiphikiswa ithangi division German nobethu?

Isakhiwo amabutho aseSoviet armored e 1939-1940.

Kuze Juni 1939, iRed Army amane ethangini amabutho. Ngemva Isekela Yabantu Commissar Wezokuvikela E. A. Kulik kwaholela ikhomishana ukuzohlola imisebenzi e-General Assembly Abasebenzi, waqala kabusha kohlelo kulethwa uhlobo amabutho. Izizathu ushintsho isakhiwo iphakethe kungenziwa kuphela ukuyichaza, kodwa umphumela waba ukudalwa 42 of tank nabasebenza anayo ngokulandelana, izingcezu ezimbalwa imishini. Cishe, inhloso yezinguquko baba ukuqaliswa okungaba khona kohlelo olusha imfundiso lempi, ukuhlinzeka sokufeza ezijulile eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini imisebenzi amasu okuhlaselayo. Nokho, kakade ekupheleni konyaka ku-oda ngqo I. V Stalina, lo mqondo ibilokhu olubukeziwe. Kunalokho kwamiswa brigades hhayi ngaphambili amabutho armored futhi ngomshini. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngo-June 1940, lelo nani lase safinyelela ayisishiyagalolunye. Isakhiwo ngasinye the abasebenzi okokufaka 2 kanye ithangi 1 ezinezinjini Division. Ethangini, esikhundleni salokho babegqoka le regiments, elihamba ngemoto, wezikhali kanye ithangi ezimbili ngqo. Ngakho, ngomshini Corps waba amandla esesabekayo. Yayinendodakazi isibhakela armored (ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane imishini esongelayo) futhi ngamandla amakhulu wezikhali kanye elihamba ukwesekwa ngayo yonke ingqalasizinda ezidingekayo, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya indlela giant.

izinhlelo eyandulela impi

Soviet ithangi division kwesikhathi eyandulela impi kwaba behlome ngemibese imishini 375. A ukwandiswa elula lesi sibalo by 9 (inani amabutho ngomshini) kulandele 2 (inani ekwahlukaneni bezinhlamvu) kunikeza umphumela - 6750 izimoto zempi. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ngo elifanayo 1940 kwamiswa ukuhlukana ezimbili ezihlukene, ithangi kakhulu. Khona-ke izenzakalo basungula nge impetuosity esingenakuphikiswa. Uqinisile izinyanga ezine ngaphambi kuhlasela iJalimane lobuNazi, Red Army General Abasebenzi wanquma usethe ngaphezulu amashumi amabili amabutho ngomshini. Lapha kuhlelwe kutsi loluhlelo ngokuphelele umyalo wamaSoviet wawungafuni isikhathi, kodwa ulindele elakho ithuba. Lokhu kufakazelwa inombolo 17 yomzimba, wathola ngo-1943 inani 4. ithangi Kantemirovskaya Division baba owalandela enkazimulweni lempi kule yunithi amakhulu empi ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba.

Imiphumela engokoqobo yokwenza izinhlelo kukaStalin

29 amabutho ngomshini yezigaba ezimbili, nokunye ngabanye ezimbili. Ubude 61. Ngo ngayinye abasebenzi amayunithi 375, amathangi 28 ayizinkulungwane 375 kuphela. Yilokho plan. Futhi eqinisweni? Mhlawumbe la manani kuphela iphepha futhi Stalin Simane sifisa ukuba sikwazi ukubheka kubo, nogwali yakhe ukubhema adumile?

Kusukela ngomhla ka-Februwari 1941, iRed Army of ayisishiyagalolunye amabutho ngomshini kwadingeka cishe 14,690 ethangini. Ngo-1941, iSoviet umkhakha ukuzivikela ekhiqizwa izimoto 6590. Inhlanganisela yalawo izibalo Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kuka edingekayo 29 ezakhiweni (nokuthi 61 Panzer Division) amayunithi 28 375, kodwa lo mkhuba jikelele ikhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lolu ngokuvamile eyenziwa. Impi, futhi ngomqondo ovulekile, akuzona zonke izitshalo ugandaganda ngeke sithi ukusebenza okugcwele. isikhathi Kudingeka ukuqhuba ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi esiphuthumayo, kodwa Leningrad "Kirovets" ngokuvamile ubekade ukuvinjelwa. Futhi namanje waqhubeka ukusebenza. Waphinde wabhekana nomunye umdondoshiya ugandaganda-armored, HTZ, kwakuhlezi amaNazi laseKharkov.

Germany ngaphambi kwempi

amabutho Panzerwaffe ngesikhathi sokuhlasela zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa possessed amathangi in inani 5639 izingcezu. Heavy wayengekho phakathi kwabo, T-Mina, kufakwe kule nombolo (kwakukhona 877), singasho sithi ngaphezulu kuya tančík. Njengoba eJalimane kwaba asempini bacwaninga ngezinye izici zomdlavuza, futhi Hitler ngangifuna ukuqiniseka khona amaviyo alo eNtshonalanga Yurophu ekulweni neSoviet Union, wathumela akubona bonke yezikhali zakhe, kodwa iningi ke, imishini mayelana 3330 eliningi. Ngaphandle eshiwo ngenhla TI amaNazi babe amathangi Czech (772 nama-PC.) Nge eliphansi kakhulu ukulwa izici. Zonke imishini ngaphambi kwempi wayiswa okudalwe amaqembu amane ethangini. Leli cebo yenhlangano sazibonakalisa ngesikhathi ubudlova e-Europe, kodwa eSoviet Union wazibonakalisa ayizwakali. Kunalokho, amaqembu amaJalimane ngokushesha ihlelwe wamabutho, ngalinye elikwazi wayengumuntu umzimba 2-3. Wehrmacht ithangi ukwahlukana bebehlome ngo-1941, cishe abangu-160 izimoto zempi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kuhlaselwa the USSR, inombolo yabo liye laphindeka kabili, ngaphandle okwandisa imikhumbi Imininingwane, okwaholela ukwehla ukubunjwa ngamunye wabo.

1942. Pantsergrenaderskie regiments of tank ukwahlukana

Uma ngo-June nango-September 1941, amavukela-German ngokushesha isihambile ezijulile indawo Soviet, yi-okuhlaselayo ekwindla kancane. impumelelo zokuqala, njengoba kubonakala kula imvelo ophumile izigaba komngcele, egcwele kusuka ngoJuni 22 kuya phambili, ukubhujiswa nokuhlushwa kwala ekuthatheni amasheya enkulukazi iRed Army, ukuthunjwa inqwaba amasosha professional, nezinduna, ekugcineni kwaqalwa liphelelwa amakhono abo. Ngo-1942, isibalo sabasebenzi izimoto kwalethwa ezingamakhulu amabili, kodwa ngenxa ukulahlekelwa esindayo ke ngeke sikwazi ukulondoloza isigaba ngasinye. Tank armada Wehrmacht kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka asheshe athole njengendlela gcwalisa. Amashalofu waqala ukwetha kabusha pantsergrenaderskie (ngokuvamile amabili base), okuyinto kakhulu abonisa Ukwakheka kwabo. Infantry ingxenye kuqala ukwanda.

1943, Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo

Ngakho, lo division German (ithangi) ngo-1943 lalinabashumayeli regiments ezimbili pantsergrenaderskih. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi Ibutho ngalinye kufanele kube izinkampani ezinhlanu (4 isibhamu sapper 1), kodwa umkhuba selashwe ezine. Kwathi kuqambe kufika ihlobo isimo saba sibi kakhulu, yonke ithangi ibutho ise division (owodwa) ngokuvamile eyodwa Ibutho PZ Kpfw IV amathangi kwaba, nakuba ngalesi sikhathi enkonzweni kwakukhona "Panther» PZ Kpfw V, ezingasetshenziswa kakade kwenziwe isibaluli isigaba amathangi medium. Le nqubo entsha ngokushesha bafika phambi esuka eJalimane neobkatannoy ukuvelela, ngokuvamile uyahluleka. Lokhu kwenzeke phakathi amalungiselelo "Operation Citadel", okungukuthi, Battle odumile eKursk. 4. Tank Division kwakunjani eziyisisekelo iyunithi Tactical kwakuhlukile okuqukethwe lobuchwepheshe ambalwa, kusuka izimoto 149 200 ngo-1944, amaJalimane ku Eastern Front ithangi wamabutho. Ngawo lowo nyaka amabutho ithangi empeleni saphela, baqala ushintshe evamile.

ukwehlukana SS Battalion ahlukene

Uguquko kanye kabusha esenzeka Panzerwaffe baphoqeleka. Material ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukulwa ukulahlekelwa, iphuka, kanye umkhakha we-Third Reich, kwaba ekuntuleni njalo kwezinsiza, Anginayo isikhathi sokwenza i ukwehla. Of imishini esindayo ezinhlobo entsha (ACS-bomlilo "jagdpanther", "jagdtiger" "uFerdinand" futhi ithangi "Inkosi Tiger") ukwakha Battalion ekhethekile, bayingxenye zezigaba tank, njengoba umthetho, engafiki. Kugucuka zabhekana cishe akukho SS Panzer Division, ezibhekwa njengezincwadi elite. Kwakukhona eziyisikhombisa:

• "Adolf Gitler» (№ 1).
• "Das kwamaNazi» (№ 2).
• "Dead ikhanda» (№ 3).
• "AmaViking» (№ 5).
• "Gogenstaufen» (№ 9).
• "Frundsberg» (№ 10).
• "Hitleryugend» (№ 12).

Battalion ngamunye SS Panzer Division wasebenzisa Jikelele Abasebenzi German njengoba zigcine ekhethekile esibekelwe izingxenye eyingozi kakhulu kulolu phambi kokubili aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.

Soviet ithangi ukwahlukana

Impi ye-IKHULU lamashumi amabili libhekene ngeziqu zamehlo isisetshenziswa elisekela. Naphezu impumelelo umxhwele Wehrmacht e 1941-1942, isiJalimane ochwepheshe ezempi phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu emuva kwalesi sigameko iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu esikhathini esiningi baqonde lokho kunqoba engasakwazi, futhi uthemba ngoba wakhe waba yize. Blitzkrieg eU.SSR alulayishwanga. Industries, okuyinto usebhekene wokuba abantu baphume emikhulu, ukusebenza ngamandla, ohlinzeka eziningi phambi ukulwa izinga okusezingeni art. Labanti ladzingekako kute kuncishiswe isakhiwo njalo idinga Soviet ibutho compounds kwakungafanele.

Onogada Tank Division (nye was cishe akukho, kuba isihloko zokuhlonipha onikezwe wonke lisuka ku phambili ukulwa amayunithi kusengaphambili) aqedwa ngo-1943, inani esigcwele amayunithi. Abaningi babo kwamiswa ngesisekelo izinqolobane. Isibonelo salokhu 32th Armored Division of Red Banner of Poltava, wadala ngesisekelo 1st Airborne Corps ngasekupheleni 1942 futhi wathola inombolo kokuqala 9. Ubunjwe, ngaphandle regiments njalo armored zazisekhona 4 (ezintathu elihamba, omunye wezikhali), futhi futhi antitank Ibutho, unjiniyela Ibutho, ukuxhumana nkampani, kwesimo endaweni namakhemikhali ukuzivikela.